生物形态氧化铝复合高吸油树脂的合成及性能研究

本文以滤纸为模板,通过浸渍-高温煅烧法制得具有生物形态的氧化铝,利用乙烯基三乙氧基硅烷(A151)对所制备样品的表面进行疏水改性。利用悬浮聚合法制备了聚甲基丙烯酸丁酯、丙烯酸丁酯和苯乙烯的吸油树脂。根据正交实验结果,得出分散剂的用量为5 wt %、交联剂的用量为2 wt %、引发剂的用量为1.5 wt %、改性氧化铝的添加量为4 wt %,树脂的吸油倍率较原树脂有了明显的提高,而且复合树脂能够反复多次使用。对改性前后的氧化物进行红外光谱(IR)、透射电镜(TEM)、扫描电镜(SEM)以及动态疏水性分析;并对复合高吸油树脂进行扫描电镜(SEM)和热重(TG-DTA)分析。     

黄原胶接枝改性制备高吸水性树脂的研究

以丙烯酸和丙烯酰胺为单体,采用溶液聚合方法对黄原胶进行接枝改性,制备了黄原胶基新型高吸水性树脂。利用正交实验研究了引发剂用量、聚合反应温度、丙烯酸中和度、黄原胶与单体AA和AM质量比和交联剂用量等因素对合成高吸水性树脂的影响,利用傅立叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)、扫描电镜(SEM)对树脂进行了表征。实验结果表明,最佳合成聚合反应温度为65℃,m(黄原胶)∶m(AA)∶m(AM)=1∶5∶1,w(引发剂)=1.5%,丙烯酸中和度为70%,w(交联剂)=0.06%。红外光谱分析结果表明,丙烯酸和丙烯酰胺接枝到黄原胶分子链上;扫描电镜观察结果表明,树脂形成一种多孔网络结构。最佳合成条件下制备的高吸水性树脂吸自来水倍率达869.0 g/g,吸盐水倍率为126.7 g/g,重复利用性较好。     

环氧磷酸改性丙烯酸树脂的制备及其阻燃性能研究

利用双酚A环氧树脂E-51与磷酸制备环氧磷酸(EPPA),通过溶液聚合法制备EPPA改性丙烯酸树脂,并研究环氧磷酸用量对溶液聚合单体转化率的影响。采用红外光谱(FTIR)分析EPPA改性丙烯酸树脂的化学组成;通过热重分析(TGA)、极限氧指数(LOI)和UL-94方法测试EPPA改性丙烯酸树脂的热稳定性和阻燃性能,并利用扫描电镜(SEM)和能谱仪(EDS)观察并测试EPPA改性丙烯酸树脂的残炭微观形貌及元素组成。实验结果表明:随着改性树脂体系中EPPA用量的提高,聚合体系单体转化率逐渐下降,改性丙烯酸树脂的阻燃性逐渐提高。当EPPA的用量为w=30.0%时,改性树脂的LOI值可以达到26.7%,并能通过UL-94测试的V-0级别,700℃的成炭率可达w=24.8%,SEM和EDS对树脂残炭的微观形貌与元素组成分析证明磷元素在改性丙烯酸树脂体系中主要起到凝聚相阻燃作用。     

羟基硅油原位改性制备疏水性沉淀二氧化硅

采用羟基硅油原位改性制备疏水性沉淀二氧化硅。红外光谱（FT-IR）分析表明,羟基硅油通过化学键接枝到二氧化硅表面。扫描电镜（SEM）分析表明,原位改性改善了沉淀二氧化硅的团聚现象,使之分散性提高,与有机基体聚丙烯树脂的相容性增大。疏水性测试表明,羟基硅油203-B和203-D的用量（羟基硅油与原料中二氧化硅的质量比）达到17.9%时,疏水度分别达到24.59%和22.17%,羟基硅油相对分子质量越小,羟基含量越高,改性效果越明显。原位改性使沉淀二氧化硅吸油率降低。     

多元醇为交联剂制备AA/AMPS耐盐性高吸水性树脂

以丙烯酸(AA)和2-丙烯酰胺-2-甲基丙磺酸(AMPS)为单体,环己烷为油相,过硫酸铵为引发剂,采用反相悬浮聚合法制备耐盐性高吸水树脂。研究了单体物料比,交联剂种类及用量,水油比以及不同分散剂种类及配比对吸水树脂吸水率及耐盐率的影响,并通过扫描电子显微镜及傅里叶变换红外光谱对树脂结构进行表征。结果表明:m(AMPS)∶m(AA)为1.0∶10.0,中和度为75%,交联剂甘露醇用量(占单体质量)为6%,水油比为1.0∶3.0,分散剂span60用量(占单体质量)为8.0%,过硫酸铵用量(占单体质量)为0.5%时,制备的耐盐性高吸水树脂的吸水率和吸盐率最高,分别达到1 705,133 m L/g。耐盐性高吸水树脂表面光滑,结构疏松。     

秸秆基高吸水性树脂的性能研究

选用玉米秸秆作为原料,N,N′-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺(MBA)作为交联剂,丙烯酸(AA)、丙烯酰胺(AM)作为单体,采用水溶液聚合法,制备玉米秸秆基高吸水性树脂(SAR)。通过红外光谱(FTIR)和扫描电镜(SEM)对树脂进行表征,并研究了单体组成和交联剂用量对树脂吸水和保水性能的影响。结果表明:单体接枝于秸秆之上,树脂呈三维网状结构;随着单体中AM用量的增加,树脂各项性能先增强后减弱,AM质量分数为50%时吸水性能最佳;随着交联剂用量的增加,树脂吸水性能先增强后减弱,MBA质量分数为0.20%时性能最佳。     

核壳乳液的合成及对蔗渣纤维的疏水化改性

采用半连续种子乳液聚合法,以苯乙烯(St)、丙烯酸丁酯(BA)、甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯(GMA)为单体,十六烷基三甲基氯化铵(CTAC)为阳离子乳化剂,二甲基丙烯酸乙二醇酯(EGDMA)为交联剂,2,2-偶氮二(2-甲基丙基咪)二盐酸盐(AIBA)为阳离子引发剂,制备阳离子乳液。研究了乳化剂用量、引发剂用量、保温时间以及反应温度条件对乳液性能的影响。结果表明:在反应温度80℃、乳化剂用量为单体质量的6%、引发剂用量为单体质量的0.5%、保温时间为2 h时,单体转化率达到98.03%,核壳结构由透射电镜、纳米激光粒度仪表征,结果表明:乳胶粒子的平均粒径为57.21 nm,粒径分布窄(PDI=0.051),乳液的Zeta电位为47.62 m V。利用该乳液对蔗渣纤维进行表面疏水改性,并进行亲水性测试,结果表明,改性后蔗渣纤维接触角由0°提高至98°,疏水改性效果明显。     

疏水性FAS-Al_2O_3复合陶瓷膜的制备与表征

选用1H,1H,2H,2H-全氟癸基三乙基氧硅烷对自制的孔梯度结构氧化铝陶瓷膜表面进行改性,制备疏水性FAS-Al_2O_3氧化铝陶瓷复合膜。通过正交实验和膜表面接触角测试确定改性液浓度、改性时间和改性次数对膜接触角的影响。通过扫描电镜分析(SEM)、孔径及其分布测试、纯水通量以及红外光谱分析测试(IR)对改性前后的氧化铝陶瓷膜理化性质进行表征。对FAS-Al_2O_3复合疏水膜进行NaCl盐溶液的气隙式膜蒸馏实验,考察疏水性FAS-Al_2O_3复合陶瓷膜对NaCl溶液的膜蒸馏通量和对NaCl的截留性能。结果表明:接触角均在130°以上,最大达到156.2°,疏水效果显著;在进料温度为80℃,冷却侧温度为15℃,进料流量为12h/L的实验条件下,对质量分数为2%的NaCl溶液的截留率为98.5%,渗透通量为12.68kg/m2·h。     

魔芋接枝丙烯酰胺-丙烯酸/凹凸棒石高吸水性树脂的制备与性能

以凹凸棒石(AT)为无机填料,丙烯酰胺(AM)、丙烯酸(AA)两种单体同时对魔芋(KGM)进行接枝改性,采用水溶液聚合法制备了标题化合物。考察了各合成因素对树脂吸液倍率的影响,并采用FT-IR,SEM对树脂进行了表征。结果表明,当魔芋用量为15%(占单体丙烯酸质量百分比,下同)、凹凸棒石用量为30%、交联剂用量为0.08%、引发剂用量为0.4%和丙烯酰胺与丙烯酸的质量比为5∶1时,制备的树脂的吸蒸馏水倍率最高,达到978.47 g/g。红外光谱(FTIR)测试分析表明魔芋葡甘聚糖、丙烯酸、丙烯酰胺和凹凸棒石共同参与了接枝聚合反应。扫描电子显微镜(SEM)测试分析表明凹凸棒石的引入,树脂的表面变得粗糙并存在大小不一的孔隙。     

聚甲基丙烯酸丁酯-苯乙烯/凹凸棒土复合吸油材料的制备及吸油性能研究

以甲基丙烯酸丁酯(BMA)和苯乙烯(St)为单体,改性凹凸棒土(OATP)为无机添加物,采用悬浮聚合法制备聚甲基丙烯酸丁酯-苯乙烯/凹凸棒土复合吸油材料(P(BMA-St)/OATP)。考察了改性凹土添加量、分散剂聚乙烯醇(PVA)用量、单体配比m(BMA):m(St)、交联剂二乙烯基苯(DVB)用量和引发剂偶氮二异丁腈(AIBN)用量对复合吸油材料吸油倍率的影响,确定了实验条件范围内吸油倍率的最佳工艺参数。当单体质量比为7:5、OATP添加量、PVA用量、DVB用量与AIBN用量分别为单体总质量的3%、3%、0.5%与1%时,对模拟油甲苯的吸油倍率达到17.8 g?g-1。相同实验条件下,P(BMA-St)/OATP的吸油倍率、保油率与再生性能都优于纯树脂P(BMA-St)。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料，介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比，介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序，对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

Inorganic/organic nanocomposite coatings: The next step in coating performance

Inorganic/organic hybrid materials have considerable promise and are beginning to become a major area of research for many coating usages, including abrasion and corrosion resistance. Our primary approach is to prepare the inorganic phase in situ within the film formation process of the organic phase. The inorganic phase is introduced via sol-gel chemistry into a thermosetting organic phase. By this method, the size, periodicity, spatial positioning, and density of the inorganic phase can be controlled. An important aspect of the inorganic/organic hybrid materials is the coupling agent. The initial task of the coupling agent is to provide uniform mixing of the oligomeric organic phase with the sol-gel precursors, which are otherwise immiscible. UV-curable inorganic/organic hybrid systems have the advantages of a rapid cure and the ability to be used on heat sensitive substrates such as molded plastics. Also, it is possible to have better control of the growth of the inorganic phase using UV curing. It is our ultimate goal to completely separate the curing of inorganic and organic phases to gain complete control over the morphology, and hence optimization of “all” the coating properties. Thus far, it has been found that concomitant UV curing of the inorganic and organic phases using titanium sol-gel precursors afforded nanocomposite coatings which completely block the substrate from UV light while maintaining a transparent to visible light. Also, it has been found that the morphology of the inorganic phase is highly dependent on the concentration and reactivity of the coupling agent. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004, in Chicago, IL.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Some Large Wood-Boring Beetles in Southeastern USA

Ethanol and α-pinene were tested as attractants for large wood-boring pine beetles in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina in 2002–2004. Multiple-funnel traps baited with (−)-α-pinene (released at about 2 g/d at 25–28°C) were attractive to the following Cerambycidae: Acanthocinus nodosus, A. obsoletus, Arhopalus rusticus nubilus, Asemum striatum, Monochamus titillator, Prionus pocularis, Xylotrechus integer, and X. sagittatus sagittatus. Buprestis lineata (Buprestidae), Alaus myops (Elateridae), and Hylobius pales and Pachylobius picivorus (Curculionidae) were also attracted to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene. In many locations, ethanol synergized attraction of the cerambycids Acanthocinus nodosus, A. obsoletus, Arhopalus r. nubilus, Monochamus titillator, and Xylotrechus s. sagittatus (but not Asemum striatum, Prionus pocularis, or Xylotrechus integer) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene. Similarly, attraction of Alaus myops, Hylobius pales, and Pachylobius picivorus (but not Buprestis lineata) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene was synergized by ethanol. These results provide support for the use of traps baited with ethanol and (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common large wood-boring beetles from the southeastern region of the USA at ports-of-entry in other countries, as well as forested areas in the USA.