Telecommunications standardization for the new millennium: ITU-T'sstrategies

After reviewing the environmental changes in telecommunications and the market trend toward global convergence, this article examines the evolution of the standards-making process, especially from an ITU's perspective. Projects on IP-based networks and their interworking with the telecommunication networks and MEDIA-COM 2004 are then treated from the viewpoint of the final convergence toward a worldwide global information infrastructure     

Cooperation in standardization

Global collaboration on standards has become essential with the accelerating deregulation of telecommunications. The telecommunications industry is rapidly evolving from the plain old telephone service (POTS) era of the last 100 years into a sophisticated multimedia era. Organizational and operational structures are also rapidly changing worldwide, and standards-making procedures and organizational structures are changing accordingly. In this article, a fresh development in setting telecommunications standards is introduced, one that mainly concerns the Interregional Telecommunications Standards Conference (ITSC) and its successor, the Global Standards Collaboration (GSC), which could well be called the ``Standards Summit.' The relationship between ITSC/GSC and IEEE activities are also be addressed     

EMC regulations within Europe

As part of the process of harmonisation of technical standards needed to achieve the single European market in 1992, the European Commission has proposed a directive on EMC. The author describes the requirements contained within the proposal and, since the proposal will refer to European standards for technical requirements, a brief outline of the standards-making procedure is included     

Standardization on multimedia communications:computer-telephony-integration-related issues

Computer-telephony integration (CTI) has been developed since the 1960s. It is one of the major emerging multimedia communications applications. It provides enhanced telecommunications services controlled by a computer, that is by integrating the call handling capabilities of PBXs and the data processing capabilities of computers. CTI applications have become more popular and widespread with the rapid and deep penetration of personal computers and the dramatic growth of the Internet since the mid-1990s. CTI applications are being enhanced by means of more integration with Internet capabilities. Several standardization organizations and fora/consortia are developing standards/specifications for CTI in order to cope with the growing demand for multimedia communications. This article describes a brief historical sketch and the state of the art of CTI-related standards and specifications, which are still being developed     

The European perspective for telecommunication standards

The European Telecommunications Standards Institute is guiding the continent-wide progress toward a unified telecommunications market. The objective of the Institute is to produce the technical standards which are necessary to achieve a large unified European telecommunications market. Further, the principal role of the Institute is technical prestandardization and standardization at the European level in the following fields: areas common to telecommunications and information technology subject to decisions by the Information Technology Steering Committee (ITSTC); and areas common to telecommunications and sound and TV broadcasting in cooperation with other organizations such as the European Broadcasting Union. The activities of the Institute build upon worldwide standards, existing or in preparation, and contribute to the production of harmonized new worldwide standards in the same fields     

New concept and hierarchy for telecommunications standards

The factors leading to the formulation of standards to meet the rapid expansion of telecommunications in China are discussed. The categories chosen for the standards and their use in managing the deployment of telecommunications networks in China are described. The standards development approach used creates standards that involve the adoption of a layered approach to networking and the definition of sets of open standards for each of these layers. The resulting integrated network is divided into three layers: the bearer layer, support layer, and service layer. To provide this layered approach, four types of telecommunications standards, appropriate to the functional needs of organizations using the standards, have been developed. The four functional types are: telecommunications basic technical standards, engineering and construction standards, operations and maintenance standards, and telecommunications general standards     

Coordinating global standards and market demands

The telecommunications infrastructure is becoming more commonly recognized as a key factor in socioeconomic development, and as an important business requirement to successfully compete in the global market. The need for highly integrated, complex, effective solutions, in a timely manner, has stimulated changes in the standards setting environment. These changes include rapid standards development, effective reorganization, and the implementation of electronic data handling systems. This overview of the global standards environment provides an illustration of the recent changes in the international, regional, and national arenas. The need for conformity of communication products with these global standards has never been greater. This is mandated by the need for greater production quantities to justify costly complex system development, as well as a ubiquitous solution for a worldwide network. The trend that telecommunications systems are becoming larger, more sophisticated, and more integrated makes the development of the systems and standards more difficult and time consuming. This is providing a challenge to the standards community, since they need to develop effective standards rapidly     

The impact of US-Japan telecommunications trade upon Japanese Information Infrastructure development

This article analyzes the impact of US-Japan telecommunications trade upon the development of the Japanese Information Infrastructure. The current telecommunications trade conflict between the two countries does not pay attention to an essential aspect; technology standards, arguing only national, self-centered, and short-range perspectives on bilateral trade. This article will open up a global perspective regarding bilateral trade, telecommunications infrastructure development, and government/business relationship. Our conceptual framework and empirical evidence will serve as a basis for not only the underlying essence of the bilateral telecommunications trade dispute, but also for discussing the nature of government/business relationships in the global information technology era.     

Broad-Band Systems Standards

The broad-band communications industry is small and fractionated (about 3100 cable television systems serving 8.5 million subscribers in the U.S.), but has a high potential for growth by offering a wide variety of communications services. If this large number of systems is to collectively provide nationwide services, performance and interconnection standards will be essential. In this paper we note relevant existing standards and examine highlights of ongoing standards-making activities.     

加快海南电信事业发展促进海南国民经济信息化

海南自１９８８年来建省以来，经过８年努力，一改过去通信落后的面貌，网络规模，技术层次，服务水平都跃入全国先进行列。“九五”电信发展序幕已经拉开，今后的发展重点和工作方针已经确立，实施方案具体而详尽；提高电信网综合能力和技术层次，提高服务质量和服务水平，发展业务，开拓市场，采取措施加强维护管理方方面面齐头并进。     

Global standards [telecommunications]

The economic interests of the telecommunications industry are increasingly dependent on global markets. This globalization is in great measure due to the past successes of the industry's efforts to provide global information movement and management (GIM and M) services through facilitating compatible national and international standards. The provision of ever-improving GIM and M services based on widely implemented global standards is essential to both the telecommunication service industry and the vast array of businesses using these services. Increasingly, "taking care of business"' will involve global standards that facilitate use of the best technology to achieve responsive, flexible (user-friendly), manageable, information movement between and among points distributed around the globe as determined by the needs of customers of these services     

Architectural aspects for the evolution of mobile communicationstoward UMTS

The transition from second- to third-generation mobile systems and the evolution paths of the relevant radio/network configurations are driven by technical and market considerations. In fact, these are affecting the standardization and research process ongoing at the regional level (ETSI, ACTS Program, US Joint Technical Committee, Japanese ARIB) as well as the global level (ITU). The related discussion is becoming more and more meaningful for operators and manufacturers who are perceiving, on the one hand, the new perspectives associated with service, features, and bandwidth management evolution, and on the other hand, the great impact that such an evolution could have on the existing market scenario and system development plans. In addition, due to the widespread usage of GSM worldwide, this system should also be considered within the evolution scenarios toward third generation. This paper analyzes the situation emerging from the standards context, identifies some key characteristics associated with current proposals, and tries to define a possible third-generation systems architecture based on the most encouraging propositions, e.g., the separation of radio-dependent and independent functions and the integration with B-ISDN. The paper rationale and the identified solutions reflect the research activities within the ACTS project RAINBOW (radio access independent broad band on wireless), addressing architectural solutions for UMTS (universal mobile telecommunications system), the European developing standard for third-generation systems     

International standards in radio communication

A REVIEW is given of some of the international technical standards activities and Recommendations of the International Radio Consultative Committee (CCIR) for radio communications. A new Recommendation for the digital coding of television signals provides a basis for a single world standard for video signals in broadcasting studios, recording, and exchange of programs. Work is underway on high-definition television and a standard for satellite direct broadcasting downlink. Fixed satellite earth-station antenna standards (developed earlier), and performance criteria for satellite links in the integrated services digital network are being improved. Digital microwave radio relay standards include allowable bit error ratio, channel arrangements, and baseband interconnection. Mobile service Recommendations include system standards for VHF/UHF automated radiotelephony, a future global maritime distress and safety system, and radio paging codes and formats. Standards for the use of ARQ in HF and maritime communications, and the use of Universal Coordinated Time (UTC) in international telecommunications, are based on CCIR Recommendations.     

Supporting applications with network intelligence and B-ISDN

The year 2000 is swiftly approaching and, with all the expectations it brings, many telcos are gearing up to provide telecommunications networks that will satisfy the majority of demands that new feature-rich applications will place upon them. To some people, supporting application requirements for a telecommunications netwrok might mean adding more intelligence to the network. Others may crave to transmit data at faster speeds, communicate more freely on the move, or be able to mix and match the appropriate network infrastructure as they, or their applications, choose to do so. These diverse application requirements are shaping the strategies being pursued by telcos to deliver integrated telecommunications networks for the next millennium. After looking back at some of the developments taking place within the broadband and network intelligence domains, this paper summarises some of the application and service requirements that must be addressed when building future telecommunications networks. From the plethora of technical proposals aimed at developing the necessary environment to fulfil these requirements, this article explores the alternatives. Of course, for all of these alternative routes there will be many questions, technical or otherwise, that yet remain unanswered. Some of these issues will be discussed and various options will be considered to provoke thought or socialise possible solutions.     

A US perspective on standards development

The foundation for the interconnected society of the 21st century is being built today. The key to having this become a reality is the availability of compatible national, regional, and global communications standards. Committee T1 Telecommunications has played increasing important standards development roles in the US and global telecommunications industries. Committee Tl's dual roles of a US standards developer and an initiator of global standards harmonization contribute to satisfying the users' desires that it be as easy to communicate across the country or around the world as it is to communicate across the street. The key technologies of asynchronous transfer mode (ATM), personal communications services (PCS), and synchronous optical network (SONET) are but a few of the topics for which standards have been developed in Committee T1, and for which standardization of extensions and enhancements continue. These areas have also been among the topics Committee T1 has targeted for standards harmonization     

ETSI披露LTE专利分析

近年来,随着LTE标准的推进以及商用网络的推广,LTE相关专利数量年年攀升,专利质量却难免参差不齐。整体来讲,在欧洲电信标准化协会（ETSI）披露的LTE专利大部分都属于比较核心的专利,与标准的相关度也更显密切。根据各企业在ETSI披露的专利统计分析,美国企业在LTE领域的专利优势依然存在,韩国的三星和LG也不容忽视,我国的华为和中兴发展较快但还有一定的差距。     

CITEL: formulating telecommunications in the Americas

The Inter-American Telecommunication Commission (CITEL) is an entity of the Organization of American States (OAS), established by the General Assembly, in accordance with Article 52 of the Charter of the Organization. The main objectives as described by its statute are: to facilitate and promote the continuing development of telecommunications in this hemisphere; to promote and foster the existence of appropriate telecommunications for the process of regional development; to promote the adoption of uniform technical standards; to promote and study technical assistance in agreement with the governments of the countries concerned; and to foster the improvement and harmonization of administrative, financial, and operational procedures for planning, installation, improvement, maintenance, and operation of the telecommunication networks of the Member States of CITEL within the framework of the recommendations of the International Telecommunications Union (ITU)     

运营网络的安全考虑

运营网络是用户业务的基础通信设施。运营网络的安全在很大程度上直接影响到用户业务的安全，对运营网络和用户网络进行合理的安全分工和范围界定是提高安全成本效益、减少安全盲区的前提。本从基础安全服务、增值安全服务及运营网络的自身安全等三个方面对运营网络的安全进行了分析，并期盼运营网络在信息网络的安全标准、技术和市场导向方面发挥重要的引领和推动作用。     

Trends in the standardization of telecommunications on GII,multimedia, and other network technologies and services

Global standardization is becoming more and more important in achieving a global information infrastructure (GII). Telecommunication and information standardization organizations such as the International Telecommunications Union (ITU) and International Organization for Standardization/International Electrotechnical Commission (ISO/IEC) Joint Technical Committee (JTC) have each set up special groups to focus on determining standards for GII. This article presents the activities of these organizations as they relate to GII. It also reviews the current status of standards for multimedia, asynchronous transfer mode (ATM)/broadband integrated services digital network (B-ISDN), Universal Personal Telecommunications (UPT), Future Public Land Mobile Telecommunication System (FPLMTS), and telecommunications management network (TMN), which are all key elements in GII     

A framework for standardization in telecommunications andinformation technology

Standards are technical products that demand a sophisticated level of strategic planning, extensive technical preparation, and superb interpersonal skills, particularly at the international level. Three tools are presented to understand how these factors interact with each other in the case of telecommunications and information technology standards. These tools can improve decisions regarding the timing of standardization, the level of detail a standard should include, and the measures of quality of the final product