浙江薹草属（莎草科）新分类群

摘要描述及图解了浙江薹草属Carex 5新种和1新变种,它们是：灰帽薹草组sect. Mitratae Kükenth.的天目山薹草Carex tianmushanica C. Z. Zheng & X. F. Jin和拟三穗薹草C. pseudotristachya X. F. Jin & C. Z. Zheng;匏囊薹草组sect. Lageniformes (Ohwi) Nelmes的密毛薹草C. densipilosa C. Z. Zheng & X. F. Jin;菱形果薹草组sect. Rhomboidales Kükenth.的浙南薹草C. austrozhejiangensis C. Z. Zheng & X. F. Jin和朝芳薹草C. chaofangii C. Z. Zheng & X. F. Jin;疏花薹草组sect. Laxiflorae Kunth的无芒长嘴薹草C. longerostrata C. A. Mey. var. exaristata X. F. Jin & C. Z. Zheng。     

浙江薹草属植物新记录

在整理和鉴定浙江薹草属植物的过程中,发现了一些地理分布的新记录。其中包括10种、1亚种,即宽叶薹草组的大舌薹草(Carex grandiligulata Ktlkenth．),灰帽薹草组的横纹薹草(Carex rugata Ohwi)和豌豆形薹草(Carex pisiformis Boott),胀囊薹草组的朝鲜薹草(Carex dickinsii Franch．),瘦果薹草组的宝华山薹草(Carex baohuashanica Tanget Wang ex L．K．Dai),硬毛果薹草组的疏果薹草(Carex hebecarpa C．A．Mey．),菱果薹草组的高氏薹草(Carex kaoi Tang et Wang ex S．Y．Liang)、根花薹草(Carex radiciyTora Dunn)、遵义薹草(Carex zunyiensis Tanget Wang)、弯柄薹草(Carex manca Boott)和九华薹草(Carex manca Boott ssp．jiuhuaensis(S．W．Su)S．Y．Liang)。     

浙江薹草属（莎草科）一新种——近头状薹草

报道了浙江薹草属一新种,即近头状薹草Carex subcapitata X.F.Jin,C.Z.Zheng&B.Y.Ding。新种以秆侧生,叶片狭,小穗1-2个生于各节及小穗雄雌顺序,而与大舌薹草C.grandiligulata K kenth.相近,区别在于苞鞘无毛,小穗宽卵形,近头状,长5-7mm,具4-7 朵雌花,雌花鳞片近卵形,果囊的喙长1.5-2mm。     

广西莎草科薹草属植物小志

薹草属(Carex L.)是广西物种多样性丰富的大属，目前记录的物种达100种，然而广西薹草属植物资源仍然不清楚，缺乏系统的调查与研究。该文基于馆藏薹草属植物标本鉴定，文献收集整理和野外调查等基础上，对广西薹草属植物的前期研究进行系统的梳理，对广西薹草属植物物种编目简况进行了概述；另外，广西薹草属植物特有性高，通过对16个模式标本采自广西的类群进行系统梳理，考证其模式产地准确性，补充分布信息，确定目前广西特有薹草属植物共8种；报道了广西薹草属植物8个新记录种，即禾状薹草(C.alopecuroides D. Don)、仲氏薹草(C.chungii Z. P. Wang)、糙毛囊薹草(C.hirtiutriculata L. K. Dai)、秆叶薹草(C.insignis Boott)、云雾薹草(C.nubigena D. Don)、仙台薹草(C.sendaica Franch.)、伴生薹草(C.sociata Boott)、横果薹草(C.transversa Boott),提供其形态特征集要与凭证标本照片，并对广西薹草属植物的多样性、特有性、地理分布以及资源潜在利用价值等进行了讨论，该...     

浙江薹草属植物新记录

在整理和鉴定浙江薹草属植物的过程中,发现了一些地理分布的新记录.其中包括10种、1亚种,即宽叶薹草组的大舌薹草(Carex grandiligulata Kükenth.),灰帽薹草组的横纹薹草(Carex rugata Ohwi)和豌豆形薹草(Carex pisiformis Boott),胀囊薹草组的朝鲜薹草(Carex dickinsii Franch.),瘦果薹草组的宝华山薹草(Carex baohuashanica Tang et Wang ex L. K. Dai),硬毛果薹草组的疏果薹草(Carex hebecarpa C. A. Mey.),菱果薹草组的高氏薹草(Carex kaoi Tang et Wang ex S. Y. Liang)、根花薹草(Carex radiciflora Dunn)、遵义薹草(Carex zunyiensis Tang et Wang)、弯柄薹草(Carex manca Boott)和九华薹草(Carex manca Boott ssp. jiuhuaensis (S. W. Su) S. Y. Liang).     

中国广西薹草属(莎草科)一新种——大苗山薹草

描述了我国广西大苗山莎草科Cyperaceae一新种——大苗山薹草Carex damiaoshanensis X. F. Jin ＆ C. Z. Zheng。本种形态上与花葶薹草C. scaposa C. B. Clarke接近, 区别主要在秆、秆生叶和支花序轴均无毛, 支花序数较少, 小穗疏生雌花。对秆、支花序梗、秆生叶和小坚果扫描电镜观察也显示了这二者的区别。     

中国莎草科一新记录种——菊芳薹草

报道了中国莎草科(Cyperaceae)薹草属一新记录种——菊芳薹草(Carex trongii K.K.Nguyen)。该种分布于我国广西与越南交界地区的石灰岩地区。菊芳薹草与宽叶薹草组(Carex sect.Siderostictae Ohwi)的种类在形态上近似,但以秆中生和果囊密被糙毛而易于区别。提供了菊芳薹草的形态描述和线条图。     

中国薹草属二柱薹草亚属（莎草科）增补

报道了发现于新疆布尔津的一个中国新记录种——卵形薹草Carex leporina L.,提供了其形态描述和线描图。该种因具有雌雄顺序的小穗和鳞片状的苞片而与卵果薹草C. maackii Maxim.近缘,但花序较短、小穗较少而与后者不同。这两种植物隶属于薹草属二柱薹草亚属卵形薹草组subgen. Vignea sect. Ovales。     

中国薹草属(莎草科)研究随记(Ⅳ).隐匿薹草组的分类修订(英文)

隐匿薹草组(Carex sect.Infossae)为最近建立的薹草属(Carex)的组,当时报导分布于我国安徽和江苏,有2种和1变种,即隐匿薹草(C.infossa)、显穗薹草(变种)(C.infossa var.extensa)和矮秆薹草(C.minuticulmis)。根据描述,另有15种和2变种应归属本组,这些分类群具有较为一致的特征:果囊椭圆球状卵球形或卵球形,通常疏被短毛或近无毛,先端渐狭成中等长的喙,喙口具2小齿;瘦果卵球形,先端钝或微凹。通过文献考证、标本查阅、野外采集,并结合果囊和瘦果的扫描电镜观察,对隐匿薹草组所涉及的种(含种下类群)进行了分类修订。该组仅有2种:百里薹草(C.blinii)和尖叶薹草(C.oxyphylla)。将Carex elmeri、C.granifera、矮秆薹草(C.minuticulmis)、上海薹草(C.shanghaiensis C.blinii subsp.shanghaiensis)、C.sublateralis、C.taihokuensis和锐果薹草(C.tatsutakensis)并入百里薹草;将沟囊薹草(C.canaliculata)、樟木薹草(C.changmuensis)、C.distantiflora、隐匿薹草(C.infossa)、显穗薹草(C.infossa var.extensa)、C.lateralis、C.loheri、无芒长嘴薹草(C.longerostrata var.exaristata)、城湾薹草(C.longerostrata var.hoi)、C.lyi、和平菱果薹草(C.macrandrolepis)和C.sharyotensis并入尖叶薹草。     

宁夏4种新记录植物（二）

报道了宁夏4个新记录种——野豌豆(Vicia sepium L.)、小花柳叶菜(Epilobium parviflorum Schreb.)、长嘴薹草(Carex longerostrata C.A.Mey.)、狭盖粉背蕨(Aleuritopteris stenochlamys Ching ex S.K.Wu)。对于补充完善宁夏植物资源,研究宁夏植物区系有重要意义。     

山东苔草属一新种

本文发表苔草属一新种, 即青岛苔草Carex qingdaoensis F.Z.Li et S.J.Fan.     

长白山区苔草泥炭沼泽植物物种多样性

本研究以长白山区典型苔草沼泽为对象,分析了密丛型苔草(瘤囊苔草、乌拉草)沼泽和疏丛型苔草(毛苔草)沼泽的植物物种多样性。结果表明: 3种苔草沼泽植物群落共有83个物种,隶属于36科59属。其中,乌拉草沼泽有71个物种,瘤囊苔草沼泽有61个物种,毛苔草沼泽有26个物种。密丛型苔草沼泽植物物种数和物种丰富度明显高于疏丛型苔草沼泽,且密丛型苔草沼泽草丘位置的物种数和物种丰富度均显著高于丘间位置;草丘的物种丰富度与草丘的高度、基面积和表面积均呈显著正相关,说明草丘对苔草沼泽的物种多样性维持功能具有重要作用。典范对应分析表明,草丘和丘间的水分、养分(有机碳、总氮、总磷、碳氮比)及枯落物厚度的差异是影响物种组成的主要环境因素。在密丛型苔草沼泽中,草丘微地貌主要通过增加表面积和生境异质性来促进沼泽植物物种多样性维持功能。鉴于其较高的物种多样性维持功能,密丛型苔草可以作为退化泥炭沼泽植被恢复的优选物种。     

横断山区的湖泊植被

横断山区海拔4200米以上的高原面上分布着数以百计的冰蚀湖泊;4000米以下的山地有十余个断陷构造湖。湖泊中发育着独具特色的水生植被,本文据1976—1985年的实地调查,对横断山脉主要湖泊的生态地理学特征作了分析。共划分出41个相当于群系的群落类型,其中沉水群落就有18个。与长江中下游的大型浅水湖相比,这里的群落类型多样,地理成分复杂。群落分布区类型计有6个,兼有世界广布、旧世界热带分布、北温带分布、东亚分布和北极高山分布的。此外,高山水菲是浮叶水马齿群落等仅为横断山区亚高山和高山地带所特有。横断山区湖泊植被具明显的垂直地带性。根据湖泊群落组成、结构和生态环境的差异,可以划分出5个湖泊植被带,即I.山地亚热带;Ⅱ．山地暖温带;III．高山寒温带;Ⅳ 高山寒带和V．极高山冰雪带。最后,本文报道了横断山区亚高山带和高山带湖泊中杉藻群落,高山水菲群落等8个类型的组成和结构。     

A New Section and a New Species of Carex from Anhui,China

One new section and one new species of the genus Carex (Cyperaceae) are described from Anhui Province, China. i. e. Sect. Cyclostyliferae and Carex shuchengensis S. W. Su et Q. Zhang.     

The uptake of phosphate by Carex species from oligotrophic to eutrophic swamp habitats

Abstract Phosphate uptake by excised roots of Carex species from a range of oligotrophic to eutrophic swamps was investigated. The range of species from oligotrophic to eutrophic is: C.rostrata Stokes, C.limosa L., C.lasiocarpa Ehrh., C.diandra Schrank, C.hudsonii A.Benn. and C.acutiformis Ehrh. All species showed two phases for P_i uptake in the P_i concentration range of 0.01 – 50 μM. In phase 1, C.rostrata and C.lasiocarpa had relatively high Vmax:s and Km:s, whereas the species from richer areas had intermediate values. The lowest Vmax and Km values were found in C.limosa and C.hudsonii. In phase 2, apart from the high Vmax and Km values found for C.lasiocarpa, the kinetic constants showed little variation, indicating a similar P_i carrier mechanism for all the species. Results on phosphate uptake and leakage are discussed against the phosphate requirement of each species in its specific habitat, and against the literature data of agricultural crops, which generally show a much lower affinity for phosphate uptake.     

Responses to mineral nutrient availability and heterogeneity in physiologically integrated sedges from contrasting habitats

Clonal plants from poor habitats benefit less from morphologically plastic responses to heterogeneity than plants from more productive sites. In addition, physiological integration has been suggested to either increase or decrease the foraging efficiency of clonal plants. We tested the capacity for biomass production and morphological response in two closely related, rhizomatous species from habitats that differ in resource availability, Carex arenaria (from poor sand dunes) and C. disticha (from nutrient-richer, moister habitats). We expected lower total biomass production and reduced morphological plasticity in C. arenaria, and that both species would produce more ramets in high nutrient patches, either in response to signals transported through physiological integration, or by locally determined responses to nutrient availability. To investigate mineral nutrient heterogeneity, plants were grown in boxes divided into two compartments with homogeneous or heterogeneous supply of high (H) or low (L) nutrient levels, resulting in four treatments, H-H, H-L, L-H and L-L. Both C. arenaria and C. disticha produced similar biomass in high nutrient treatments. C. disticha responded to high nutrients by increased biomass production and branching of the young parts and by altering root:shoot ratio and rhizome lengths, while C. arenaria showed localised responses to high nutrients in terms of local biomass and branch production in high nutrient patches. The results demonstrated that although it has a conservative morphology, C. arenaria responded to nutrient heterogeneity through morphological plasticity. An analysis of costs and benefits of integration on biomass production showed that young ramets of both species benefited significantly from physiological integration, but no corresponding costs were found. This suggests that plants from resource-poor but dynamic habitats like sand dunes respond morphologically to high nutrient patches. The two species responded to nutrient heterogeneity in different traits, and this is discussed in terms of local and distant signalling of plant status.     

莎草科薹草属黑穗薹草组的植物地理学讨论

根据黑穗薹草组植物的外部形态、细胞染色体特征与地理分布之间的关系,结合地质历史事件推测了黑穗薹草组Sect.Racemosae G.Don.的起源、进化和迁移等问题。推测黑穗薹草组可能在早第三纪的始新世起源于我国的喜马拉雅-横断山地区;可能的迁移路径为：由起源中心向北部迁移至欧洲、中亚、俄罗斯西伯利亚地区,并通过格陵兰岛和白令陆桥到达北美洲地区;经过第四纪冰川后,一些分布于北美洲的物种又通过白令陆桥回迁到亚洲东部的俄罗斯远东地区,最终形成该组植物的现代分布格局。     

中国苔草属的新分类群

1.密丛苔草 新种 图1:1—4 Carex densicaespitosa L. K. Dai, sp. nov. Species C. udae Maxim. affinis differt spiculis cylindricis 2. 5—3 cm longis, utriculissuberectis demum nec reflexis acute trigoni 6 mm longis.     

Species dependent root decomposition in rewetted fen soils

Experiments in a rewetted fen show large differences in root decomposition rates among Phragmites australis, Carex paniculata, and Carex riparia. With equal water table fluctuations no differences in decomposition were observed in the two rewetting variants, with temporary standing and constantly flowing water. The marked differences among species are therefore attributed to differences in plant material quality, though C/N ratio is shown not to be of main influence. Based on low decomposition rates, Phragmites australis proved the species most suitable for (renewed) peat accumulation under sufficient wet conditions. This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

苔草属果实表皮的超微结构及其在分类学上的意义

报道了国产苔草属,两亚属,７组中的１６种植物在电子显微镜下果实表皮的特征和研究结果。根据种内个体间、组内种间以及亚属间的比较,作者认为在苔草属中,果实表皮显微特征在种内个体间比较稳定,变异很上;同组内种间表现出的较大相似性和不同组间存在的一定差异性。说明在组和组下等级的分类学处理以及在系统位置和亲缘关系的探讨上,果实显微特征具有重要的分类学价值。同时由于是微特征在各间甚至属间相互交叉和渗透,在划分