γ-Al2O3膜改性污泥活性炭的制备及其脱硫性能

用溶胶-凝胶法制得γ-Al2O3膜改性污泥炭.用扫描电镜、红外光谱、BET(Brunauer-Emett-Teller)分析了改性污泥活性炭的表面结构、羟基种类和孔结构.结果表明:与污泥活性炭相比,改性污泥活性炭孔径均匀,孔径明显减小,γ-Al2O3膜与污泥活性炭结合良好;改性污泥活性炭的脱硫率显著地提高,最佳值达到87.48%.这主要是由于改性污泥活性炭后,一方面,其表面羧酸的游离-OH向稳定态转化,减弱了表面酸性,利于酸性气体SO2吸附;另一方面,γ-Al2O3膜附于污泥活性炭内壁,缩小孔径,同时也将膜微孔结构复合于污泥活性炭的孔结构中,增加了微孔和小孔的数量,增大比表面积和总孔容,利于SO2气体的吸附.     

新型吸附-催化剂La-Cu-Na-γ-Al2O3同时脱除SO2和NO的实验研究

利用固定床连续流动反应器研究了新型吸附-催化剂La-Cu-Na-γ-Al2O3同时吸附脱除模拟烟气中SO2和NO的工艺条件、循环使用性能,模拟烟气组成是0.5%SO2、0.15%～0.057% NO、0%～8% O2,Ar平衡.通过对不同温度下比表面分析研究了La-Cu-Na-γ-Al2O3的热稳定性,利用程序升温表面反应(TPSR)研究了La-Cu-Na-γ-Al2O3的再生性能.结果表明,La-Cu-Na-γ-Al2O3的适宜工艺条件是SO2/NO为5.1～3.5、原料气含氧量大于4.5%、吸附温度448 K.La-Cu-Na-γ-Al2O3在循环使用过程中吸附能力下降.与NOXSO工艺的吸附-催化剂Na-γ-～2O3相比,La-Cu-Na-γ-Al2O3同时吸附SO2和NO的能力大(SO2/NO为5.1～3.5时,La-Cu-Na-γ-Al2O3同时吸附SO2和NO的吸附量分别是Na-γ-Al2O3的1.25和4.7倍.)、再生循环使用性能好、热稳定性好,将La-Cu-Na-γ-Al2O3应用于NOXSO工艺可望提高该工艺的脱硫脱氮效率.     

γ-氧化铝复合膜的制备及其脱硫性能

采用溶胶-凝胶法将H3BO3引入到Al（OH）3透明溶胶．经多次成膜-干燥-烧成制得具备一定脱硫效果的γ-Al2O3复合膜．以探索烟气脱硫的新方法。用扫描电镜,X射线衍射、BET（Brunauer-Emett-Teller）法分别对膜的表面结构、晶相组成和孔结构进行了研究。结果表明：（1）所制得的γ-Al2O3-B2O3复合膜是连续均匀的,掺B2O3量的增加对其表面结构末发现有显著影响。（2）掺杂B2O3后,一方面会促进胶粒重排,加快胶粒问空隙变形和缩小,而形成小孔,小孔数目则有所增加,使得掺杂B2O3后膜的总孔容、比表面积都会有所增大;另一方面B2O3的比表面积远小于Al2O3的比表面积．掺B2O3量的增加会使膜的比表面积减小;因而在正负效应作用下,复合膜的比表面积与总孔容的变化曲线出现了极值。（3）γ-Al2O3-B2O3复合膜在脱硫过程中起主要作用,其吸附二氧化硫的过程中既存在物理吸附又存在化学吸附,脱硫率均大于40％。当掺10％（按摩尔计）B2O3时．实验所获得的γ-Al2O3-B2O3复合膜的比表面积和总孔容为最大值,分别为4．4908m^2／g和0．009852cm^3／g,其脱硫效果最好,脱硫率达到了61．87％。     

机械力预处理磷酸法与传统磷酸法制备活性炭

以速生材红麻秆芯为原料,磷酸为活化剂,采用传统磷酸活化法和机械力预处理磷酸活化法制备红麻秆基活性炭。考察了不同活化时间下2种制备方法对红麻秆基活性炭得率和吸附性能的影响,并借助比表面积分析仪、红外光谱仪表征了活性炭的孔结构及表面官能团特征。结果表明：相比于传统磷酸活化法,机械力作用能使磷酸渗入到原料里层,提高活化效率,使活性炭具有更高的得率、吸附性能、BET比表面积和孔容。在活化时间90 min下,机械力预处理磷酸活化法制得的活性炭得率为50.24%,碘吸附值为1 024 mg/g,亚甲基蓝吸附值为275 mg/g,BET比表面积为1 625.42 m²/g,总孔容为0.762 cm³/g。由孔径分析可知,2种方法制备的活性炭均以微孔为主,并含有一定数量的中孔。由红外光谱分析可知,机械力预处理不会破坏炭化物的基本结构,2种方法制备的活性炭表面均含有—OH、C—O和C＝O等含氧官能团。     

焦化污泥添加对活性焦结构和Pb2+吸附的影响及机制

将两种焦化污泥(S1和S2)分别配入无烟煤中,通过水蒸气活化制备高比表面积分级多孔活性焦,采用BET、Boehm滴定和SEM等手段探究污泥对活性焦结构和Pb 2+吸附性能的影响及其机制。结果表明:两种污泥的添加均对活性焦比表面积和表面碱性官能团具有明显的促进作用,污泥S2的添加对活性焦的比表面积和表面碱性官能团的提高更加明显;随着两种污泥添加量的增加,活性焦比表面积均呈先增加后减少的趋势,当污泥添加量为10%(质量分数,下同)时,比表面积最大,分别达到756 m 2/g和759 m 2/g;污泥添加量的增加还能促进活性焦表面碱性官能团的生成,当污泥添加量为20%时,表面碱性官能团分别达到1.10 mmol/g和1.38 mmol/g;此外,两种污泥均可提高活性焦对Pb 2+的吸附量,其中添加S2制备的活性焦吸附效果更好,活性焦对Pb 2+的吸附符合Langmuir等温吸附模型,吸附量最大可达60.6 mg/g。     

酸碱改性及负载镍对活性炭脱硫性能影响研究

酸碱改性可增加活性炭表面官能团数量、增大比表面积和孔容、提高金属活性组分在其表面的分散度,负载镍可使活性炭具有较好的低温脱硫性能.为开发适合用于钢铁企业烧结烟气低温脱硫的活性炭,采用HNO3和KOH分别对椰壳活性炭进行改性并负载镍,分别开展HNO3改性活性炭的反应温度和改性条件对脱硫性能影响,通过BET对炭基和酸改性活性炭进行表征,KOH改性活性炭的碱炭比、活化时间和活化温度对脱硫性能影响,炭基、酸改性和碱改性活性炭且负载镍的脱硫剂脱硫性能研究.研究表明:60℃为1Ni/NAC最佳脱硫反应温度,HNO3处理后再负载镍对催化剂脱硫性能提高较大;合理的碱炭比为3:1,最佳活化时间为1 h,合适的活化温度为800℃;负载镍活性炭脱硫能力由强到弱的顺序为1Ni/NAC>1Ni/KAC>1Ni/AC.研究成果可为钢铁企业烧结烟气低温脱硫及多污染物协同治理提供借鉴.     

油茶壳残渣制备活性炭的工艺

以油茶壳醇浸取后残渣为原料,以磷酸活化法制备活性炭,考察了浸渍比、磷酸质量分数和活化温度等对活性炭吸附性能及其得率的影响;活性炭的吸附性能由碘吸附值、亚甲基蓝吸附值表征。结果表明,在酸/炭浸渍比为3:1、磷酸质量分数70%、活化温度500℃时,活性炭的吸附性能最佳,其碘、亚甲基蓝吸附值和得率分别为1043.29mg/g、148.5mg/g和38.77%。采用物理吸附仪在77K下测定其N₂吸附脱附等温线,利用BET法和BJH法计算比表面积和孔径分布,其比表面积为1626.45m²/g,平均孔径为4.7nm,总孔容为1.94cm³/g。同时采用FTIR和XRD分析了活性炭的表面官能团和微观结构。     

γ-Al_2O_3/活性炭复合材料的制备及除砷性能研究

以太西无烟煤基活性炭为载体,经浸渍、碱沉淀、加热、水洗、干燥等工序,在活性炭载体表面和孔内形成γ-Al2O3薄层,制备出了可处理含砷废水的γ-Al2O3/AC纳米复合活性炭,并利用物理吸附仪(BET)和电感耦合等离子体发射光谱仪(ICS)进行了表征;结果表明,实验用活性炭含有丰富的微孔结构,其中?4.0~80 mm活性炭对γ-Al2O3的负载量最高;复合活性炭平均孔径为1.012 nm,比表面积为1 294 m2/g,有效孔容为1.10 m L/g;在以NH3·H2O作为沉淀剂时,此活性炭对砷酸根离子的吸附量最高可达到13.6 mg/g,优于以Na OH作为沉淀剂制备的纳米复合材料。     

石莼基微/中孔复合结构活性炭的制备及性能

以海洋海藻废弃物石莼为原料,通过热解预炭化,KOH活化制备活性炭。以碘吸附值和亚甲基蓝吸附值为吸附性能评价指标,探究了活化工艺对活性炭吸附性能的影响。结果表明,当KOH与石莼半焦质量比(碱炭比)为3.0∶1.0、活化时间为45 min、活化温度为800℃时,活性炭吸附性能最优,其碘吸附值和亚甲基蓝吸附值最大,分别为1824.19 mg/g、914.98 mg/g。FTIR测试表明,活性炭含有大量羟基等官能团。SEM测试表明,活性炭表面粗糙、存在大量孔结构。活性炭的BET比表面积为2616.3 m2/g,Langmuir比表面积高达4883.5 m2/g,平均孔径为2.73 nm。石莼基活性炭的孔结构为微/中孔复合结构,有作为储能、环保材料的潜质。     

废弃辣椒秸秆高比表面积活性炭的制备及表征

以废弃的辣椒秸秆为原料,KOH为活化剂,制备高比表面积活性炭,研究了碱炭比、活化温度、炭化温度及活化时间对活性炭吸附性能的影响。结果表明,活性炭制备的最佳工艺条件为:碱炭比为3∶1,活化温度为700℃,炭化温度为450℃,活化时间为40 min。在此条件下,制得的活性炭碘吸附值2 356.40 mg/g,亚甲基蓝吸附值41.3 mL/0.1 g,BET比表面积为2 432.135 m2/g,Langmuir比表面积高达3 270.478 m2/g,吸附总孔容为2.064 cm3/g,平均孔径为3.246 nm。SEM和XRD观察发现,辣椒秆活性炭呈不定形态,具有丰富和发达的蜂窝状孔隙结构。     

氢气纯度分析方法准确性的探讨

ONACCURACYOFANALYSISOFOFHYDROGEN1前言我公司目前应用的氢气纯度分析方法有两种,一种是爆炸反应法,另一种是焦性没食子酸吸收法。几年来,人们对两种分析方法的准确性曾有过褒贬不一的评论。这里我们也谈谈自己粗浅的观点。2爆炸法测定氢气纯度一定量的氢气样品与适量的空气之均匀混合物因反应后生成液体水而引起气体体积减少,减少的体积等于参加反应气体体积之和。其中l／3为氧气,2／3为氢气。根据氢气取样量和反应前后混气体体积之差,以及氢气在反应中的体积比例关系,可计算出样品的氢气纯度。计算公式式中：A一混…     

COMPARISON OF METHODS OF ANALYSIS OF GYPSUM1

The different analytical methods proposed for the evaluation of gypsum have been subjected to an experimental test. A combination method, consisting of a fusion with KHCO₃ and determination of CaO by KMnO₄ titration, the SO₃ by Andrews method of titration of BaCrO₄ has been found to give very reliable results with the least consumption of time.     

SEDIMENTATION OF BINARY MIXTURES OF PARTICLES OF UNEQUAL DENSITIES AND OF DIFFERENT SIZES

A model is developed for the sedimentation from a suspension of two particle species of unequal densities and of different sizes. The composition and the thickness of various layers in the sediments are predicted using graphical and analytical methods. The model predictions were in excellent agreement with experimental results, when the particle size ratio was ≥ 108. When size ratio of the particles was 2.60 and 4.31 the agreement occurred in about 50 percent of the cases.     

HEASUREHENT OF INSTANTANEOUS RATES OF LOSS OF VOIATILE COMPOUNDS DURING DRYING OF DROPS

A novel technique serves to monitor instantaneous rates of loss of a volatile solute from a suspended drop during drying. A highly sensitive electron capture detector is used to monitor concentrations of SF6 released into a flowing gas stream from a suspended, drying drop. Simultaneously, the appearance and morphological development of the drop are monitored with a video camera. This provides the wherewithal of relating instantaneous rates of loss of the volatile solute to particular events during the development of particle morphology.

Initial experiments have been carried out with drops of aqueous solutions of glucose, sucrose, maltodextrin and coffee extract. The results clearly display the onset of the volatiles-retentive selective diffusion phenomenon. There is also substantial loss of the volatile component later in the drying process, when the drops undergo repeated ex ansion, bursting and cratering due to the formation of internaf bubbles. These experiments appear to be the first quantitative demonstration of major losses accompanying changes in drop morphology.     

茶多酚提取方法进展

本文综述了国内外现有茶多酚提取方法的现状以及近期的研究进展，并对其优缺点进行了评价。这将有助于中低档茶的综合利用和茶多酚的进一步开发应用。     

几种针状焦性能对比

针状焦分石油系和煤系两大类,这主要取决于针状焦的原料来源。在同一系列中由于原料不同和工艺条件不同 ,针状焦的各自性能也不相同。针状焦是生产超高功率石墨电极和高功率石墨电极的主要原料 ,针状焦的性能对石墨电极的质量有至关重要的影响。所以对针状焦性能以及其对石墨电极质量影响的研究十分必要的。以下是常用的几种进口针状焦和国产针状焦的性能对比。１原料性能分析对比原料试样包括４种针状焦 ,其中两种为进口针状焦：三菱针状焦和新日化针状焦;另两种为国产针状焦：鞍山针状焦和锦州针状焦。其中除锦州针状焦是石油系针状焦外…     

ANALYSIS OF RECENT MEASUREMENTS OF THE VISCOSITY OF GLASSES

Viscosity of Simple Soda-Silicate 500° to 1400°C Comparison of the results given by English with those of Washburn, Shelton and Libman, indicates a discrepancy in the absolute values of log₁₀ viscosity amounting to 0.6, those of Washburn et al., being relatively too high. If correction for this is made, the isothermal curves of log₁₀ viscosity as a function of soda content are smooth up to 50% Na₂O, showing no inflection. The observations as a function of temperature T are all represented within accidental error by an equation of the type where all three constants vary regularly with the composition. Change of Viscosity of Glass (6SiO₂, 2Na₂O) due to Molecular Substitution of CaO, MgO and Al₂O₃ for Na₂O The effect is clearly brought out by plotting (from the results of English) the change of log₁₀η due to the substitution as a function of temperature. The curves each show a sharp bend at a temperature between 840° and 1050°C, which is designated the aggregation temperature T_a. If we divide these curves by the corresponding percentage substituted, we get curves for each oxide which are straight and parallel below the aggregation temperatures, the slopes (increase of change of log₁₀η per 100°C) being −0.056 (CaO), −0.055 (MgO), −0.018 (A1₂O₃) per per cent oxide substituted. For substitution of 1/2 molecule the slopes are −0.325 (CaO), −0.23 (MgO) and −0.18 (Al₂O₃) per 100°. At the aggregation temperature the change of log₁₀η per per cent is a minimum, 0.03 to 0.06 for CaO, 0.12 for MgO, 0.07 for Al₂O₃. Evidence of Aggregation in Glasses, from viscosity Measurements The sharp bends in the plots of change of log₁₀η due to substitution of an oxide for Na₂O, suggest the beginning of molecular aggregation at these temperatures. These aggregation temperatures are close to the devitrification temperatures, but the effect on the viscosity curves cannot be due to actual devitrification since it does not change with time. Taking the aggregation temperatures as equal to devitrification temperatures, additional isotherms are roughly sketched into the equilibrium triangle of the system Na₂O-CaO-SiO₂. Change of Viscosity of Glass (4SiO₂, 2Na₂O) due to of Substitution of B₂O₃ for SiO₂ The change of log₁₀η (from the results of English) is plotted as a function of temperature, and also the change of log₁₀η per per cent B₂O₃. The curves are more complex than for the substitution for Na₂O.     

环氧树脂羟基值测定方法的研究

利用乙酸酐、吡啶和浓硫酸混合的乙酰化试剂测定环氧树脂中羟基值含量的方法具有操作简便、滴定终点明显和分析结果误差小等优点。     

骑式摩托车油箱喷涂工艺的改进

面对日益激烈的市场竞争,摩托车油箱外观质量越来越成为影响销售的因素之一。文章介绍了改进工艺后的油箱涂装,该涂装体系提高了油箱外观的丰满度,降低了油箱涂装的生产成本。     

聚酰亚胺的合成法

本文评述了缩聚型聚酰亚胺的主要合成方法和近年来国际上在合成中所做的探索。