四棱豆蛋白质提取工艺研究

以四棱豆为原料,采用碱溶酸析法,通过正交试验,以凯氏定氮法测得四棱豆蛋白质含量和提取率,对碱溶pH值、酸析pH值、提取温度、料液比4个因素进行优化研究,以寻求四棱豆蛋白质提取的最佳提取方法.结果表明,四棱豆蛋白质提取的最优工艺条件为碱溶pH值10.0,酸析pH值4.0,提取温度35 ℃,料液比1:15( m:v).     

清香青翠的四棱豆

四棱豆的形态和扁豆有些相似，不过却长有四条棱，而且每条棱的边缘都呈波浪形。此外，四棱豆特有的清香味也是很多豆荚类食材所不具备的。     

四棱豆的营养保健作用与开发利用

四棱豆在我国可广泛栽培，富含人体必需的多种营养成分，并且其鲜英、种子、块根、叶等具有多种医疗作用。本文综述了四棱豆的营养特点及其保健功效，为四棱豆的综合利用开辟了一条途径。     

复合蛋白酶水解四棱豆蛋白质工艺条件的研究

以湖南怀化出产的四棱豆为原料,采用复合蛋白酶水解四棱豆蛋白质。在单因素试验的基础上,进行正交试验设计,研究各因素对其水解度的影响,对酶解的工艺条件进行优化。结果表明,最佳工艺条件为酶解温度45℃、pH 7.0、酶用量5%、酶解时间5 h,水解度可达到18.59%。     

四棱豆营养成分及抗营养因子的研究进展

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四棱豆叶中凝集素的提取及其凝集活性研究

以四棱豆鲜叶为原料,对凝集素的提取条件及其凝集活性进行研究。结果表明:凝集活性(Aa)对血凝效果评价准确性高于凝集效价。四棱豆叶的凝集素提取液中蛋白质含量与凝集活性之间具有显著相关性;蛋白质含量和凝集活性均较高,分别为11.397%和0.469。料液比1:30处理对四棱豆叶蛋白质提取效果最好,提取凝集素时需参考蛋白质提取因素和水平的影响。     

四棱豆营养成分及抗营养因子的研究进展

四棱豆素有"金色豆子"的美誉,富含多种人体必需营养素,是集食、药、饲、肥多功能于一体的豆科植物.本文就国内外对四棱豆中营养成分、生物活性成分及抗营养因子的相关研究与利用进行简要综述.     

四棱豆总黄酮抗氧化和抗肝损伤作用研究

目的：探讨四棱豆总黄酮体外和体内抗氧化能力以及对CCl4诱导小鼠肝损伤的修复效果。方法：利用超声波辅助提取四棱豆种子总黄酮,以1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼（1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl,DPPH）自由基、2,2’-联氮-二（3-乙基-苯并噻唑-6-磺酸）二铵盐（2,2’-azinobis-（3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonate）,ABTS）自由基、羟自由基的清除率和还原力表征四棱豆总黄酮的抗氧化活性。利用CCl4诱导昆明小鼠肝损伤,以不同剂量的四棱豆总黄酮灌胃7 d,测定血清中谷草转氨酶、碱性磷酸酶、谷丙转氨酶、γ-谷氨酰转肽酶活性和总胆红素含量,测定肝、肾组织中的超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化氢酶活性及谷胱甘肽、丙二醛含量,免疫组化法观察肝细胞中肿瘤坏死因子-α（tumor necrosis factor-α,TNF-α）表达水平,苏木精-伊红染色观察肝脏组织病理学变化。结果：体外抗氧化实验表明四棱豆总黄酮具有较强的抗氧化效果,四棱豆总黄酮各剂量组均能降低CCl4致小鼠急性肝损伤血清谷草转氨酶、碱性磷酸酶、谷丙转氨酶、谷氨酰转肽酶活性和总胆红素含量升高,降低肝、肾组织中丙二醛含量,增强超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化氢酶活性和谷胱甘肽含量,抑制肝细胞中TNF-α表达,减轻CCl4对肝组织的损伤。结论：四棱豆总黄酮对CCl4致小鼠急性肝损伤具有一定的保护作用,其保护机制可能与清除自由基、抑制脂质过氧化、抑制TNF-α表达有关。     

不同处理对四棱豆脂肪氧化酶活性的抑制作用

采用湿热处理、酸处理等不同的方法对四棱豆种子进行处理,结果表明：四棱豆脂肪氧化酶的最适作用pH 值范围为8～9,将pH 值调至3 以下能够有效地抑制四棱豆脂肪氧化酶的活性;在90℃热烫处理条件下,四棱豆脂肪氧化酶的活性大大被抑制;巯基试剂与各金属络合剂联用时,对四棱豆脂肪氧化酶的抑制效果较好,可以明显钝化四棱豆脂肪氧化酶的活性。     

四棱豆硒蛋白与其它硒源的生物利用研究

以雌性SD大鼠为研究对象建立低硒的动物模型,通过灌胃的形式给大鼠分别补充不同剂量的亚硒酸钠、富硒酵母和四棱豆硒蛋白。检测大鼠血清和肝肾中的硒含量、谷胱甘肽过氧化氢酶（GSH-px）、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、硫氧还蛋白还原酶（TrxR）的活性和丙二醛（MDA）的含量来比较其生物利用的效果。结果表明:与低硒对照组相比,所有加硒处理组的大鼠血、肝、肾中的硒含量以及所含的硒酶活性均明显提高（P<0.05）,在同一补硒水平上,亚硒酸钠组的肝肾硒含量低于富硒酵母组和四棱豆硒蛋白组（P<0.05）;亚硒酸钠组的血清和肝肾的谷胱甘肽过氧化氢酶（GSH-px）、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、硫氧还蛋白还原酶（TrxR）的活性和丙二醛（MDA）的含量都低于富硒酵母组和四棱豆硒蛋白组（P<0.05）。结论:四棱豆硒蛋白和富硒酵母增加大鼠的硒含量高于亚硒酸钠组（P<0.05）,其它硒酶的影响是四棱豆硒蛋白最优,硒蛋白能更好地被低硒大鼠吸收利用。      

Laboratory Scale Production of Winged Bean Curd

Procedures for the preparation of 100% winged bean or mixed winged bean-soybean curd employing the essential steps of soy curd production have been developed and optimized. Use of magnesium chloride, gluconodelta lactone, acetic acid and calcium sulfate as coagulants was investigated. The results showed that while curd formation was not facilitated by acetic acid, sticky and less cohesive curds could be formed with magnesium chloride and gluconodelta lactone. Calcium sulfate precipitation resulted in a semi-solid and appreciably cohesive curd from winged bean. Winged bean curd had very low hardness value in comparison to soy tofu. Curd products prepared from five ratios of winged bean-soybean mixtures indicate that 50:50 and 25:75 winged bean-soybean combinations by weight resulted in satisfactory products.     

四棱豆乳酸发酵饮料的研制

以四棱豆为主要原料,用驯化的乳酸菌种进行发酵制备四棱豆乳酸发酵饮料,实验结果表明制作的最佳工艺条件为按豆水比1:10 磨成豆浆,加入8%(m/m)的蔗糖,经85℃、20min 灭菌,冷却后接入经豆奶驯化好的乳酸菌剂3%(V/V),置于42～44℃恒温发酵3.5h,再置于4～6℃冰箱中后熟6h,即成营养丰富、酸甜适中的四棱豆乳酸发酵饮料。     

Carbohydrate Composition of Winged Bean (Psophocarpus tetragonolobus)

The carbohydrate composition of winged bean has been studied. The seeds contain about 42.2% total carbohydrates of which starch alone accounts for 36.2%. The total monosaccharides constituted 2.7% and were identified as glucose (1.17%) and fructose (1.5%); oligosaccharides amounted to only 0.61% and were identified as sucrose, raffinose, stachyose, and verbascose, on a dry defatted basis. The cold water soluble gum of winged bean contains glucose and xylose as the major sugars together with a small amount of arabinose while hot water soluble gum was found to be a glucantype polymer. Hemicellulose A consisted of glucose, xylose, and arabinose (15.5:9:1) whereas hemicellulose B consisted exclusively of glucose indicating that it is also a glucan-type polymer.     

Bioavailability of Zinc and Iron from Mature Winged Bean Seed Flour

The relative bioavailability of zinc and iron from mature winged bean (Psophocarpus tetragonolobus) flour was determined utilizing standard rat bioassay procedures. Weight gain of rats after 21 days and total bone (tibia) zinc resulting from zinc addition to the standard diet as zinc carbonate or from zinc endogenous to winged bean flour were compared. The relative bioavailability of winged bean zinc was calculated to be 85% (P < 0.05) and 93% (N.S.) when weight gain and log tibia zinc were the criteria of evaluation. The results of the hemoglobin repletion assay indicated that iron from winged bean was 89% (N.S.) as bioavailable iron from ferrous sulfate.     

Chemical Composition Studies on Winged Bean (Psophocarpus tetragonolobus) Tubers

To add data to the very limited information on winged bean tubers, samples from 26 varieties were analyzed for proximate analysis, tannin, trypsin inhibitor activity (TIA) and nonprotein nitrogen (NPN). The averages obtained were: crude fat, 0.96%, ash, 2.94%; acid detergent fiber, 16.56%; crude protein, 16.4%; carbohydrate, 57.72%; tannin, 5.32 mg/g tubers; trypsin inhibitor, 1033 TIU/g tubers. NPN constituted only a small percentage (16.2%) of the total nitrogen indicating that most of the nitrogen is protein. A significant proportion of NPN (76%) was ninhydrin positive, indicating free amino adds, peptides and possibly other amines. Tannin concentration was higher than those present in seeds. The presence of TIA necessitates heat processing before consumption.     

Tepary Bean Starch Part III: In vitro Digestibility

In vitro digestibility of starch from tepary bean, Phaseolus acutifolius var. latifolius, was determined in comparison with tepary bean flour and maize starch. The extent of sample hydrolysis by α-amylase was measured as mg reducing sugar (maltose) released per 100 mg substrate. After 2 h incubation at 37°C, values obtained for tepary starch, tepary flour and maize starch treated in various ways were as follows: raw 8.0, 8.6 and 25.6; freeze dried 2.6, 3.2 and 17.8; autoclaved 7.4, 5.7 and 27.7; cooked (15 min) 81.7, 23.1 and 87.8; resp. Raw tepary starch was more resistant to hydrolysis than maize starch due, perhaps, to differences in granule structure and amylose content. Freeze-drying and autoclaving slightly decreased digestibility of both tepary starch and flour. Cooking greatly increased susceptibility to hydrolysis for each substrate. The rate of increase was reduced after 15 min exposure to enzymes, and no appreciable difference was found between cooked tepary and maize starches.     

绿豆皮与绿豆肉的营养成分分析及对比

本文研究绿豆皮与绿豆仁的营养成分,并进行分析及对比。结果表明：绿豆仁粗蛋白质含量较高,达19.78%;蛋白质的氨基酸组成中,谷氨酸,天冬氨酸,精氨酸含量较高,分别为3.56%,1.87%,1.12%。绿豆皮的膳食纤维含量较高,总膳食纤维65.85%,其中不可溶性膳食纤维61.76%,可溶性膳食纤维3.75%。通过紫外全波长扫描发现绿豆皮的黄酮类含量较高,而绿豆仁的维生素类含量较高。     

豆渣方便保健食品加工工艺

针对豆渣的特点进行营养强化，采用油炸，调味，干燥工艺制作豆渣方便保健品。