葵花籽粗油体中内源性蛋白酶系的性质探究以及鉴定

通过电泳探究葵花籽粗油体中内源性蛋白酶系的水解性质,以及用液相色谱-串联质谱（LC-MS/MS）鉴定内源性蛋白酶的种类。结果表明,油质蛋白在pH 4~8水解速度相对较快,22 kDa球蛋白在pH 3~5水解速度相对较快,35 kDa球蛋白在pH 4~8水解速度相对较快。葵花籽粗油体中内源性蛋白酶系在pH 4、50 ℃水解速度相对最快。通过抑制剂实验发现,在pH 4下,葵花籽粗油体中有金属蛋白酶类、天冬氨酸蛋白酶类、丝氨酸蛋白酶类的酶活表征,几乎无半胱氨酸蛋白酶酶活的存在。通过LC-MS/MS分析发现,葵花籽粗油体中存在金属蛋白酶类、天冬氨酸蛋白酶类和丝氨酸蛋白酶类和天冬氨酸蛋白酶类抑制剂、丝氨酸蛋白酶类抑制剂以及半胱氨酸蛋白酶类抑制剂。研究结果为利用内源性蛋白酶类进行水相加工提供了理论基础。     

水剂法提取花生油中乳状液的酶法破乳研究

以水剂法提取花生油过程中产生的乳状液为研究对象,使用2709碱性蛋白酶对其进行破乳研究。结果表明:2709碱性蛋白酶最佳破乳条件为料水比1∶1,加酶量(以乳状液质量为基准)0.5%,酶解时间60 min,温度55℃,pH 8.5;在此条件下,破乳率达到90%以上。在优化的酶解条件下,研究破乳过程破乳率与蛋白质水解度变化的相关性,并采用图像颗粒分析系统对破乳过程进行观测与分析。结果发现,随着酶解的进行,破乳率与蛋白质水解度呈高度显著正相关,油滴颗粒数逐渐减少,平均粒径逐渐增大。     

水酶法提取大豆油工艺中乳状液的酶法破乳研究

为降低水酶法提取大豆油过程所产乳状液的稳定性,得到较高的游离油回收率,研究了α-淀粉酶、纤维素酶、Alcalase碱性蛋白酶、7L中性蛋白酶的破乳效果;通过破乳率、Zeta电位、粘度、粒径分布和平均粒径指标,分别考察了Alcalase碱性蛋白酶和7L中性蛋白酶对乳状液稳定性的影响。结果显示,在所选酶中Alcalase碱性蛋白酶、7L中性蛋白酶破乳效果最好,相同水解条件下,Alcalase碱性蛋白酶的破乳率高于7L中性蛋白酶。2%的7L中性蛋白酶酶解60 min时破乳率达100%,而在相同酶解时间内,1% Alcalase碱性蛋白酶即可实现100%破乳。经Alcalase碱性蛋白酶和7L中性蛋白酶水解后,乳状液的粘度变低,电位电势减弱,油滴发生聚集,导致乳状液稳定性下降。随Alcalase和7L蛋白酶浓度和酶解时间的增加,相应地,乳状液的粘度进一步降低,破乳率上升。     

近江牡蛎蛋白自溶水解的条件优化

采用近江牡蛎的内源性蛋白酶对其蛋白质进行自溶水解,并优化其自溶水解条件。评价了水解时间、初始pH、水解温度、原料占总质量比等因素对自溶水解效果的影响,确定牡蛎自溶的最佳条件为：水解时间12 h、初始pH 4、水解温度40或50℃、原料占总质量比0.5。利用响应面中的Central Composite设计优化了内源性蛋白酶的水解工艺,以氨基酸态氮含量为评价指标最终确定内源性蛋白酶的最佳酶解工艺条件并修正为：温度为56.24℃,初始pH值为4.00,原料占总质量比为0.50。在此条件下,水解液中的氨基酸态氮含量5.73 mg/mL和回归方程的预测值5.81mg/mL具有较好的拟合性,水解液中的氨基酸态氮含量比优化前的最大值4.11 mg/mL提高39.42%。     

响应面法优化双酶分步酶水解核桃蛋白质工艺研究

以核桃蛋白质为对象,研究了胰蛋白酶、中性蛋白酶两种蛋白酶单独水解核桃蛋白时的适宜水解条件,同时采用响应面分析法对双酶分步酶水解核桃蛋白质的工艺进行了优化,结果表明:胰蛋白酶、中性蛋白酶的适宜反应温度分别为55、50℃,适宜反应pH分别为8.0、7.0。分步水解的适宜条件为先在温度为55℃、pH8.0、胰蛋白酶添加量为2000U/g的条件下水解4h,再在温度为50℃、pH7.0、中性蛋白酶的添加量为3100U/g的条件下水解2.7h。在此条件下,水解度为36.35%,氮收率92.53%;比单独用胰蛋白酶或中性蛋白酶水解核桃蛋白质的水解度分别提高了17.79%、20.11%;氮收率分别提高27.29%、29.20%。     

水酶法提取稻米油形成乳状液的破乳技术研究

在水酶法提取稻米油的过程中,产生大量的乳状液,降低了稻米油的提取率。为了提高水酶法提取稻米油的提取率,以破乳率为指标,研究最佳乳状液破乳技术。首先优化了酶法提取稻米油的破乳时间及破乳温度,在此基础上,比较调节pH破乳法、CaCl₂破乳法和乙醇破乳法的破乳效果,研究最佳破乳条件下乳状液粒径、Zeta电位的变化并观察破乳前后乳状液的微观结构。结果表明,稻米油乳状液最佳破乳工艺条件为采用调节pH破乳法,调节乳状液pH至7,60℃下300 r/min搅拌60 min。在最佳条件下,破乳率可达93.15%。经过破乳的乳状液油滴表面的蛋白膜被破坏,油滴之间发生聚集,平均粒径增大,Zeta电位降低。     

鸡脑蛋白水解物的研究

选用中性蛋白酶和胃蛋白酶水解鸡脑蛋白,确定最佳水解条件为:先采用中性蛋白酶于50℃,pH7.0,加酶量0.8U/mg蛋白质,底物浓度0.5%,水解4h;再用胃蛋白酶于40℃,pH1.0,加酶量8U/mg蛋白质,水解3h。在该条件下,肽得率为70.38%,水解产物的氨基酸含量为2.01%,10kDa分子量以下的肽含量为47.72%,3kDa分子量以下的肽含量为40.14%,1kDa分子量以下的肽含量为29.03%。     

水酶法提取南瓜籽油过程中乳状液酶法联合化学法破乳工艺研究

为提高水酶法提取南瓜籽油的提油率,采用地衣芽孢杆菌碱性蛋白酶并联合化学破乳法对水酶法提取南瓜籽油过程中产生的乳状液进行破乳研究。通过单素试验并结合响应曲面优化试验,得出酶法破乳的最佳工艺为:液料比0.9:1.0(mL/g)、酶添加量3 078U/g、pH 10.4、酶解温度51℃、酶解时间2.5h,验证实验得破乳率为88.39%。酶解破乳后调节pH对乳状液稳定性及破乳率影响的研究发现当酶解破乳后调节pH至4.5时,破乳率增至95.47%。     

鱿鱼副产物自溶水解过程的生化变化及其机理

系统地研究了鱿鱼加工副产物内源性蛋白酶自溶水解过程中氨基氮、总可溶性氮(TSN)、TCA可溶性氮(TCA-N)、挥发性盐基氮(TVB-N)、pH、总酸、水解度(DH)以及游离脂肪酸的变化.确定最佳自溶水解条件为:料水比1:1、温度45℃、原始pH、水解时间39h.自溶水解39h离心后上清液中的氨基氮、TSN、TCA-N的含量分别为0.626±0.025、1.234±0.049、0.589±0.018g/100mL,TVB-N含量为59.10±1.28mg/100mL,蛋白质水解度达到23.89%±0.13%.鱿鱼加工副产物内源性蛋白酶可以较好地水解其自身蛋白质,在39h的自溶水解过程中没有腐败现象发生.     

芝麻多肽螯合钙的制备及其补钙效果研究

为充分利用芝麻渣蛋白,提高其附加值,该研究选用中性蛋白酶、碱性蛋白酶、木瓜蛋白酶和风味蛋白酶水解从芝麻渣中提取的芝麻蛋白,以蛋白质水解度为指标,筛选出最佳蛋白酶组合.结果表明,相比单酶水解,双酶复合水解芝麻蛋白的效果更好,其中木瓜蛋白酶与风味蛋白酶的组合水解效果最好.单因素试验得到芝麻蛋白最佳水解条件:温度50℃、pH...     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the     

Chinese CTP Market

According to Printing and Printing Equipment Industries Association of China（PEIAC）＇s statistics to the plate manufucturer in China, in 2013, the actual offset plate production has reached 346 million square meters in China. Among them, the CTP production volume was 245 million square meters, up by 11% than that of last year; the total sales of the CTP plate was 239 million square meters, up by 13%.     

Preparatory Work of Print China 2015 is Going Smoothly

正Held at Guangdong Modern International Exhibition Center,Print China 2015 will cover 7exhibition halls,besides the original Hall No.3,4,5,6,7,the newly built F zone of Hall 3 will be used too.The total area will be140,000 square meters.Hall 3:Offset and large printing equipment,package printing equipment,post press     

INFOPRINT 2014 was Successfully Held in Dongguan

Sponsored by Printing and Printing Equipment Industries Association of China （PEIAC） and organized by Print China magazine, the Seventeenth Beijing International Printing Information Conference （INFOPRINT 2014） was successfully held on 11th Dec. 2014 at Dongguan Exhibition International Hotel.