基于知识与信息网络的敏捷产品开发

从敏捷产品设计方法、敏捷产品开发的协同机制，敏捷产品开发的知识管理和敏捷产品开发的设计表达4个方面对国外基于知识与信息网络的敏捷产品开发研究进行综述，结合国内产品开发的研究现状，指出我国产品开发的发展方向应是基于知识和信息网络的敏捷产品开发。     

Research on collaborative conceptual design based on distributed knowledge resource

Conceptual design is an early stage of the whole product development process, which involves the generation of solutions to satisfy the design requirements. It is a crucial issue on how to find proper principle solutions from enormous, isomeric, and even distributed knowledge resources repositories and then ally with these correlative distributed knowledge resources providers to collaborative conceptual design. Design is a task-solving process using corresponding resource, so it does not always have an agency in product design. This paper proposes a model of collaborative conceptual design based on distributed knowledge resources, which is centered on design tasks and based on dynamic knowledge alliance without agency. After a model of knowledge resource unit and a model of Web services based on knowledge resource are proposed, a virtual quantitative and qualitative knowledge resource representation based on knowledge grid is then put forward. The mixed knowledge resource repository is also proposed to support collaborative conceptual design. The strategies of knowledge register, publish, storage, reorganization, orientation, and problem solving based on mixed knowledge resource repository are then discussed in detail. The data exchange mode of principle solutions is then described. The selection strategy of dynamic knowledge alliance members is established. The framework of distributed knowledge resource is also put forward to support collaborative conceptual design. The process of collaborative conceptual design based on distributed knowledge resource is then proposed. The conceptual design of new devices for decreasing resistance of amphibious vehicles is given as an example, which demonstrates that the methodology is obviously helpful to produce valuable principle solutions with distributed knowledge for product innovation.     

网络化制造模式下基于语义网的协同产品配置模型研究

针对网络化制造模式下协同产品配置设计的信息需求,探讨了一种基于语义网的协同产品配置模型。在该模型中提出了一种基于语义网的协同产品配置模型的体系结构,构建了基于语义网的协同产品配置设计过程模型。通过定义协同产品配置信息的语义元数据描述模型来构建统一的协同产品配置本体,并对散布于网络上的协同产品配置资源进行语义标注,使网络化制造环境下协同产品开发企业之间能够共享产品配置信息,提高分布式协同产品配置设计的信息交互效率以及协同产品开发水平。将该模型应用于某网络化协同设计平台,对模型的有效性进行了验证。     

An Internet-based integrated product design environment. Part I: a hybrid agent and network architecture

During the past two decades, concurrent or collaborative engineering (CE) has presented new possibilities for successful product development. In addition, the advances in computer networks and information technology have brought engineering design context into a new era. As a promising approach to accommodate the radical pace of changes in the context of engineering design, agent technologies have been attracting public attention and are being used in an increasingly wide variety of applications. However, little attention has been paid to multi-agent system (MAS) frameworks for CE environments that enable systematic and timely design integrations in both hierarchical and heterarchical design topology. This is the first of a two-part paper proposing a MAS framework for integrated product design in a computer network-oriented CE environment. Part I first proposes a hybrid agent network architecture to develop lightweight, dynamic and large-scale distributed systems, and then proposes a hybrid agent architecture based on our finite state automata (FSA) formalism that can exhibit both hybrid behaviours and hybrid interactions. Finally, some ideas for building an integrated product design environment are presented using the proposed agent and network architecture. Part II discusses the applications of the proposed MAS framework to concurrent engineering design.     

An Internet-based integrated product design environment. Part II: its applications to concurrent engineering design

Concurrent or collaborative engineering (CE) has inspired research in the area of design decomposition, which facilitates the concurrency of product lifecycle functions from the earlier stage of the product development process and reduces the complexity of a design problem. The decomposition-based design, on the other hand, necessitates various integration efforts for recombining the decomposed design problems. This is the second of a two-part paper proposing a multi-agent system (MAS) framework for integrated product design in a computer network-oriented CE environment. Part II discusses the applications of the proposed MAS framework to concurrent engineering design. The proposed framework realises the systematic and timely design integrations between multi-functional/cross-functional team members in a dynamic design environment, by enabling model integration, solution integration and tool integration. The proposed design agents make the problem-specific engineering models or heterogeneous design tools interoperable and network-accessible, and also provide the interaction spaces for communicating, integrating or coordinating the individual design solutions. Throughout the paper, the proposed system is illustrated with a successful implementation of a continuously variable transmission (CVT) design problem over the Internet .     

网络化产品协同设计支持系统的设计与实现

针对网络化产品协同设计的特点和多种应用需求，提出了多模式协同设计的思想，定义了几种典型的协同设计模式。基于XML和VRML技术，建立了支持网络化协同设计信息集成、过程集成和知识集成的集成模型。设计并实现了一个通用型网络化协同设计支持系统，给出了系统体系结构和实现途径，并以微小卫星研制为背景进行了应用验证。该系统具有柔性和开放性，可扩充，易裁剪，可支持多种协同设计模式，便于构成多种应用系统或与其他系统集成。     

A design representation scheme for collaborative product development

Design is an integral component of product development, which includes manufacturing. In order to avoid costly reworks and delays, and to reduce the lead-time in product development, effective communication of design concepts among the various stakeholders such as customers, designers and engineers is of utmost importance. In this respect, functional representations provide a methodology, which can be used to describe a design or product effectively. However, function is not the only type of information that needs to be communicated among the various stakeholders during a design process. Other types of information such as design specifications and constraints, which are non-functional, also need to be taken into account. This non-functional information cannot be adequately expressed using existing functional representations. Accordingly, in this work, a novel purpose-behaviour-structure (PBS) representation scheme to capture vital design knowledge for collaborative product development is proposed. The proposed PBS representation scheme can be used by designers working in a collaborative environment for product development. A case study on the design of a vacuum cleaner is used to illustrate the functionality of the PBS representation scheme. The details of the representation scheme are presented in this paper.     

面向CSCW的CAD/CAM系统设计

协同设计是实现并行工程的关键,ＣＳＣＷ为协同设计的实现提供了有力的环境和技术支持。分析了ＣＡＤ／ＣＡＭ系统实现协同设计的方法和步骤,提出了一个ＣＳＣＷ环境下的基于代理的ＣＡＤ／ＣＡＭ系统模型,并对模型中协同设计环境的构造、各代理结构的设计以及分布协同设计环境下产品模型的处理作了分析。     

A view-based approach to modeling product semantics in design chains

To reduce “time-to-market”, semantics of a product must be synchronized in a design chain, because inconsistencies during collaborative product development cause an unnecessary waste of time. To guarantee semantic synchronization, all enterprises should co-operate and maintain semantics whenever they are updated. In this paper, a V2-model is proposed to share product semantics during collaborative product development through view-based semantic synchronization. The V2-model has two kinds of model layers for semantic synchronization: a view-independent model (VIM) layer and a view-specific model (VSM) layer. Semantics in the VIM is the well-structured semantics shared among all enterprises and thus are published across the collaborative design chain. On the other hand, semantics in the VSM is the inconsistent semantics for product information that occurs during the early design stage, when different enterprises may have differing views about product concepts that are constructs of semantics. The inconsistencies between the different views can be solved by a decision and sharing (DnS) process and V2-model. The DnS process transforms the concepts in the VSM to the concepts in the VIM by utilizing topic maps-based scoping and merging functions. The proposed V2-model has been successfully applied to the design process of a washing machine model.     

并行设计及其支持环境

以PDM为框架,建立了支持产品并行设计的并行工程体系结构,通过分析设计活动的组成,提出了面向产品全生命周期的数字化信息模型和基于STEP的CAx信息集成模式,定义了结构扁平的集成产品开发矩阵组织模式,以有效支持产品开发队伍的重构,探讨了信息分层共享的合理模式,集成了分布于不同硬件平台的CAx/DFx工具,最后建立了支持并行设计微循环与预发布的过程管理模型,研究了并行化产品开发的过程控制与管理技术。     

并行工程中的两种并行实现模式研究

活动是产品开发流程的基本单元，研究其生和描述模型是开展并行工程等产品开发模式技术研究的主要基础。本文提出一种从资源，技术和过程三个角度描述其属性的三维度活动模型，并通过对活动属性的分析，讨论并行工程中的两种并行实现模式，即在产品设计阶段，统筹考虑产品全生命周期要求的并行设计和在产品开发过程中通过信息预发布支持，并由任务状态模型控制的活动并行。     

MULTI AGENT COLLABORATIVE DESIGN SYSTEM MODEL BASED ON THE INTERNET AND EXPERIMENTS

0 INTRODUCTIONDstributed Artificial Intelligence(DAI ) is one ofthe imPOrtant branches of artificial intelligence. In thedomain of artificial intelligence, agent is used torepresent the object with some intelligence andautonomous decision-making function so as todistinguish it from common object.The agent isusually called" Autonomous Object" .A distributedartificial intelligence consists of many agents. Typicalstructure of an 8gent includes the partial knowledgebase, inference and dec…     

A distributed product development architecture for engineering collaborations across ubiquitous virtual enterprises

In order to use high-fidelity analysis and design tools at the design stage, designers need to communicate with domain experts and their tools, which may be geographically dispersed over heterogeneous computing platforms. However, technical difficulties and ontological issues such as distributed computing, application integration, and distributed product information sharing impede the collaborative product development. This paper presents a distributed product development architecture for engineering collaborations across ubiquitous virtual enterprises. It provides an integrated framework for product development services to effectively communicate to realize true engineering application integration. The focus of this paper is to address three key issues. One is concerned with product information sharing and synchronization across virtual enterprises. Another is concerned with federations of product development services over the collaborative process. The third is related to the engineering context management using semantic web for providing more human-oriented collaborations services. A case study for developing a mobile phone is shown to validate the implementation of the proposed approach, which gives a great deal of possibilities for supporting a rich set of product development scenarios in ubiquitous environments.     

基于实例库的机械产品协同设计知识推送研究

知识推送是提高机械产品协同设计中知识获取效率的重要方式。通过分析机械产品协同设计中的知识内容及知识特点,研究了面向知识推送的机械产品协同设计知识库的构建;提出了一种基于实例库的知识推送方法,其推送思路是以设计实例检索触发,通过产品实例与其他知识的映射进行知识的推送;提出了机械产品协同设计知识推送的体系结构,并分析了其层次结构;研究了知识推送的流程及实现过程。     

A task-oriented modular and agent-based collaborative design mechanism for distributed product development

The rapid expansion of enterprises makes product collaborative design （PCD） a critical issue under the distributed heterogeneous environment, but as the collaborative task of large-scale network becomes more complicated, neither unified task decomposition and allocation methodology nor Agent-based network management platform can satisfy the increasing demands. In this paper, to meet requirements of PCD for distributed product development, a collaborative design mechanism based on the thought of modularity and the Agent technology is presented. First, the top-down 4-tier process model based on task-oriented modular and Agent is constructed for PCD after analyzing the mapping relationships between requirements and functions in the collaborative design. Second, on basis of sub-task decomposition for PCD based on a mixed method, the mathematic model of task-oriented modular based on multi-objective optimization is established to maximize the module cohesion degree and minimize the module coupling degree, while considering the module executable degree as a restriction. The mathematic model is optimized and simulated by the modified PSO, and the decomposed modules are obtained. Finally, the Agent structure model for collaborative design is put forward, and the optimism matching Agents are selected by using similarity algorithm to implement different task-modules by the integrated reasoning and decision-making mechanism with the behavioral model of collaborative design Agents. With the results of experimental studies for automobile collaborative design, the feasibility and efficiency of this methodology of task-oriented modular and Agent-based collaborative design in the distributed heterogeneous environment are verified. On this basis, an integrative automobile collaborative R＆D platform is developed. This research provides an effective platform for automobile manufacturing enterprises to achieve PCD, and helps to promote product numeralization collaborative R＆D and management development.     

A STEP AP224 agent-based early manufacturability assessment environment using XML

Early design assessment activities have a significant impact on reducing the cost of manufacture. The efficient utilisation of the product development time and the level of coordination of the early design activities between the major stakeholders are becoming key factors for success in manufacturing today. The paper reports on a new distributed early design manufacturability assessment methodology using collaborative autonomous agents. A product data model compliant with STEP AP224 and corresponding process and facility data models are proposed to support the decision-making process. XML was used as a medium for exchange of requests and information between design, manufacturing, and facility planning agents. A prototype Web-enabled system for rapid product manufacturability assessment in the extended enterprise has been developed using distributed multi-agent CORBA objects. The reported research is a step towards the development of a generic prototype tool for collaborative design evaluation and rapid assessment of the manufacturing feasibility and resource availability at different stages of the product development process.     

Conceptual design support system in a collaborative environment for injection moulding

The shortened time-to-market of new products requires experts from multiple disciplines to cooperate in product development. In this collaborative product development environment, an Internet-based conceptual design support system for Injection moulding is developed. It can help designers to put forward feasible design solutions quickly and provide strong support for collaborative design. The architecture, implementation and evaluation of this system are discussed in this paper. The proposed system makes fully use of component-based web technology and has a flexible distributed architecture. A hybrid neural network and genetic algorithm approach is also adopted for more accurate and efficient retrieval. Experiment results indicate it is superior to conventional systems in accuracy and time.     

Evaluation of design alternatives in collaborative development and production of modular products

In the globally competitive business environment, collaborative product development has become an important strategy for enterprises to reduce risks and enhance their competitiveness. The planning phase becomes more significant and complicated when utilizing external resources to determine a product solution to achieve customer satisfaction and business goals. The decision process for assessing design alternatives depends on the tradeoffs between quality, time, and cost. In this research, we propose a framework for collaborative product development and production of modular products. It aims at linking customer requirements, generating design alternatives, and then evaluating and selecting these choices to determine the optimum solution. They are considered from both design aspects and manufacturing concerns. Product strategy is discussed as the most important factor in the evaluation process. Further, a practical application of a system-on-a-chip product planning process was carried out to demonstrate the completeness and benefit of our proposed framework.     

多学科协同设计的约束网络模型研究

通过对多学科协同设计中约束特点的分析，提出了一种对产品进行多学科协同设计的约束网络模型，该模型从产品的组成和设计过程两方面多层次地将产品的各学科子模型关联起来。能够有效地支持产品多学科协同设计过程。给出了约束网络模型的表达方法，并以汽车离合器为例进行了实例分析。     

产品并行开发过程建模研究

并行工程的关键是对产品实行集成的并行开发,而产品并行开发过程模型是实现产品并行开发过程管理的 基础。本文从产品视图、功能视图、工作流程视图、组织视图、约束视图和资源视图多个侧面建立产品并行开发过程 集成模型,并详细研究了反映产品并行开发过程本质的组织视图、工作流程视图和约束视图模型的建立,建立了矩 阵式IPT组织模型以及产品并行开发工作流模型和多层约束网络模型。