微波芯片倒装金凸点热疲劳可靠性分析及优化

为了满足射频系统小型化的需求,提出了一种基于硅基板的微波芯片倒装封装结构,解决了微波芯片倒装背金接地的问题.使用球栅阵列(BGA)封装分布为周边型排列的GaAs微波芯片建立了三维有限元封装模型,研究了微波芯片倒装封装结构在-55～125℃热循环加载下金凸点上的等效总应变分布规律,同时研究了封装尺寸因素对于金凸点可靠性的影响.通过正交试验设计,研究了凸点高度、凸点直径以及焊料片厚度对凸点可靠性的影响程度.结果表明:金凸点离芯片中心越近,其可靠性越差.上述各结构尺寸因素对凸点可靠性影响程度的主次顺序为:焊料片厚度＞金凸点直径＞金凸点高度.因此,在进行微波芯片倒装封装结构设计时,应尽可能选择较薄的共晶焊料片来保证金凸点的热疲劳可靠性.     

基于热-结构耦合的3D-TSV互连结构的应力应变分析

建立了3D-TSV(硅通孔)互连结构三维有限元分析模型,对该模型进行了热-结构耦合条件下的应力应变有限元分析,研究了TSV高度和直径对3D-TSV互连结构温度场分布及应力应变的影响。结果表明:随着TSV高度和直径的增大,3D-TSV叠层芯片封装整体、焊球、间隔层、芯片和TSV及微凸点处的最高温度均逐渐降低,TSV高度和直径的增加在一定程度上有利于降低封装体各部分最高温度;随着TSV高度的增加,TSV及微凸点互连结构内的应力应变呈增大趋势。     

塑封倒装焊焊点开裂分析及改善研究

随着科技的发展,半导体元器件小型化、高性能、轻量化的需求日益迫切,塑封倒装焊技术得到了广泛应用。因为基板的易形变性及各封装材料间的热膨胀系数不匹配,焊点开裂成为影响封装可靠性的重要因素之一。为了研究倒装焊产品在封装制程中焊点开裂的失效原因,利用有限元分析（ANSYS）软件建立倒装焊塑封封装体有限元模型,模拟回流焊过程中的塑封基板形变与凸点应力分布,并分析焊点开裂失效的原因。结果表明,在回流焊过程中,基板形变量大于裸芯,外围凸点倾斜较大,承受的应力及应变能最大,外沿凸点为最易失效点,采用加载具作业可显著降低失效风险。     

柔性凸点热-结构耦合应力应变有限元分析

建立了芯片尺寸封装焊点的柔性凸点三维有限元分析(FEA)模型,对该模型进行了热-结构耦合有限元分析,研究了热-结构耦合条件下柔性凸点温度场和应力应变的分布规律,对比了有无柔性层结构的凸点内应力应变的大小,分析了柔性层厚度、上下焊盘直径对柔性凸点应力应变的影响。结果表明:柔性层结构有效降低了凸点内的应力应变;随着柔性层厚度的增加,凸点内最大应力应变减小;随上焊盘和下焊盘直径的增加,凸点内最大应力应变的变化无明显规律。     

3D堆叠封装硅通孔结构的电-热-结构耦合分析

硅通孔(TSV)技术作为三维封装的关键技术,其可靠性问题受到广泛的关注。基于ANSYS平台,通过有限元方法,对3D堆叠封装的TSV模型进行了电-热-结构耦合分析,并进一步研究了不同的通孔直径、通孔高度以及介质隔离层SiO_2厚度对TSV通孔的电流密度、温度场及热应力分布的影响。结果表明:在TSV/微凸点界面的拐角处存在较大的电流密度和等效应力,容易引起TSV结构的失效;增大通孔直径、减小通孔长度可以提高TSV结构的电-热-机械可靠性;随着SiO_2层厚度的增加,通孔的最大电流密度增大而最大等效应力减小,需要综合考虑合理选择SiO_2层厚度。     

超薄芯片叠层封装器件热可靠性分析

采用通用有限元软件MSC.Marc,模拟分析了一种典型的多层超薄芯片叠层封装器件在经历回流焊载荷后的热应力及翘曲分布情况,研究了部分零件厚度变化对器件中叠层超薄芯片翘曲、热应力的影响。结果表明:在整个封装体中,热应力最大值(116.2 MPa)出现在最底层无源超薄芯片上,结构翘曲最大值(0.028 26 mm)发生于模塑封上部边角处。适当增大模塑封或底层无源芯片的厚度或减小底充胶的厚度可以减小叠层超薄芯片组的翘曲值;适当增大底层无源超薄芯片的厚度(例如0.01 mm),可以明显减小其本身的应力值10 MPa以上。     

三维堆叠封装TSV互连结构热扭耦合应力分析与优化

建立了三维硅通孔(TSV)芯片垂直堆叠封装结构有限元分析模型,对模型在热扭耦合加载下进行了仿真分析;分析了TSV材料参数与结构参数对TSV互连结构热扭耦合应力的影响;采用了响应面与模拟退火算法对在热扭耦合加载下TSV互连结构参数进行优化设计。结果表明：TSV互连结构最大热扭耦合应力应变位于铜柱与微凸点接触面外侧;微凸点材料为SAC387时,TSV互连结构热扭耦合应力最大,该应力随SiO₂层厚度的增大而增大,随铜柱直径的增大而先增大后减小,随铜柱高度的增大而减小;最优参数水平组合为铜柱直径50μm、铜柱高度85μm、SiO₂层厚度3μm,优化后的最大热扭耦合应力下降了5.3%。     

用于不同体态芯片互连的凸点制备及性能表征

随着轻量化、小型化及模块功能多样化的发展,由二维平面到三维高度上的先进封装技术应运而生.微凸点作为实现芯片到圆片异构集成的关键结构,可有效缩短信号传输距离,提升芯片性能.利用电沉积法在Si基板上以Cu作支撑层、Ni作阻挡层淀积微米级别的Au/Sn凸点,所制得的多层凸点直径约60 μ.m、高度约54 μ.m,其高度可控、...     

一种新型FC和WLP的柔性凸点技术

FC(倒装片)和WLP(圆片级封装)均要在圆片上制作各类凸点,它们与基板焊接互连后,由于各材料间的热失配可能造成凸点——基板间互连失效,从而影响了器件的可靠性和使用寿命。解决这一问题的通常做法是对芯片凸点与基板间进行下填充。本文介绍的柔性凸点技术是在焊球下面增加一层具有弹性的柔性材料,当器件工作产生热失配时,由于柔性材料的自由伸缩,将大大减小以至消除各材料间的失配应力,使芯片凸点与基板下即使不加下填充,也能达到器件稳定、长期、可靠地工作的目的。     

倒装焊器件尺寸参数对低k层及焊点的影响

当前。集成电路制造中低k介质与铜互连集成工艺的引入已经成为一种趋势,因此分析封装器件中低矗结构的可靠性是很有必要的。利用有限元软件分析了倒装焊器件的尺寸参数对低k层及焊点的影响。结果表明：减薄芯片,减小PI层厚度,增加焊点高度,增加焊盘高度,减小基板厚度能够缓解低k层上的最大等效应力;而减薄芯片,增加PI层厚度,增加焊点高度,减小焊盘高度,减小基板厚度能够降低焊点的等效塑性应变。     

Cost-effective test solutions for smart card and other integrated flash applications

From its emergence in the late 1980s as a lower cost alternative to early EEPROM technologies, flash memory has evolved to higher densities and speedsand rapidly growing acceptance in mobile applications.In the process, flash memory devices have placed increased test requirements on manufacturers. Today, as flash device test grows in importance in China, manufacturers face growing pressure for reduced cost-oftest, increased throughput and greater return on investment for test equipment. At the same time, the move to integrated flash packages for contactless smart card applications adds a significant further challenge to manufacturers seeking rapid, low-cost test.     

An improved parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations

The parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations is improved in this paper. By analyzing the notions of connected components and passes, a conclusion is drawn that the number of passes and the number of eight-connected components are equal. Then the expression of the number of eight-connected components is obtained which replaces the old one in the algorithm. And a reserving condition is proposed by experiments, which alleviates the excess deletion where a diagonal line and a beeline intersect. The experimental results demonstrate that the thinned curve is almost located in the middle of the original curve connectivelv with single pixel width and the processing speed is high.     

Theoretical analysis of the relationship between the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain in the optical-fiber sensors

The relation between the power of the Brillouin signal and the strain is one of the bases of the distributed fiber sensors of temperature and strain. The coefficient of the Bfillouin gain can be changed by the temperature and the strain that will affect the power of the Brillouin scattering. The relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is thought to be linear by many researchers. However, it is not always linear based on the theoretical analysis and numerical simulation. Therefore, errors will be caused if the relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is regarded as to be linear approximately for measuring the temperature and the strain. For this reason, the influence of the parameters on the Brillouin gain coefficient is proposed through theoretical analysis and numerical simulation.     

Novel fiber-optical interferometer with miniaturized probe for in-hole measurements

Today, micro-system technology and the development of new MEMS （Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems） are emerging rapidly. In order for this development to become a success in the long run, measurement systems have to ensure product quality. Most often, MEMS have to be tested by means of functionality or destructive tests. One reason for this is that there are no suitable systems or sensing probes available which can be used for the measurement of quasi inaccessible features like small holes or cavities. We present a measurement system that could be used for these kinds of measurements. The system combines a fiber optical, miniaturized sensing probe with low-coherence interferometry, so that absolute distance measurements with nanometer accuracy are possible.     

Teleportation of an arbitrary unknown N-qubit entangled state under the controlling of M controllers

A new quantum protocol to teleport an arbitrary unknown N-qubit entangled state from a sender to a fixed receiver under M controllers(M < N) is proposed. The quantum resources required are M non-maximally entangled Greenberger-Home-Zeilinger (GHZ) state and N-M non-maximally entangled Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) pairs. The sender performs N generalized Bell-state measurements on the 2N particles. Controllers take M single-particle measurement along x-axis, and the receiver needs to introduce one auxiliary two-level particle to extract quantum information probabilistically with the fidelity unit if controllers cooperate with it.     

Diode-end-pumped Nd:YVO4/LBO lasers with 4.2W continuous-wave output at 457 nm

A continuous-wave (CW) 457 nm blue laser operating at the power of 4.2 W is demonstrated by using a fiber coupled laser diode module pumped Nd: YVO4 and using LBO as the intra-cavity SHG crystal With the optimization of laser cavity and crystal parameters, the laser operates at a very high efficiency. When the pumping power is about 31 W, the output at 457nm reaches 4.2 W, and the optical to optical conversion efficiency is about 13.5% accordingly. The stability of the out putpower is better than 1.2% for 8 h continuously working.     

Call for Papers

正Wireless Body-area Networks The last decade has witnessed the convergence of three giant worlds:electronics,computer science and telecommunications.The next decade should follow this convergence in most of our activities with the generalization of sensor networks.In particular with the progress in medicine,people live longer and the aging of population will push the development of wireless personal networks     

Call for Papers—Feature Topic,Vol.12,No.7,2015

正Information Centric Networking Information-Centric Networking(ICN) is an emerging direction in Future Internet architecture research,gaining significant tractions among academia and industry.Aiming to replace the conventional host-to-host communication model by a data-centric model,ICN treats data content as the first     

JOURNAL OF ELECTRONICS(CHINA)

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NOTICE OF CHANGING JOURNAL OF ELECTRONICS （CHINA） TO MICROSYSTEMS ＆ NANOENGINEERING

正Journal of Electronics(China)(JE)was founded in 1984,sponsored by the Institute of Electronics,Chinese Academy of Sciences.JE is one of the first English academic journals in China in the field of Electronics and Information technology.The journal was published quarterly since it was launched in 1984 to 2003,then it is published bimonthly till now.During