肱骨头置换治疗老年人肱骨头粉碎性骨折

目的探讨人工肱骨头置换治疗老年人肱骨头粉碎性骨折的疗效。方法对13例肱骨头粉碎性骨折老年患者（〉75岁）均采用骨水泥型柄的非限制性人工肱骨头置换术。结果13例均获随访,时间3～25（12±4．5）个月。3例基本达到骨折前的状况,10例生活基本自理。结论人工肱骨头置换治疗肱骨头粉碎性骨折老年患者,可早期进行功能锻炼,减少并发症,改善生活质量,疗效满意。     

Revision of failed humeral head resurfacing arthroplasty

Purpose:The purpose of this study is to assess the outcomes of a consecutive series of patients who underwent revision surgery after humeral head resurfacing (HHR). Our joint registry was queried for all patients who underwent revision arthroplasty for failed HHR at our institution from 2005 to 2010. Eleven consecutive patients (average age 54 years; range 38-69 years) that underwent revision of 11 resurfacing arthroplasties were identified. The primary indication for resurfacing had been osteoarthritis in six, glenoid dysplasia in two, a chondral lesion in two, and postinstability arthropathy in one patient. The indication for revision was pain in 10 and infection in one patient. Seven patients had undergone an average of 1.9 surgeries prior to resurfacing (range 1-3).Results:At a mean follow-up of 3.5 years (range 1.6-6.9 years), modified Neer score was rated as satisfactory in five patients and unsatisfactory in six. Abduction and external rotation improved from 73° to 88° (P = 0.32) and from 23° to 32° (P = 0.28) respectively. Reoperation was required in two patients, including one hematoma and one revision for instability.Conclusion:Outcomes of revision of HHR arthroplasty in this cohort did not improve upon those reported for revision of stemmed humeral implants. A comparative study would be required to allow for definitive conclusions to be made.     

Thermal damage during humeral reaming in total shoulder resurfacing

Introduction:

Total shoulder resurfacing (TSR) provides a reliable solution for the treatment of glenohumeral arthritis. It confers a number of advantages over traditional joint replacement with stemmed humeral components, in terms of bone preservation and improved joint kinematics. This study aimed to determine if humeral reaming instruments produce a thermal insult to subchondral bone during TSR.

Patients and Methods:

This was tested in vivo on 13 patients (8 with rheumatoid arthritis and 5 with osteoarthritis) with a single reaming system and in vitro with three different humeral reaming systems on saw bone models. Real-time infrared thermal video imaging was used to assess the temperatures generated.

Results:

Synthes (Epoca) instruments generated average temperatures of 40.7°C (SD 0.9°C) in the rheumatoid group and 56.5°C (SD 0.87°C) in the osteoarthritis group (P = 0.001). Irrigation with room temperature saline cooled the humeral head to 30°C (SD 1.2°C). Saw bone analysis generated temperatures of 58.2°C (SD 0.79°C) in the Synthes (Epoca) 59.9°C (SD 0.81°C) in Biomet (Copeland) and 58.4°C (SD 0.88°C) in the Depuy Conservative Anatomic Prosthesis (CAP) reamers (P = 0.12).

Conclusion:

Humeral reaming with power driven instruments generates considerable temperatures both in vivo and in vitro. This paper demonstrates that a significant thermal effect beyond the 47°C threshold needed to induce osteonecrosis is observed with humeral reamers, with little variation seen between manufacturers. Irrigation with room temperature saline cools the reamed bone to physiological levels and should be performed regularly during this step in TSR.     

人工肱骨头置换治疗肱骨近端三、四部分骨折

目的探讨人工肱骨头置换治疗肱骨近端骨折,术中应注意的关键问题. 方法采用Thompson入路行人工肱骨头置换术23例. 术后随访6～36个月,平均随访21.1个月.用ASES评分对患肩进行术后功能评估.结果医师客观评定:全部患者肩关节活动明显改善,肌力恢复良好,肩关节稳定,5例轻压痛,1例发生撞击.患者主观评定:疼痛平均102分,肩关节稳定平均106分,完成10个日常生活动作22例,完成7个日常生活动作1例.复查X线片显示人工肱骨头位置良好,无假体松动,肱骨大、小结节骨折愈合. 结论术中肩周软组织保护及修复,人工肱骨头假体安装和肱骨大、小结节解剖重建是提高人工肱骨头置换术疗效的关键技术.     

肱骨头骨折伴肩关节脱位的外科治疗

目的分析不同手术方法治疗肱骨头骨折伴肩关节脱位的近期临床效果.方法采用可吸收螺钉结合减张缝合线固定修复、肱骨近端锁定钢板固定、人工肱骨头置换等治疗12例肱骨头骨折伴肩关节脱位患者。结果12例均获随访,时间10-16（13±1．8）个月.10例术后3个月骨折基本愈合,1例12个月出现假体松动伴骨融解,1例10个月出现肩关节半脱位.肩关节活动范围：屈129°±26°．伸32°±9°,展121°±16°,采用Neer评分标准评定治疗效果达（80±5）分.结论肱骨头骨折伴肩关节脱位需根据患者年龄、骨质条件、骨折类型等采用个体化的外科治疗,术后早期功能练习,可获得满意的近期临床效果.     

Intrathoracic displacement of the humeral head in a trauma patient

Fracture and intrathoracic displacement of the humeral head is the result of severe high energy trauma and are extremely rare. Because of the exceedingly limited number of cases, appropriate treatment modality remains unclear. Hitherto, we describe a unique case of thoracic aorta injury caused by fragmented humeral head. Purposeful medical examination and fast locating of the humeral head fragment are crucial for the selection of appropriate treatment modality. Early aggressive intervention, e.g., emergency thoracoscopy exploring, can be performed to treat potential thoracic complications.     

Osteochondral humeral head fracture after posterior shoulder subluxation: A case report

Traumatic posterior shoulder subluxations are rare entities which require clinical suspicion upon presentation. Although literature presents many sequels of posterior shoulder subluxations, we have not come across any shearing type osteochondral fracture in the literature. In this case report we present diagnosis, treatment and follow-up results of this rare fracture in a 26-year-old male following a fall from a motorcycle.     

The reverse shoulder prosthesis for primary and secondary treatment of proximal humeral fractures: a case report

Humeral head fractures are very common among elderly people, often requiring shoulder arthroplasty. One requirement for good function after shoulder arthroplasty is an intact or at least reparable rotator cuff. In patients with multifractured and or osteoporotic tuberosities, refixation leads to the potential risk of redislocation and resorption of the tuberosities or coexisting irreparable rotator cuff tears lead to a high failure rate after implantation of traditional fracture prosthesis, whereas the reverse shoulder arthroplasty may provide better outcome. Here we report of a 79-year-old woman, who fractured both humeral heads at different times. Her right side was treated with a fracture prosthesis, which had to be converted after 2 years to a reverse shoulder prosthesis. Because of coexisting irreversible rotator cuff tear accompanying the second humeral head fracture on her left side, this patient was primarily treated with a reverse shoulder prosthesis. During the most recent follow up, 33 months after reverse shoulder arthroplasty on the left side and 39 months on the right side, the age- and gender-adapted constant score was 88 compared to 59 on the right side. The primary or secondary implantation of the reverse shoulder prosthesis in proximal humeral fractures has to be planned carefully, since long-term results are still lacking and treatment options after failed reverse shoulder arthroplasty are few. Generally, primary implantation of traditional fracture prosthesis is indicated in most cases of humeral head fractures; but in carefully selected cases primary reverse shoulder arthroplasty may be superior and lead to better outcome. Therefore, future research should be conducted to find criteria where the reverse shoulder arthroplasty is indicated as first line treatment of proximal humeral head fractures in elderly patients.     

Periprosthetic humeral fracture after Copeland resurfacing and the role of revision arthroplasty: A report of three cases

Follow-up series of the Copeland resurfacing hemiarthroplasty have reported few postoperative fractures around the prosthesis. We report three cases of periprosthetic fracture around a Copeland resurfacing arthroplasty. Due to prosthetic loosening and tuberosity comminution, all cases were managed with revision shoulder arthroplasty. All patients had good functional outcome and range of movement on early follow-up.