RDX对改性单基发射药燃烧性能的影响

为提高单基发射药(硝化棉/二硝基甲苯/邻苯二甲酸二丁酯/二苯胺,NC/DNT/DBP/DPA)的能量,在单基发射药中加入不同含量(5%、10%、15%、20%)、不同粒度(0.2,3.7,7.6,100.0μm)的黑索今(RDX),制备并得到改性单基发射药。通过密闭爆发器实验研究了RDX含量、粒度对改性单基发射药燃烧性能的影响规律。实验结果表明:在RDX粒度为7.6μm时,改性单基发射药的燃速随RDX含量的增加先降低再升高,在RDX含量为10%附近存在一个最小值;在50~p_(dpm)MPa(p_(dpm)为最大压力陡度所对应的压力值),改性单基发射药的燃速压力指数平均值均大于1。当RDX含量为5%时,改性单基发射药的燃速随RDX粒度的减小而减小;在50~p_(dpm)MPa,粒度为0.2,3.7μm的RDX改性单基发射药的燃速压力指数平均值均小于1,粒度为7.6,100.0μm的RDX改性单基发射药的燃速压力指数平均值均大于1。     

低压下硝胺发射药燃烧性能研究

为了研究RDX和硝基胍(NGu)对硝胺发射药在低压下燃烧性能的影响,对六种RDX/NGu配比不同的硝胺发射药进行低压密闭爆发器静态燃烧实验,获得了在20~60MPa压力范围内硝胺发射药的燃烧试验数据。结果发现:硝胺发射药在测试压力范围内有燃速压力曲线转折现象,并且NGu对低压下硝胺发射药燃烧规律有很好的调节作用。     

硝胺粒度及类型对BAMO-AMMO基ETPE发射药燃烧性能的影响

通过密闭爆发器实验研究了硝胺粒度及类型对BAMO-AMMO基发射药燃烧性能的影响规律。结果表明,在50～260MPa范围内,BAMO-AMMO基发射药燃速压力指数较高,约1.2;在75～175MPa和175～260MPa的压力区间,压力指数存在转折,从1.2下降到1;RDX粒度越大,BAMO-AMMO基发射药燃速和压力指数越大;通过RDX粒度的级配或两种氧化剂(RDX和HMX)混合使用可以提高BAMO-AMMO基发射药在中高压段(75～260MPa)的燃速,也可降低此压力范围内的燃速压力指数,但不显著;氧化剂类型(RDX,HMX)不同的BAMO-AMMO基发射药相比,以HMX为氧化剂的样品燃速较低,压力指数较高。     

RDX粒度对硝胺发射药力学性能及燃烧性能的影响

为研究黑索今(RDX)粒度对硝胺发射药力学性能及燃烧性能的影响,设计了RDX质量百分数为25.0%,平均粒径(D50)为30,50,150μm的3种硝胺发射药,采用摆锤式简支梁冲击试验机、落锤试验仪与密闭爆发器分别研究了其抗冲击强度、破碎情况及燃烧性能。结果表明,随着RDX粒度由150μm减小至30μm,发射药的低温(-40℃)抗冲击强度由3.46 J·cm~(-2)提高至8.99 J·cm~(-2),在落锤冲击(锤重5 kg,落高80 cm)作用下破碎度由96%降低到18%。RDX的平均粒径(D50)为30,50μm和150μm时,发射药的燃速压力指数分别为0.985、0.996和1.063。RDX粒径为30μm或50μm时,发射药u-p曲线较光滑,发射药燃烧稳定;RDX粒径为150μm时,在100~150 MPa、150 MPa~p_(dpm)的两个压力段范围内,燃速压力指数由1.125变为0.612,显示燃速压力指数存在突变,发射药燃烧不稳定。     

ETPE发射药与RGD7硝胺发射药燃烧性能及热行为的对比研究

用密闭爆发器实验、差示扫描量热法(DSC)和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)研究了3,3-二叠氮甲基氧丁环/3-叠氮甲基-3-甲基氧丁环(BAMO/AMMO)基含能热塑性弹性体(ETPE)发射药和RGD7硝胺发射药的燃烧性能及热行为。结果表明:与RGD7硝胺发射药相比,ETPE发射药燃烧时间较长,燃速较低,燃速压力指数n大于1,而RGD7硝胺发射药燃速压力指数小于1。对于RGD7硝胺发射药,RDX的熔融吸热峰(204.8℃)不明显,且分解放热峰(240℃)滞后于硝化棉/硝化甘油(NC/NG)(194℃),而ETPE发射药中poly(BAMO/AMMO)分解温度(263℃)高于RDX(240℃)。ETPE发射药和RGD7硝胺发射药的不同燃烧性能归因于发射药中主组分的不同热行为。     

含RDX的叠氮硝胺发射药热分解与燃烧性能

用高压差示扫描量热法(DSC)与密闭爆发器实验,对比研究了均质叠氮硝胺发射药(DA3),和含DA3、RDX质量分数分别为85%、15%的DAR15发射药及含DA3、RDX质量分数分别为75%、25%的DAR25发射药的热分解及燃烧性能。结果表明,DAR15及DAR25发射药的DSC有两个放热峰,峰值温度约为210℃第一个放热峰由DA3分解所致,峰值温度约为236℃的第二个放热峰由RDX的分解引起,而DA3仅呈现一个放热峰。随着RDX含量增加,第一个峰的放热量减少,第二个峰的放热量增加。与DA3相比,DAR15及DAR25在40～120 MPa压力范围内燃速压力指数变大,在120 MPa～pdpm(压力陡度的最大值所对应压力)压力范围内燃速压力指数降低。RDX的引入使DAR15及DAR25发射药的起始燃速及起始燃气生成猛度降低,燃烧渐增性提高。     

发射药药型结构对燃速测试结果的影响

为了研究药型结构对发射药燃速测试结果的影响,以高能硝胺发射药为研究对象,采用密闭爆发器燃烧实验和数据处理的分析方法,研究了4种药型及其不同内孔长径比发射药的燃速特性及其变化规律;采用中止燃烧实验研究了发射药内孔长径比对侵蚀燃烧的影响,并与太根发射药对比研究了燃速特性对侵蚀燃烧的影响关系。结果表明,多孔药的燃速压力指数明显小于单孔药,在内孔长径比相同的条件下,随着发射药内孔数量的增加,正比式燃速系数减小,燃速压力指数减小;在药型相同的条件下,随着内孔长径比增大,发射药侵蚀燃烧现象加剧,正比式燃速系数增大,燃速压力指数减小;燃速较高的发射药,侵蚀燃烧现象对燃速参数测试结果的影响更大。     

基于燃烧产物的硝胺类发射药的燃速预估模型

针对探讨硝胺类发射药的燃速预估模型,在分析硝胺炸药在燃烧分解产物热分解规律的基础上,运用近年来提出的火药燃速预估方法,推导硝铵发射药的燃速公式及压力指数公式。编写硝铵发射药燃速计算软件。在0～400 MPa压力范围内,对硝胺类发射药的燃速进行理论预估,并对3种硝铵发射药的燃烧计算值与相应的试验数据进行比较。分析结果表明,本模型是可行的,适合硝铵发射药的燃速预估。     

含FOX-12硝胺发射药的燃烧特性

采用DSC-TG、密闭爆发器、中止燃烧试验装置,研究了含N-脒基脲二硝酰胺盐(FOX-12)的硝胺发射药的热分解和燃烧特性。结果表明:该硝胺发射药中的NC-NG体系和FOX-12一起开始分解,加入FOX-12使硝胺发射药的燃速压力指数降低,其值小于1,随着FOX-12含量的增加,硝胺发射药的压力指数在低压段(10～20 MPa)降低幅度大于中高压段(40～240 MPa)的幅度。     

高能硝胺发射药燃烧性能的研究

本文以密闭爆发器恒压法研究了400MP。以下高能硝胺发射药的燃烧特性以及各种硝胺、黑索近的含量、颗粒尺寸和活性或惰性粘结剂对硝胺燃烧特性的影响,并对高能硝胺发射药的燃烧特性进行了分析。实验结果表明:各种硝胺发射药一般都有燃速曲线二次转折的燃烧特性,通常的规律是由低压力指数到高压力指数,再返回到低压力指数,黑索近的含量和颗粒尺寸对高能硝胺发射药的燃烧特性有轻微的影响,而不影响燃逮曲线的转折。粘结剂能量越高,燃速跃交幅度降低,但并未将燃速转折消除或使转折压力移向高压。这种燃速跃变幅度与粘结剂能量的关系并不适合于含与粘结剂有一定互溶性的硝胺发射药。硝胺发射药特异燃烧性能的原因,尚有待进一步实验探索研究。     

Open Rule-setting System Applied to Conceptual Design of Engines

Open rule-setting method advanced in this paper concentrates on providing designers of engines with a convenient way to express their design innovations and develop the expected prototypes in the early CAD stage, and constitute effective models for the following analysis process of CAE and CAPP. The problems arisen in the process of conceptual design with the traditional experience-based development method are analyzed. Based on those analyses, open rule-setting method is presented and some associated technical problems are discussed. The functional framework of open rule-setting system was built as software engineering methods. The speciality of the engine product as a kind of complex product and the requirement of the engine product based on its structural particularity to rule-setting system are considered carefully. A demonstration is supplied to illustrate how the open rule-setting method enhances the efficiency and quality of the engine conceptual design.     

Research on Linux Network Device Driver

By analyzing the working principle of Linux network device driver, discussing the Linux network driver structure and its key technologies, the general network driver structure and its design methodologies in Linux system are summarized. Through modifying the network device driver of Linux device driver 3rd version snull, c and improving the COW technology, the Zero-Copy technology in Linux （kernel version 2.6.11 ） is implemented. In the end, the success test tells us that the thorough analysis of network device driver is the foundation of many applications, and it also provides a certain improvement to a lot of real applications, even to military application development.     

Algorithm for Multi-laser-target Tracking Based on Clustering Fusion

Multi-laser-target tracking is an important subject in the field of signal processing of laser warners. A clustering method is applied to the measurement of laser warner, and the space-time fusion for measurements in the same cluster is accomplished. Real-time tracking of multi-laser-target and real-time picking of multi-laser-signal are introduced using data fusion of the measurements. A prototype device of the algorithm is built up. The results of experiments show that the algorithm is very effective.     

Influence of Installing Error on the Surface Shape Precision of the Axial Symmetry Aspheric Workpiece in Lapping

A method to calculate the surface shape error, which is caused by the installing error between the workpiece and the lapping tool in the process of form lapping, is proposed. The mathematical model which the installing translation error influences on the workpiece surface shape error is established. The changing rule of the error is simulated through the calculating example of the paraboloid workpiece. The results indicate that the surface shape error of the workpiece is increasing with the increase of the installing translation error, it is also increasing gradually along the center point of the curve surface to the edge, and the influence is severer to the curve surface with great curvature than that of the small curvature when the translation error is the same.     

Experimental Research on Output Performances of Giant Magnetostrictive Actuator

The paper introduces the performances of magnetostrictive actuators and its applications, discusses the design methods for the structure and internal magnetic circuit of a giant magnetostrictive actuator, and makes tests on the output displacement and force characteristics for an actuator using homemade magnetostrictive material. The experimental result shows that the actuator has satisfactory output precisions and ranges in transient and stable states, and can be used in lowfrequency vibration control system of precise equipment.     

Overview of Anti-tank Mines

First the different anti-tank mines laying possibilities are shortly summarized： hand emplaced, with mine layers, ground or helicopter relatively topographical well defined, and with cluster systems of projectiles, rockets and aircraft dispensers. Then examples of the three generations of anti-tank mines are presented：Ⅰ generation： detonating only beneath the track; Ⅱ generation： detonating beneath the track and belly; Ⅲ generation： mines with off-route actions. Weight and cost comparisons are strongly favoring the off-route Ⅲ-generation mines.     

A Finite Element Analysis on Static Strength of a Complex Section

A static finite element analysis （FEA） of an impulsive controller section is presented. The boundary condition and a part of the loads are applied. Considering the grades of the stress around the holes being large, the dense grids are adjusted accordingly. Four cases with different loads are compared, thus the influences of different loads on the section are analyzed. Numerical results show that the maximum stress of the section is lower than the strength limit of the material, and the section will not be broken with the static loads.     

Discussion on Mechanism of Breech-Blow Caused by Propellant Charge

From the view point of launch safety caused by fracture of propellant charge, this paper points out that the safety criterion of pressure wave is inadequate to evaluate the launch safety of propellant charge based on the initial negative differential pressure and sensitivity tests. Generally, the maximum barrel pressure does not depend upon the intensity of pressure wave correspondingly. The pressure wave intensity can not describe the fracture degree of propellant charge in chamber and reflect the mechanical environment of propellant charge fracturing exactly and wholly. The evaluation criterion for launch safety of propellant charge should be built on the basis of depicting the fracture degree of propellant bed.     

Experimental Studies of Toxicity on HNIW and Its Intermediates

The polycyclic nitramine hexanitrohexaazaisowurtane（HNIW） is a compound of high energy density. HNIW can replace 1, 3, 5-trinitro-1, 3, 5-triazacyclohexane（RDX） or HMX, hut its toxicity is unknown. In this paper, HNIW, hexabenzylhexaazaisowurtzitane （HBIW）, tetraacetyldibenzulhexaazaisowurtzitane （TADBIW）, tetraacetyldiformylhexaazaisowurtzitane（TADFIW） and tetraacetylhexaazaisowurtzitane（TAIW）, which are intermediates of the synthesis of the HNIW, were selected as the tested objects in acute toxicity test, acute eye stimulation test and skin irritation test according to the standards of ＂chemical product testing method-401 ： acute oral toxicity test＂, ＂chemical product testing means-405： acute eye irritation/corrosion test＂ and ＂chemical product testing means-404： acute dermal irritation/corrosion test＂ of National Circumstance Protect Bureau. The results show that all of the five objects have no toxicity, no stimulation to eye and skin under the tested conditions.     

Dynamic Simulation for Missile Erection System

In order to study the dynamic characteristics of the missile erection system, it can be considered as a rigid-flexible coupling multi-body system. Firstly, the actual system is abstracted as an equal and simplified one and then the forces applied to it are analyzed. Secondly, the rigid-flexible coupling dynamic simulation for erection system is accomplished by use of the system simulation software, for example Pro/E, ADAMS, ANSYS, MATLAB/Simulink, etc. Finally, having the aid of simulation results, the kinetic and dynamic characteristics of the flexible bodies in erection system are analyzed.The simulation considering the erection system as a rigid-flexible coupling system can provide valuable results to the research of its kinetic, dynamic and vibrational characteristics.