桐柏县老和尚帽地区银多金属成矿带地质特征及成矿预测

对老和尚帽地区区域地质背景、控矿因素、遥感及物化探特征的综合分析后认为,矿源层、NWW向次级正断层、燕山期岩浆岩、重磁场歧变带、遥感环带状影像区及Ag衬值异常强度和异常面积的大小都是该区银多金属矿床的很重要的找矿信息。通过分析,确立了综合找矿标志,并采用矿床模型法,依据资源总量进行找矿靶区的定位预测。圈定了七处可供进一步普查的银多金属找矿靶区。     

火山成因块状硫化物矿床遥感示范研究——以甘肃省白银矿田为例

根据白银矿田区域成矿地质背景,矿床地质特征,成矿规律等方面的特征,对矿田及周边地区进行了遥感地质解译,通过对区域地层、构造、岩浆岩因素的综合分析,圈定了遥感找矿靶区,初步建立了火山成因块状硫化物矿床遥感找矿模型,对火山成因块状硫化物矿床进行了遥感示范研究。     

新疆西昆仑玛尔坎苏-穆呼锰矿带地质特征与定量预测

近年来,在西昆仑-昆盖山-库尔浪Fe-Cu-Mn多金属矿带发现2处大型锰矿床,表明该区锰矿成矿地质条件优越,找矿潜力巨大。通过系统收集资料,对西昆仑玛尔坎苏-穆呼锰矿带地质特征进行了归纳和总结,采用矿床模型综合地质信息预测方法,对该地区锰矿资源潜力进行了预测。以穆呼锰矿为典型矿床,结合区域地球化学、地球物理异常,总结区域锰矿控矿要素,建立预测模型,圈定找矿靶区4处,预测锰矿资源量7 939.08×104t,为区域锰矿地质勘查提供方向。     

火山成因块状硫化物矿床遥感示范研究——以甘肃省白银矿田为例

根据白银矿田区域成矿地质背景,矿床地质特征,成矿规律等方面的特征,对矿田及周边地区进行了遥感地质解译,通过对区域地层、构造、岩浆岩因素的综合分析,圈定了遥感找矿靶区,初步建立了火山成因块状硫化物矿床遥感找矿模型,对火山成因块状硫化物矿床进行了遥感示范研究。     

云南德钦羊拉铜矿综合信息找矿模型及外围找矿预测

羊拉铜矿是金沙江成矿带北端的典型矿床。在充分收集数据资料和总结前人成果的基础上,通过对研究区的区域地质背景、典型矿床地质特征、成矿类型、地质控矿因素、物化探异常特征、遥感线环解译和蚀变特征的研究,获取区域找矿标志,并建立了羊拉铜矿区综合信息找矿模型。利用此模型,对研究区进行了找矿预测,共圈定和评价了6个找矿靶区。     

内蒙古额济纳旗红石山金矿三维成矿条件分析与成矿预测

分析了内蒙古额济纳旗红石山金矿床地质特征和控矿地质条件,总结了研究区成矿规律及找矿标志在深部的变化规律,建立了该区域的找矿地质模型,利用Surpac软件对区内地层、断裂构造、岩体、已知矿体、物化探异常等成矿预测因子进行了三维实体建模;采用立方体预测模型法对三维实体模型进行空间分割,并依据建立的找矿地质模型,给每一个立方体单元块赋相应属性值,建立数字找矿模型;进而对研究区地质、地球物理、地球化学等9个预测变量进行三维成矿有利条件分析与提取,采用三维信息法计算并统计各预测变量所包含的信息量,确定成矿有利组合的空间部位,并结合研究区内实际地质情况、已有见矿工程分布等因素圈定了3处找矿靶区;最后采用体积估计法计算得到3处找矿靶区的总资源量为4.67 t。     

彝良-镇雄铅锌矿矿集区资源潜力分析

矿集区构造、地层、遥感数据等控矿因素结合统计和分析,建立地质综合信息数学信息模型,并据此确定信息量边界值,在矿集区内圈定3个找矿有利靶区,一个A级两个B级。     

黑龙江石墨矿资源潜力预测

在区域成矿环境及典型矿床研究的基础上,系统总结了黑龙江沉积变质型晶质石墨矿成矿特征,深入分析了成矿地质作用及控矿因素。建立了柳毛式沉积变质型晶质石墨典型矿床区域预测模型,在预测工作区圈定和优选了217个最小预测区,采用地质体积法估算石墨矿物的预测资源量。指出黑龙江石墨找矿潜力大,为今后石墨矿勘查部署提供了重要的地质依据。     

豫西金矿地质特征与构造控矿探讨

豫西地区是国家重点金多金属成矿区带,成矿地质条件优越,区内金及多金属矿类型多样。通过对研究区地质特征及成矿地质条件的分析,得出区内金及多金属矿矿床形成受多重因素控制,包括地层、构造以及岩浆岩因素,并且在这些因素中,构造控矿占主导。在此基础上,将研究区内金矿矿床类型分为构造蚀变岩型金矿床、构造破碎带型金矿床、斑岩型金矿床以及爆破角砾岩筒型金矿床4种类型,并对每一种类型选取1个典型的矿床进行具体讲述。依据对研究区成矿地质特征以及5种构造控矿类型的叙述,论述了拆离-变质核杂岩构造对金矿成矿的构造控矿作用和构造控矿规律,并根据该区金矿矿床成矿规律,提出选取找矿靶区的8项依据,最后优选出7处找矿有利靶区。     

湘西-黔东地区铅锌矿床找矿模型与定量预测

湘西-黔东地区位于扬子陆块东南缘,已发现铅锌矿床（点）200余处,是中国重要铅锌资源战略接续区之一。对该地区铅锌矿床控矿因素与找矿标志的研究结果表明：铅锌矿床受地层、岩相、构造三者的综合控制,即特定的地层岩性组合、台地边缘中缓坡相、区域性断裂和背斜及次生或派生裂隙构造为主要控矿因素;含菱锌矿或褐铁矿的氧化露头,方解石化、黄铁矿化、重晶石化或沥青化等围岩蚀变,Pb、Zn、Cd、CaO、Hg单元素化探异常及Pb-Zn-Cd元素组合化探异常为该地区铅锌矿床的主要找矿标志。综合控矿因素与找矿标志研究结果,构建了研究区铅锌矿床的地质-地球化学找矿模型,并以此模型为基础,在GIS平台上利用特征分析法进行了综合信息矿产定量预测。根据研究区铅锌矿床预测单元联系度等值线图,圈定出A级找矿远景区2个和B级找矿远景区2个,提出松桃、镇远—铜仁、都匀—凯里地区应作为后续铅锌找矿勘查工作重点区。     

Isotopic systematics of He,Ar, S,Cu, Ni,Re, Os,Pb, U,Sm, Nd,Rb, Sr,Lu, and Hf in the rocks and ores of the Norilsk deposits

This paper reports the first results of a study of 11 isotope systems (³He/⁴He, ⁴⁰Ar/³⁶Ar, ³⁴S/³²S, ⁶⁵Cu/⁶³Cu, ⁶²Ni/⁶⁰Ni, ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr, ¹⁴³Nd/¹⁴⁴Nd, ^206–208Pb/²⁰⁴Pb, Hf–Nd, U–Pb, and Re–Os) in the rocks and ores of the Cu–Ni–PGE deposits of the Norilsk ore district. Almost all the results were obtained at the Center of Isotopic Research of the Karpinskii All-Russia Research Institute of Geology. The use of a number of independent genetic isotopic signatures and comprehensive isotopic knowledge provided a methodic basis for the interpretation of approximately 5000 isotopic analyses of various elements. The presence of materials from two sources, crust and mantle, was detected in the composition of the rocks and ores. The contribution of the crustal source is especially significant in the paleofluids (gas–liquid microinclusions) of the ore-forming medium. Crustal solutions were probably a transport medium during ore formation. Air argon is dominant in the ores, which indicates a connection between the paleofluids and the atmosphere. This suggests intense groundwater circulation during the crystallization of ore minerals. The age of the rocks and ores of the Norilsk deposits was determined. The stage of orebody formation is restricted to a narrow age interval of 250 ± 10 Ma. An isotopic criterion was proposed for the ore-bearing potential of mafic intrusions in the Norilsk–Taimyr region. It includes several interrelated isotopic ratios of various elements: He, Ar, S, and others.     

高压微波消解法测定醋酸纤维过滤器采集的微尘粒子中的砷镉钴铬铜铁锰镍铅钒锌

最新的流行病学研究表明,空气中较高浓度的悬浮细颗粒可能对人类的健康有不利的影响。根据该项研究显示,由于心脏病、慢性呼吸问题和肺功能指标恶化而导致死亡率的升高与细尘粒子有关。这些研究结果已经促使欧盟于1999年4月出台了限制空气中二氧化硫、二氧化氮、氧化氮、铅和颗粒物含量的法案(1999/30/EC),对各项指标包括对可吸入PM10颗粒的浓度提出了新的限制性指标。PM10颗粒是指可以通过预分级器分离采集的气体动力学直径小于10μm的细颗粒。目前研究的兴趣重点逐步偏向PM2.5这些更细微颗粒物,PM2.5这种颗粒物对健康有明显的不利影响。在欧盟指令2008/50/EC中,对PM10和PM2.5都提     

Wavelength-dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometric determination of Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in komatiites

Komatiites are mantle-derived ultramafic volcanic rocks. Komatiites have been discovered in several States of India, notably in Karnataka. Studies on the distribution of trace-elements in the komatiites of India are very few. This paper proposes a simple, accurate, precise, rapid, and non-destructive wavelength-dispersive x-ray fluorescence (WDXRF) spectrometric technique for determining Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in komatiites, and discusses the accuracy, precision, limits of detection, x-ray spectral-line interferences, inter-element effects, speed, advantages, and limitations of the technique. The accuracy of the technique is excellent (within 3%) for Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th and very good (within 4%) for Y. The precision is also excellent (within 3%) for Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th. The limits of detection are: 1 ppm for Sc and V; 2 ppm for Cr, Co, and Ni; 3 ppm for Cu, Zn, Rb, and Sr; 4 ppm for Y and Zr; 6 ppm for Nb; 10 ppm for Ba; 13 ppm for Pb; and 14 ppm for Th. The time taken for determining Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in a batch of 24 samples of komatiites, for a replication of four analyses per sample, by one operator, using a manual WDXRF spectrometer, is only 60 hours.     

Mercury,arsenic, antimony,and selenium contents of sediment from the Kuskokwim River,Bethel, Alaska,USA

The Kuskokwim River at Bethel, Alaska, drains a major mercury-antimony metallogenic province in its upper reaches and tributaries. Bethel (population 4000) is situated on the Kuskokwim floodplain and also draws its water supply from wells located in river-deposited sediment. A boring through overbank and floodplain sediment has provided material to establish a baseline datum for sediment-hosted heavy metals. Mercury (total), arsenic, antimony, and selenium contents were determined; aluminum was also determined and used as normalizing factor. The contents of the heavy metals were relatively constant with depth and do not reflect any potential enrichment from upstream contaminant sources.     

Roles of xenomelts,xenoliths, xenocrysts,xenovolatiles, residues,and skarns in the genesis,transport, and localization of magmatic Fe-Ni-Cu-PGE sulfides and chromite

Most sulfide-rich magmatic Ni-Cu-(PGE) deposits form in dynamic magmatic systems by partial melting S-bearing wall rocks with variable degrees of assimilation of miscible silicate and volatile components, and generation of barren to weakly-mineralized immiscible Fe sulfide xenomelts into which Ni-Cu-Co-PGE partition from the magma. Some exceptionally-thick magmatic Cr deposits may form by partial melting oxide-bearing wall rocks with variable degrees of assimilation of the miscible silicate and volatile components, and generation of barren Fe ± Ti oxide xenocrysts into which Cr-Mg-V ± Ti partition from the magma. The products of these processes are variably preserved as skarns, residues, xenoliths, xenocrysts, xenomelts, and xenovolatiles, which play important to critical roles in ore genesis, transport, localization, and/or modification. Incorporation of barren xenoliths/autoliths may induce small amounts of sulfide/chromite to segregate, but incorporation of sulfide xenomelts or oxide xenocrysts with dynamic upgrading of metal tenors (PGE > Cu > Ni > Co and Cr > V > Ti, respectively) is required to make significant ore deposits. Silicate xenomelts are only rarely preserved, but will be variably depleted in chalcophile and ferrous metals. Less dense felsic xenoliths may aid upward sulfide transport by increasing the effective viscosity and decreasing the bulk density of the magma. Denser mafic or metamorphosed xenoliths may also increase the effective viscosity of the magma, but may aid downward sulfide transport by increasing the bulk density of the magma. Sulfide wets olivine, so olivine xenocrysts may act as filter beds to collect advected finely dispersed sulfide droplets, but other silicates and xenoliths may not be wetted by sulfides. Xenovolatiles may retard settling of – or in some cases float – dense sulfide droplets. Reactions of sulfide melts with felsic country rocks may generate Fe-rich skarns that may allow sulfide melts to fractionate to more extreme Cu-Ni-rich compositions. Xenoliths, xenocrysts, xenomelts, and xenovolatiles are more likely to be preserved in cooler basaltic magmas than in hotter komatiitic magmas, and are more likely to be preserved in less dynamic (less turbulent) systems/domain/phases than in more dynamic (more turbulent) systems/domains/phases. Massive to semi-massive Ni-Cu-PGE and Cr mineralization and xenoliths are often localized within footwall embayments, dilations/jogs in dikes, throats of magma conduits, and the horizontal segments of dike-chonolith and dike-sill complexes, which represent fluid dynamic traps for both ascending and descending sulfides/oxides. If skarns, residues, xenoliths, xenocrysts, xenomelts, and/or xenovolatiles are present, they provide important constraints on ore genesis and they are valuable exploration indicators, but they must be included in elemental and isotopic mass balance calculations.     

Regional distribution of Al,B, Ba,Ca, K,La, Mg,Mn, Na,P, Rb,Si, Sr,Th, U and Y in terrestrial moss within a 188,000 km2 area of the central Barents region: influence of geology,seaspray and human activity

Five hundred and ninety-eight samples of terrestrial moss (Hylocomium splendens and Pleurozium schreberi) collected from a 188,000 km² area of the central Barents region (NE Norway, N Finland, NW Russia) were analysed by ICP-AES and ICP-MS. Analytical results for Al, B, Ba, Ca, K, La, Mg, Mn, Na, P, Rb, Si, Sr, Th, U and Y concentrations are reported here. Graphical methods of data analysis, such as geochemical maps, cumulative frequency diagrams, boxplots and scatterplots, are used to interpret the origin of the patterns for these elements. None of the elements reported here are emitted in significant amounts from the smelting industry on the Kola Peninsula. Despite the conventional view that moss chemistry reflects atmospheric element input, the nature of the underlying mineral substrate (regolith or bedrock) is found to have a considerable influence on moss composition for several elements. This influence of the chemistry of the mineral substrate can take place in a variety of ways. (1) It can be completely natural, reflecting the ability of higher plants to take up elements from deep soil horizons and shed them with litterfall onto the surface. (2) It can result from naturally increased soil dust input where vegetation is scarce due to harsh climatic conditions for instance. Alternatively, substrate influence can be enhanced by human activity, such as open-cast mining, creation of ‘technogenic deserts’, or handling, transport and storage of ore and ore products, all of which magnify the natural elemental flux from bedrock to ground vegetation. Seaspray is another natural process affecting moss composition in the area (Mg, Na), and this is most visible in the Norwegian part of the study area. Presence or absence of some plant species, e.g., lichens, seems to influence moss chemistry. This is shown by the low concentrations of B or K in moss on the Finnish and Norwegian side of the (fenced) border with Russia, contrasting with high concentrations on the other side (intensive reindeer husbandry west of the border has selectively depleted the lichen population).     

Petrographic, mineralogy, and geochemistry of coals of Pabedana, Kerman Province, Central Iran

This paper discusses the result of the detailed investigations carried out on the coal characteristics, including coal petrography and its geochemistry of the Pabedana region. A total of 16 samples were collected from four coal seams d2, d4, d5, and d6 of the Pabedana underground mine which is located in the central part of the Central-East Iranian Microcontinent. These samples were reduced to four samples through composite sampling of each seam and were analyzed for their petrographic, mineralogical, and geochemical compositions. Proximate analysis data of the Pabedana coals indicate no major variations in the moisture, ash, volatile matter, and fixed carbon contents in the coals of different seams. Based on sulfur content, the Pabedana coals may be classified as low-sulfur coals. The low-sulfur contents in the Pabedana coal and relatively low proportion of pyritic sulfur suggest a possible fresh water environment during the deposition of the peat of the Pabedana coal. X-ray diffraction and petrographic analyses indicate the presence of pyrite in coal samples. The Pabedana coals have been classified as a high volatile, bituminous coal in accordance with the vitrinite reflectance values (58.75–74.32 %) and other rank parameters (carbon, calorific value, and volatile matter content). The maceral analysis and reflectance study suggest that the coals in all the four seams are of good quality with low maceral matter association. Mineralogical investigations indicate that the inorganic fraction in the Pabedana coal samples is dominated by carbonates; thus, constituting the major inorganic fraction of the coal samples. Illite, kaolinite, muscovite, quartz, feldspar, apatite, and hematite occur as minor or trace phases. The variation in major elements content is relatively narrow between different coal seams. Elements Sc,, Zr, Ga, Ge, La, As, W, Ce, Sb, Nb, Th, Pb, Se, Tl, Bi, Hg, Re, Li, Zn, Mo, and Ba show varying negative correlation with ash yield. These elements possibly have an organic affinity and may be present as primary biological concentrations either with tissues in living condition and/or through sorption and formation of organometallic compounds.     

Sharp-based, tide-dominated deltas of the Sego Sandstone, Book Cliffs, Utah, USA

The lower part of the Cretaceous Sego Sandstone Member of the Mancos Shale in east‐central Utah contains three 10‐ to 20‐m thick layers of tide‐deposited sandstone arranged in a forward‐ and then backward‐stepping stacking pattern. Each layer of tidal sandstone formed during an episode of shoreline regression and transgression, and offshore wave‐influenced marine deposits separating these layers formed after subsequent shoreline transgression and marine ravinement. Detailed facies architecture studies of these deposits suggest sandstone layers formed on broad tide‐influenced river deltas during a time of fluctuating relative sea‐level. Shale‐dominated offshore marine deposits gradually shoal and become more sandstone‐rich upward to the base of a tidal sandstone layer. The tidal sandstones have sharp erosional bases that formed as falling relative sea‐level allowed tides to scour offshore marine deposits. The tidal sandstones were deposited as ebb migrating tidal bars aggraded on delta fronts. Most delta top deposits were stripped during transgression. Where the distal edge of a deltaic sandstone is exposed, a sharp‐based stack of tidal bar deposits successively fines upward recording a landward shift in deposition after maximum lowstand. Where more proximal parts of a deltaic‐sandstone are exposed, a sharp‐based upward‐coarsening succession of late highstand tidal bar deposits is locally cut by fluvial valleys, or tide‐eroded estuaries, formed during relative sea‐level lowstand or early stages of a subsequent transgression. Estuary fills are highly variable, reflecting local depositional processes and variable rates of sediment supply along the coastline. Lateral juxtaposition of regressive deltaic deposits and incised transgressive estuarine fills produced marked facies changes in sandstone layers along strike. Estuarine fills cut into the forward‐stepped deltaic sandstone tend to be more deeply incised and richer in sandstone than those cut into the backward‐stepped deltaic sandstone. Tidal currents strongly influenced deposition during both forced regression and subsequent transgression of shorelines. This contrasts with sandstones in similar basinal settings elsewhere, which have been interpreted as tidally influenced only in transgressive parts of depositional successions.