Studies on Physiological and Biochemical Properties of Female Specific Serum Protein and Its Immunocytochemical Localization in Carassius auratus cuvieri(Temminck & Schlegel)

Female-specific serum protein(FSSP)is normally present in the sera of female fish,but it is notfound in males.However,estradiol benzoate(EB)was found to induce the appearance of FSSP inmale fish and immature female fish.Massive doses of FSSP caused a rapid increase in FSSP.Ultrastructural examination of the liver indicated an extensive proliferation of the rough endoplasmicreticulum and a decrease in glycogen and lipid droplets after EB injection.A preparative PAGE for isolating highly purified FSSP from the serum of EB-treated fish,Carassiusauratus cuvieri(Temminck & Schlegel),is described.Purified FSSP obtained from EB-induced O-crucian fish has a molecular weight of 466,000±4,000(n=10),while that in mature female serumis 480,000±40,000(n=2).FSSP appears to be a dimer,with the size of the possible monomerbeing 240,000±8,000(n=6).SDS-PAGE on gradient gels indicated that sera from males given multiple(12)injections of EBcontain a main band with a molecular weight of 147,000±6,000(n=6).However,the same serumsamples provided three bands of protein on the PAGE gels.Antiserum was raised against the electrophoretically purified FSSP.The resulting antibody formeda single,continuous precipitation line with sera from EB-treated males and vitellogenic females,butnot with that from normal males.lmmunocytochemistry(PAP method)was used to locate FSSP in the liver and ovary of maturefemales and the liver of EB-treated males.Strongly positive particles were found clustered in groupsaround liver cell nuclei under light microscopy,and the yolk granules in the oocytes were also filledwith positive particles.     

蟾蜍血清梭曼水解酶（somanase）的纯化及性质的研究

从蟾蜍血清中发现并纯化出了一种与血清载脂蛋白有关的可催化神经性军用毒剂梭曼（０－１,２,２－ｔｒｉｍｅｔｈｙｌｐｒｏｐｙｌｍｅｔｈｙｌｐｈｏｓｐｈｏｆｌｕｏｒｉｄａｔｅ,ｓｏｍａｎ）的水解酶,此酶全部与高密度脂蛋白（ＨＤＬ）以复合形式存在于血清中。我们经过多种纯化手段,从ＨＤＬ中分离纯化出了酯酶的最小分子量组分,得到了高活性、高纯度的酶蛋白,在ＳＤＳ－聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳及等电聚焦电泳中呈单一区带,分子量４２ｋＤ,等电点ｐＨ５．２,并证明此酶不是ＨＤＬ中的任何一种已知载脂蛋白,也不是磷脂酶Ａ_２和磷脂酶Ｃ以及存在于ＨＤＬ中的卵磷脂胆固醇酰基转移酶（ＬＣＡＴ）。它是与ＨＤＬ中的主要载脂蛋白ａｐｏＡ_１比较牢固地连接在一起并含量甚微的一种酶蛋白,水解梭曼的Ｋｍ值ｐＨ７．２、３７℃时为３．１３ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ。可被对氯汞苯甲酸、ＨＣｌ－胍和ＥＤＴＡ－Ｎａ_２所抑制,二硫苏糖醇对酶活性有恢复作用。     

盐酸沙拉沙星在鲫体内的残留及消除规律研究

采用高效液相色谱法测定鲫组织中沙拉沙星并初步研究了盐酸沙拉沙星在鲫组织中的残留及消除规律。在21±2℃下,以20mg/kg的剂量单次口灌给药,取血浆和肌肉、皮肤、肝胰脏、肾脏、卵巢5种组织,各样品中加入甲磺酸达氟沙星作内标,用二氯甲烷提取组织中的药物,正己烷去脂,反相高效液相色谱法测定其中盐酸沙拉沙星的浓度。此方法平均回收率均大于82.97%,日间变异系数小于8.41%,最低检测限可达0.0125μg/g。研究结果表明盐酸沙拉沙星在血浆和5种组织中消除速率快慢不一,肾脏为盐酸沙拉沙星残留的靶组织。若规定可食用组织中的盐酸沙拉沙星在最大残留限量为30μg/kg,由休药期(WDT)公式可得出盐酸沙拉沙星在鲫体内的WDT为14d。       

金鱼Prox1基因cDNA的克隆及其在眼睛发育中的表达分析

脊椎动物的Prox1基因,与果蝇的转录因子prospero同源。为了探讨Prox1基因在金鱼眼睛发生过程中的表达图式,我们从金鱼眼睛SMART库中克隆了Prox1cDNA。它全长共2851bp,编码739个氨基酸。组织分布研究表明,Prox1主要分布于眼、脑、心、肝、脾和肾中。整体原位杂交显示,Prox1mRNA首先是在晶体期的晶体原基中有转录,心跳期则在未成熟晶体的细胞中和视网膜的幼芽区可以检测到。晶体纤维形成后,它主要定位于视纤维层和内网织细胞层。免疫组化显示,心跳期Prox1蛋白的定位与mRNA相同,晶体纤维形成以后,Prox1蛋白主要定位在晶体上皮细胞内侧的晶体纤维上一个环状区域,与Prox1mRNA的定位不同。这说明,Prox1基因在晶体发生过程中有重要作用,且在晶体的不同发育时期起的作用可能有所不同。另外,Prox1在晶体发育过程中有一个从内向外的变化过程。     

苯并(a)芘对鲫鱼肝脏EROD活性的影响

研究了典型多环芳烃类有机污染物苯并(a)芘(BaP)对鲫鱼(Carassius auratus)肝脏7-乙氧基-3-异吩唑酮-脱乙基酶(EROD)活性的影响。结果表明,注射后96 h,10和100 mg.kg-1处理组肝脏EROD活性被明显诱导,分别为对照组的2.3(P<0.05)和3.1倍(P<0.01)。肝脏EROD活性随着时间延长继续升高,至注射后14 d,1 mg.kg-1处理组鲫鱼肝脏EROD活性为对照的3.0倍(P<0.001),而100 mg.kg-1处理组则高达5.8倍(P<0.001)。鲫鱼肝脏EROD活性可作为反映BaP暴露水平的生物标志物。BaP对鲫鱼的最低效应浓度为1 mg.kg-1(鱼体重)。     

RanGTPase激活蛋白RanGAP在嗜热四膜虫细胞中的定位及功能

RanGTPase激活蛋白（RanGTPase activating protein,RanGAP）和Ran相互作用,提高了Ran GTPase水解GTP的效率. RanGAP参与细胞内核质运输、纺锤体组装、核膜重建和异染色质的组装．生物进化过程中,不同生物的RanGAP表现出结构和功能的多样性．本研究从嗜热四膜虫大核基因组中鉴定出1个保守的RanGTPase激活蛋白基因RanGAP（TTHERM_00766430）．实时荧光定量PCR表明,RanGAP在四膜虫营养生长、饥饿和有性生殖过程中均有表达,且在有性生殖4～6 h表达水平最高．免疫荧光定位表明,在营养生长期、饥饿期及有性生殖的早期,RanGAP定位于细胞质中| 在有性生殖后期, RanGAP定位于凋亡的大核中．过表达RanGAP的细胞增殖速率下降,大核分裂和胞质缢缩异常, 产生无大核细胞．敲减RanGAP的细胞大核形态异常,细胞增殖速率下降,无丝分裂受到抑制,进而产生无大核细胞．RanGAP的过表达或敲除分别引起四膜虫RAN1,RanBP1和RCC1基因的表达下调或上调．结果表明,RanGAP通过Ran信号通路调控了嗜热四膜虫无性生殖过程中大核的无丝分裂,并可能参与了有性生殖过程中亲本大核的凋亡．     

甘蓝型油菜钙依赖蛋白激酶6(BnaCPK6)的定位与互作蛋白分析

为了探究甘蓝型油菜中钙依赖蛋白激酶(calcium dependent protein kinase, CPK)在植物对逆境响应中的作用和机制,同时为油菜品质的升级改良发掘新的基因资源,开展了对于BnaCPK6研究的分子生物学试验。首先,通过在本氏烟草中瞬时表达BnaCPK6与GFP融合蛋白来检测它的亚细胞定位情况;其次,利用双分子荧光互补(Bimolecular fluorescence complementation)试验来检测BnaCPK6与ABA信号通路中转录因子BanABF1/3/4、BnaABI5、BnaAREB3的相互作用情况。结果显示BnaCPK6具有典型的钙依赖蛋白激酶特征,N端具有潜在的棕榈酰化和豆蔻酰化位点,并且与AtCPK6在进化上有着很高的同源性。亚细胞定位的结果发现BnaCPK6主要分布于细胞膜和细胞核中。同时,双分子荧光互补试验还发现BnaCPK6与调控ABA信号转导的关键转录因子BnaABF3/4、BnaABI5以及BnaAREB3之间存在相互作用。本研究为进一步研究BnaCPK6在ABA信号通路中的作用提供了依据。     

Studies on the Circular Dichroism (CD) and Electron Paramaguetic Resonance(EPR) Spe-ctroscopy of the Partially Oxidized FeMo Protein from Azotobacter vinelandii Nitrogenase

After nitrogenase FeMo protein from A. vinelandii was incubated with a large excess (5–6 equivalents) of indigo carmine for 30–60 min., all of P-clusters in the partially oxidized FeMo protein were oxidized, but all of FeMoCo in the protein were still in the reductive state. The oxidized P-clusters in the protein were able to be completely reduced by Na2S2O4(DT) and the reduction was accelerated by methyl viologen (MV). And all of FeMoCo in the protein were firstly oxidized by some oxidants such as methylene blue. The numbers of the redox equivalent of P-cluster and FeMoCo have been obtained by the CD reductive titration of and EPR/ ABS time course on the oxidation of the partially oxidizeA FeMo protein, respectivelly.     

银鲫肌酸激酶M3-CK cDNA的克隆及其表达特征

用抑制性差减杂交结合SMART cDNA合成和RACE—PCR技术克隆到雌核发育银鲫(Carassius auratus gibelio)肌酸激酶M3-CK基因的全长cDNA。银鲫M3-CK cDNA全长1551bp，编码380个氨基酸，与普通鲤鱼(cyprinus carpio)M3-CK的氨基酸序列同源性高达95％。种系分析表明，银鲫M3-CK与其它脊椎动物的肌肉型肌酸激酶聚为较近的一支，与鲤鱼的M3-CK聚在一起，与脑特异型肌酸激酶及线粒体型肌酸激酶分歧较大。虚拟Northern杂交显示银鲫M3-CK基因在胚胎发育中差异表达。RT—PCR表明，银鲫M3-CK基因在成熟卵母细胞和胚胎发育早期可检测到少量的转录产物，在胚胎发育期间从肌肉效应期开始转录，并一直持续表达。组织RT—PCR表明，银鲫M3-CK基因只在心脏和肌肉表达。