基于运行电压下泄漏电流的交流污闪电压预测(英文)

This paper presented a model to predict the AC flashover voltage of contaminated suspension insulators.The prediction method is based on the maximum leakage current under AC operating voltage.Three kinds of widely used suspension insulators were tested in various contamination states such as pollution layers with different equivalent salt deposit density(ESDD),different composition of the conductive components,different non-soluble deposit density(NSDD) and different pollution distribution states to simulate the contamination states in nature.The effective ESDD was proposed and calculated.Influences of contamination states to maximum leakage current and flashover voltage were studied.Then,the relationships between flashover voltage and leakage current in these states were presented.Finally,considering the difference of insulator profiles,a new parameter is defined and a model to estimate the flashover voltage based on this parameter is developed.The model could be used in all kinds of suspension insulators in different contamination states and was validated by the test results.     

基于非线性时间序列分析的绝缘子污闪预测研究(英文)

To solve the problem of the flashover forecasting of contaminated or polluted insulator,a flashover forecasting model of contaminated insulators based on nonlinear time series analysis is proposed in the paper.The ESDD is the key of flashover on polluted insulator.The ESDD value of insulator can be forecasted by the method of nonlinear time series analysis of the ESDD time series and a forecasting model of polluted insulator flashover is proposed in the paper.The forecasting model consists of two artificial neural networks that reflect relationship of environment,ESDD and flashover probability.The first is used to estimate the ESDD time series of insulator and the second is employed to calculate the probability of the flashover.A series of artificial pollution tests show that the results of the forecasting model is acceptable.     

高压下非均匀电场中局放机理的建模(英文)

Partial discharges in air in non-uniform electric field occur in surroundings made of high curvature elements.The equivalent electrode system,needle-plane refers both to external components of high voltage insulating systems and to micro sharpness in the internal structure of those systems.The ionization zone,accumulation of space charge and formation of corresponding current pulses depend on electrode configuration,voltage level,pressure,temperature and humidity of air.The assessment of pressure influence on discharge mechanism in non-homogenous electric field has been performed on the basis of empirical density distributions of discharge charges at different voltage levels,electrode distance,curvature of high voltage electrode and taking into account solid dielectric barrier in serial configuration.The measurement results obtained at variable voltage level yield the influence of electric field strength in the needle electrode zone.While increasing voltage,a deviation from normal distribution may be observed that reveals other forms of discharge.     

风沙条件下的平板模型直流沿面放电特性(英文)

The influence of sand dust on discharge of external insulation has caused widespread concern.At present,the research results show wind-sand electricity has a remarkable effect on the discharge characteristics of insulator and has little influence on the discharge characteristics of air gap.The flashover of insulator strings occurs along the insulator surface and air gaps,and the sand dust deposited on the insulator surface may affect the flashover characteristics of insulator strings.This paper studies the flashover characteristics of flat plate model under DC voltage in wind-sand condition.The experimental results show that under positive polarity voltage,the flashover voltage of the flat plate model has a maximum value,while under negative polarity voltage,the flashover voltage of the flat plate model has a minimum value with a certain degree of sand dust deposition.The wind or sand in sand-dust weather has an important effect on the flashover characteristics of the flat plate model.In certain variation range of electric charge,electric charge of sand dust has little effect on the flashover voltage of flat plate model under DC voltage.The deposition of sand has significant influence on the flashover process of flat plate model,which is related to the deposition density and moisture content of sand particle.     

800kV叠装式瓷绝缘子大雨下的性能评估(英文)

An 800 kV electric power substation can have more than one hundred of porcelain multicone type insulators supporting busbar structures.Two or more sections in series,having middle and end fittings,compose these insulators.Ageing process can cause degradation of the cement used in this type of insulator and this fact can affect its dielectric performance under heavy rain.This paper presents results of an investigation based on power frequency high voltage tests performed on 800 kV porcelain multicone type insulators,removed from service after having operated for more than 20 years,as well a non-used one that had been stored on site for long time.The insulators were tested in different arrangements:each section at a time and the two sections assembled in series,as actually used insulator columns.The tests were carried out under artificial rain ranging from 1 mm/min to 5 mm/min.The results have confirmed a reduction of up to 30% in the insulator power frequency flashover voltage under 5 mm/min rain conditions and gave important information to the utility about radial cracks that were observed in many insulators and about the discharge mechanisms along the insulators under rain.     

Radiated Electromagnetic Field Signature of Cracked and Polluted Porcelain InsulatorsEI北大核心CSCD

Porcelain cap and pin insulators are by far the most popular suspension insulators in high voltage （HV） dis- tribution networks all around the world. Inspection and condition monitoring of HV insulators is also very important to the utility companies because of the critical and vital role that they play in distribution systems. In terms of safety, practicality and ease of use, remote detection methods are more popular among the line technicians. A new remote condition assessment method based on electromagnetic radiations from porcelain insulators is presented in this gaper. In a lab environment, a string of two porcelain insulators is energized by a 45 kV transformer. Electromagnetic radia- tions due tO the partial＂discharge activities inside the porcelain insulator are captured by passive sensors and antennas. Two cases of defective insulators on a two insulator string are studied here. The first case focuses on the effect of con- taminated porcelain shells on radiation signature of partial discharges. A polluted porcelain shell with ESDD level of 0.03 mg/cmz was first tested. The second case studies the effect of cracks of an intentionally-cracked porcelain shell. The cracked insulator is also tested on a two insulator string. To compare the partial discharge radiation signature of different faulty insulators, phase resolved graphs were developed. The electromagnetic radiated signature of a polluted insulator and a cracked insulator was＇calculated and compared using phase resolved graphs.     

高海拔地区±800kV特高压直流线路复合绝缘子悬挂方式对污闪电压的影响(英文)

To solve the contamination flashover problem for transmission lines in high-altitudes area,an analysis of the flashover performance of contaminated ±800 kV ultra high voltage(UHV) DC composite insulators of various suspension modes at a high altitude(2 100 m) is presented.The 50% withstand voltage(U50%) was determined by the up-and-down method.Experimental results show that suspension modes play an important role in the flashover performance since DC arcs detach from the insulator surfaces more easily at high altitudes than at sea level.Flashover voltages of the long string composite insulators gradually decreased with salt deposit density(SDD).The flashover voltage of type II string is by 4.6% lower than that of type I string.For type V string,the ionized air could more easily diffuse away from the insulator surface,while producing a higher utilization ratio of the leakage distance.Therefore the flashover voltage of type V string is by 8.7%～14.4% higher than that of type I string.Type Y string configuration appears to lead to much lower flashover voltages than type I and V string configurations.     

A Forecasting Method of Pollution Flashover Voltage of Insulators Based on Robust Regression

In view of the limitations in the prediction of pollution flashover voltage by least squares regression, a method to predict pollution flashover voltage by robust regression is proposed. According to testing voltage and the data of salt deposit density (ρSDD ) and non-soluble deposit density (ρNSDD ), the regression coefficient is solved by a complex weighting least square iteration algorithm. In iterative calculations, the weight function is adopted, in which the weight coefficient is the function of the residual error of last iteration to weaken the influence of singular values on the regression coefficient. The characteristic exponent denoting ρSDD influence and characteristic exponent denoting ρNSDD influence are mapped by the regression coefficient, and thus the pollution flashover voltage of insulators can be predicted. Through the comparison of test results, robust regression results and least squares regression results, the effectiveness of the proposed robust regression-based forecasting method is verified.     

多回直流输电线路的离子流场计算(英文)

An upwind finite element(FE)based algorithm to calculate the ion flow field in the vicinity of multi-circuit DC transmission lines is described.The initial value estimation and boundary condition are optimized,so details of the transmission lines such as bundle conductors and ground wires can be taken into account in the simulation model.Comparison between measured and computed ground level total electrical field and ion current density shows satisfactory agreement.The ion flow field of a ±500 kV HVDC project with bipolar lines on the same tower is simulated.The total electrical field and ion current density on ground level are compared among different line arrangements.     

多层有机绝缘结构真空沿面闪络特性和机理研究(英文)

In order to further investigate the surface flashover mechanism in vacuum, the surface flashover and electric field distribution of multilayer organic insulation structure are studied and developed based on the previous studies. The samples of multilayer organic insulation structure are prepared by inserting multilayer organic composite material with different relative permittivity between the electrode and the dielectric. Two multilayer organic insulation structures are prepared in this study. One is the cylindrical samples, the other is 45° samples. The impulse (1.2/50 μs) and DC flashover voltages in vacuum are tested, and the electric field distributions of two insulation structures are analyzed by ANSYS. It is found that these two insulation structure could effectively improve the surface flashover performance in vacuum. The results indicate that the highest impulse first flashover voltage of cylindrical samples reaches 65 kV and increases by 25% under im- pulse voltage. The highest first flashover voltage of /c samples reaches 81 kV and increases by 32% under impulse voltage. The results of electric field simulation demonstrate that different mechanisms exist between 45° insulation structure and cylindrical structure.     

直流电压下复合绝缘子的自然积污试验

利用自建的自然污秽试验站,对自然条件下带直流电压运行2个积污季节的复合绝缘子的积污特点进行了试验研究,分析了直流绝缘子的伞裙表面积污规律、降水对积污(等值附盐密度(equivalent salt deposit density,ESDD)和不溶性污秽物质密度(non-soluble deposit density,NSDD))的影响,表面污秽不均匀度、表面灰盐比、ESDD和NSDD的直交比等。研究表明：并不是所有降水都会对绝缘子表面污秽产生明显的清洗效果;降水量和雨强均为清洗效率的重要影响因素;复合绝缘子最大污秽度出现在夏季多雨季节来临前。建议直流外绝缘设计中充分考虑这些积污特点。     

气压和污秽不均匀度对染污绝缘子泄漏电流的影响

泄漏电流信号中包含了丰富的能够体现绝缘子运行状态的信息量。为此,以XP-70型瓷绝缘子为研究对象,在重庆大学输配电装备及系统安全与新技术国家重点实验室的人工雾室里进行了大量的交流人工污秽试验,分别研究了3种盐密、4种气压和5种不均匀度对绝缘子泄漏电流幅值的影响。试验结果表明:绝缘子整体平均盐密与上下表面污秽分布不均匀度和气压三者对绝缘子泄漏电流幅值的影响是相互独立的,泄漏电流幅值随着盐密的增加和气压的降低而均呈上升趋势,并且随着绝缘子上下表面污秽分布不均匀度的减小而呈下降趋势。还主要分析了绝缘子上下表面污秽分布不均匀度和气压对绝缘子泄漏电流幅值的影响机理。最后,利用最小二乘原理对试验结果进行拟合,得到了考虑盐密(ρESDD)、不均匀度(K)和气压(p)后的泄漏电流幅值的表达式,利用表达式可以估计绝缘子表面的污秽程度和分布特点。研究结果对于建立基于泄漏电流表征线路绝缘子的运行状态系统具有一定的参考价值。     

污秽绝缘子泄漏电流与环境温、湿度相关分析

由于污秽绝缘子泄漏电流受环境温、湿度影响较大,泄漏电流与环境温、湿度关系研究具有重要的现实意义,为此基于多因子环境试验箱内单片XP-70绝缘子的人工污秽试验,运用泄漏电流测量系统和环境温、湿度采集系统记录了不同等值盐密(equivalent salt deposit density,ESDD)、灰密(non-soluble deposit density,NSDD)、环境温度θ和相对湿度RH下的电流、电压波形,通过分析泄漏电流幅值随污秽度和环境温湿度的变化规律,建立了一种基于泄漏电流、污秽状况及环境温、湿度的数学模型。利用非线性回归分析方法,拟合出盐密、灰密、温度、相对湿度与泄漏电流幅值之间的关系,此表达式为Im=0.084ρ0ES.0D5D4(e0.008RH+15.170e-0.069r-0.076/ρNSDD)e0.026θ。研究成果表明:随着盐密、灰密、温度和相对湿度的增加,泄漏电流也逐渐增加,所得表达式能更为精确地表达出绝缘子泄漏电流和环境温湿度及污秽度的定量关系。此研究结果可为评估瓷绝缘子的污秽状态提供方法和思路。     

饱和受潮绝缘子外绝缘状态评估系统的试验验证

污闪问题是电力系统最重要的问题之一。为了有效预防污闪,介绍了一套绝缘子外绝缘状态评估系统。该系统综合考虑绝缘子型号、线路电压等级、相对湿度、最大泄漏电流等因素的影响,对绝缘子的外绝缘状态尤其是闪络电压做出预判,进而防止污闪事故的发生。基于这套外绝缘状态评估系统,研究了等值附盐密度(equivalentsalt deposit density,ESDD)、绝缘子串长以及绝缘子表面污层饱和受潮时泄漏电流最大值与污闪电压的关系,并对同一ESDD下的实测污闪电压和估算污闪电压进行了对比。结果表明,当所选用的XWP2-160型绝缘子的串长分别为28、21、14片时,污闪电压的实测值和估算值的最大相对误差分别为4.6%、6.6%、5.5%。对比结果最终验证了该系统的可靠性和准确性。     

自然积污绝缘子表面污秽分布特性研究

绝缘子的污秽分布对绝缘子的污闪电压具有一定的影响,文章通过实验方法,重点研究分析了玻璃,瓷及复合三种类型绝缘子在自然积污条件下的污秽分布规律,所选择的这三种绝缘子为河北保定地区输电线路上已运行多年的悬垂绝缘子,利用盐密(Equivalent Salt Deposit Density,ESDD)与灰密(Non Soluble Deposit Density,NSDD)实验测量了绝缘子串中不同片的绝缘子及同一片绝缘子的不同表面的盐密、灰密,将数据以表、图的形式进行了处理分析,得到该地区绝缘子的污秽分布规律,最后以玻璃绝缘子及瓷绝缘子为研究对象,运用ANSYS对其在不同盐密分布下的电场及电流密度进行了仿真分析。     

35～1000kV线路绝缘子污闪电压值的估算

针对目前绝缘子污闪电压缺乏系统研究的现状,建立了35~1 000 kV输电线路用普通型绝缘子交流污闪电压的计算模型即展开普通型绝缘子成平面模型后分析交流污闪条件,计算出绝缘子在不同表面污层电导率条件下的临界污闪电压值;对35~1 000 kV输电线路用5种不同吨位的普通型绝缘子进行交流人工污秽试验,获其在各盐密下的50%污闪电压;通过计算值和试验值的对比,可将绝缘子表面污层电导率转化为盐密,从而算出各普通型绝缘子在不同盐密下的交流污闪电压值。试验验证计算结果误差小,说明该模型能够有效估算代表普通型绝缘子的50%污闪电压情况。该研究结果可供各电压等级输电线路外绝缘选择参改。     

Relation between leakage impedance and equivalent salt depositdensity on an insulator under a saltwater spray

The degree of pollution of an insulator polluted rapidly under a saltwater spray is observed by measurement of the leakage current, which flows between electrodes fixed on the surface of the insulator, under 30 V ac voltage. Long rod insulators were used as samples. The relation between the leakage impedance and the equivalent salt deposit density (ESDD) of the insulators was obtained under several experimental conditions. As a result, the following was found (1) the effect of the wind velocity on the insulator is small, and is especially small when the distance between the electrodes is short, (2) the effect of the distribution of the saltwater drops on the insulator is small, and (3) the leakage impedance does not depend on initial dryness of the insulator surface (and the conductance is low) before the saltwater spray. It is important that the ESDD be above a certain value, and that the distance between the electrodes be short. Furthermore, it was shown that ESDD can be estimated fairly exactly from the leakage impedance     

基于泄漏电流脉冲主成分分析的外绝缘污秽状态评估方法

为了防止污闪事故的发生,需要对外绝缘污秽状态进行评估。本文提出一种基于泄漏电流脉冲主成分的外绝缘污秽状态评估方法。首先对一种常用悬式绝缘子进行人工污秽试验,利用泄漏电流测量系统记录不同等值附盐密度(ESDD)和不同相对湿度(RH)下的电流波形,根据脉冲阈值的不同,将泄漏电流脉冲分成80档。利用主成分分析,从中提取一组泄漏电流脉冲主成分向量,用于概括原80档脉冲包含的信息。聚类分析和综合主成分分析的结果表明,绝缘子泄漏电流脉冲主成分向量与污秽度之间存在密切的关系,可以为外绝缘污秽状态评估提供重要参考。     

人工污秽下盐/灰密对普通悬式绝缘子串交流闪络特性的影响

污闪是电力系统的严重自然灾害之一,国内外对盐密(ESDD)的影响进行了大量的研究,但对灰密(NSDD)影响的研究较少。文中以7片串普通悬式绝缘子XP-160为试品,在人工雾室中进行了大量的人工污秽试验,分析了ESDD和NSDD的变化对人工污秽绝缘子交流闪络电压的影响。试验结果表明:在人工污秽试验中,ESDD和NSDD均对绝缘子交流闪络电压有影响,与ESDD对人工污秽绝缘子串绝缘子交流闪络电压的影响一致,人工污秽绝缘子串交流闪络电压与NSDD也呈幂函数关系。在对交流闪络电压的影响上,ESDD和NSDD是相互独立的。因此,污区的划分不仅应考虑ESDD,同时也应考虑NSDD。对于7片串XP-160,文中还给出人工污秽试验条件下绝缘子串的交流污闪电压表达式。