病理性瘢痕中c—fos原癌基因的表达

目的：病理性瘢痕是创伤过度愈合的结果，以成纤维细胞的异常增殖，合成及分泌大量胶原和细胞外基质为特征，其形成机理仍不清楚，探讨原癌基因c-fos的表达与病理性瘢痕形成的相关性，方法：应用免疫组化SP法，检测c-fos蛋白在增生性产痕，产痕疙瘩及正常皮肤组织中的表达和分布，并用图像定量分析比较其差异。结果；在增生性瘢痕和瘢痕疙瘩的成纤维细胞中c-fos呈强阳性表达，两组间无明显差异，而与正常皮肤对照组均有显著性差异。结论：增生性瘢痕与瘢痕疙瘩中c-fos蛋白表达升高，存在c-fos癌基因的激活，可能参与了成纤维细胞的分化增殖，胶原合成与降解以及对细胞因子的调控，并导致瘢痕增生。     

病理性瘢痕中原癌基因c—myc和c—fos的表达

目的：探讨原癌基因的表达与病理性瘢痕形成的相关性。方法：应用免疫组化SP法。检测c-myc和c-fos蛋白在增生性瘢痕，瘢痕疙瘩和正常皮肤组织中的表达和分布，并用图像定量分析比较其差异。结果：在增生性瘢痕和瘢痕疙瘩的成纤维细胞中c-myc,c-fos呈强阳性表达，两组间无明显差异，而与正常皮肤对照组均有显著性差异，结论：增生性瘢痕与瘢痕疙瘩中c-myc,c-fos蛋白表达升高，存在c-myc和c-fos原癌基因的激活，可能参与了成纤维细胞的分化增殖或表型转化，胶原合成与降解以及对细胞因子的调控，并导致瘢痕增生。     

病理性瘢痕中原癌基因c-myc和c-fos的表达

目的探讨原癌基因的表达与病理性瘢痕形成的相关性.方法应用免疫组化SP法,检测c-myc和c-fos蛋白在增生性瘢痕、瘢痕疙瘩和正常皮肤组织中的表达和分布,并用图像定量分析比较其差异.结果在增生性瘢痕和瘢痕疙瘩的成纤维细胞中c-myc、c-fos呈强阳性表达,两组间无明显差异,而与正常皮肤对照组均有显著性差异.结论增生性瘢痕与瘢痕疙瘩中c-myc、c-fos蛋白表达升高,存在c-myc和c-fos原癌基因的激活,可能参与了成纤维细胞的分化增殖或表型转化、胶原合成与降解以及对细胞因子的调控,并导致瘢痕增生.     

病理性瘢痕中c-fos原癌基因的表达

目的　病理性瘢痕是创伤过度愈合的结果,以成纤维细胞的异常增殖、合成及分泌大量胶原和细胞外基质为特征,其形成机理仍不清楚。探讨原癌基因c-fos的表达与病理性瘢痕形成的相关性。方法　应用免疫组化SP法,检测c-fos蛋白在增生性瘢痕、瘢痕疙瘩及正常皮肤组织中的表达和分布,并用图像定量分析比较其差异。结果　在增生性瘢痕和瘢痕疙瘩的成纤维细胞中c-fos呈强阳性表达,两组间无明显差异,而与正常皮肤对照组均有显著性差异。结论　增生性瘢痕与瘢痕疙瘩中c-fos蛋白表达升高,存在c-fos癌基因的激活,可能参与了成纤维细胞的分化增殖、胶原合成与降解以及对细胞因子的调控,并导致瘢痕增生。     

病理性瘢痕中c-fos原癌基因的表达

目的　病理性瘢痕是创伤过度愈合的结果 ,以成纤维细胞的异常增殖、合成及分泌大量胶原和细胞外基质为特征 ,其形成机理仍不清楚。探讨原癌基因c -fos的表达与病理性瘢痕形成的相关性。方法　应用免疫组化SP法 ,检测c -fos蛋白在增生性瘢痕、瘢痕疙瘩及正常皮肤组织中的表达和分布 ,并用图像定量分析比较其差异。结果　在增生性瘢痕和瘢痕疙瘩的成纤维细胞中c-fos呈强阳性表达 ,两组间无明显差异 ,而与正常皮肤对照组均有显著性差异。结论　增生性瘢痕与瘢痕疙瘩中c -fos蛋白表达升高 ,存在c -fos癌基因的激活 ,可能参与了成纤维细胞的分化增殖、胶原合成与降解以及对细胞因子的调控 ,并导致瘢痕增生     

病理性瘢痕中原癌基因c-myc和c-fos的表达

目的　探讨原癌基因的表达与病理性瘢痕形成的相关性。方法　应用免疫组化SP法 ,检测c -myc和c -fos蛋白在增生性瘢痕、瘢痕疙瘩和正常皮肤组织中的表达和分布 ,并用图像定量分析比较其差异。结果　在增生性瘢痕和瘢痕疙瘩的成纤维细胞中c-myc、c -fos呈强阳性表达 ,两组间无明显差异 ,而与正常皮肤对照组均有显著性差异。结论　增生性瘢痕与瘢痕疙瘩中c -myc、c -fos蛋白表达升高 ,存在c -myc和c -fos原癌基因的激活 ,可能参与了成纤维细胞的分化增殖或表型转化、胶原合成与降解以及对细胞因子的调控 ,并导致瘢痕增生。     

瘢痕成纤维细胞中cyclin D1、p16的表达及关系研究

目的:了解细胞周期蛋白D1、p16在病理性瘢痕中的表达及它们之间的相互关系,以探讨他们在瘢痕形成过程中的作用。方法:采用免疫组化(SP法)对8例成熟瘢痕、11例增生性瘢痕、11例瘢痕疙瘩及8例正常皮肤组织进行染色,观察CyclinD1和p16在不同组织中的表达。结果:正常皮肤及普通瘢痕成纤维细胞中CyclinD1、p16均为阴性;增生性瘢痕与瘢痕疙瘩成纤维细胞中CyclinD1、p16与正常皮肤相比均有极显著性差异(P<0.05);瘢痕疙瘩成纤维细胞CyclinD1表达高于增生性瘢痕,且有显著性差异(P<0.05);p16在瘢痕疙瘩成纤维细胞的表达比增生性瘢痕为高,但两者之间没有统计学差异.结论:CyclinD1、p16在病理性瘢痕的发生及发展中起重要的作用。在瘢痕疙瘩里p16的细胞抑制作用可能无法与CyclinD1的促细胞增殖作用相拮抗,所以细胞呈现持续增殖状态;而在增生性瘢痕里CyclinD1与p16可能处于相对的平衡状态,所以其生长具有一定的自限性。     

肌成纤维细胞在病理性瘢痕形成中的机制

目的 探讨肌成纤维细胞在病理性瘢痕形成机制中的作用。方法 对1998年～2000年门诊或住院的13例增生性瘢痕，14例瘢痕疙瘩及7例成熟瘢痕患者的相应组织，应用光镜、电镜及免疫组织化学染色，进行观察、检测。结果 增生性瘢痕的超微结构中均可见典型的肌成纤维细胞；免疫组织化学染色可见有不同程度表达的肌成纤维细胞。瘢痕疙瘩及成熟瘢痕的超微结构和免疫组织化学结果均未见肌成纤维细胞。结论 肌成纤维细胞的生物学行为可能与增生性瘢痕的形成及瘢痕畸形有关，并可用于增生性瘢痕与瘢痕疙瘩的鉴别。     

性激素受体在瘢痕中的表达及与细胞周期调控蛋白相互关系的研究

目的　了解雄激素受体 (AR)、雌激素受体 (ER)在病理性瘢痕中的表达及其与细胞周期调节蛋白D1(cyclinD1)、p16之间的相互关系 ,以探讨他们在瘢痕形成过程中的作用及机制。方法　采用免疫组化方法 (SP法 )对 30例瘢痕标本进行研究 ,以正常皮肤组织为对照 ,观察上述指标的表达。结果　正常皮肤及普通瘢痕成纤维细胞中所有指标均为阴性 ;增生性瘢痕与瘢痕疙瘩成纤维细胞中cyclinD1、p16、AR与正常皮肤相比差异均有显著性意义 (P <0 0 5 ) ;瘢痕疙瘩成纤维细胞cyclinD1和AR的表达高于增生性瘢痕 ,且有显著性意义 (P <0 0 5 ) ;p16在瘢痕疙瘩成纤维细胞的表达比增生性瘢痕为高 ,但两者之间差异无显著性意义。在病理性瘢痕中cyclinD1和AR的表达具有明显的相关性。结论　AR在病理性瘢痕的发生及发展中起一定的作用 ,它可能是通过与其配体结合后促使与cyclinD1有关的基因表达而发挥作用的。在瘢痕疙瘩里可能存在cyclinD1的促细胞增生作用超过P16细胞抑制 ,所以细胞呈现持续增殖状态 ;而在增生性瘢痕里cyclinD1与p16可能处于相对的平衡状态 ,细胞生长具有一定的自限性。     

CTGF在病理性瘢痕中的表达及意义

目的：了解细胞生长因子（connective tis sue growth factor，CTGF）在病理性瘢痕中的表达及意义，探讨它在病理性瘢痕发病机制中所起的作用.方法：对11例增生性瘢痕、10例瘢痕疙瘩及10例正常皮肤组织进行免疫组化（SP法）染色，观察CTGF在正常皮肤、增生性瘢痕、瘢痕疙瘩中的表达，以了解它们在不同组织中表达的差异性.结果：正常皮肤中CTGF的表达为阴性;增生性瘢痕、瘢痕疙瘩成纤维细胞中CTGF的表达与正常皮肤相比均有显著性差异（P＜0.01）;CTGF在瘢痕疙瘩成纤维细胞中的表达较增生性瘢痕为高，但两者之间没有统计学差异.结论：CTGF在增生性瘢痕的发病机制中发挥重要作用。     

激素治疗瘢痕的机理研究

目的　明确类固醇治疗瘢痕的具体作用机理。　方法　用细胞培养、免疫组织化学及分子生物学技术对 6例瘢痕疙瘩 ,6例增生性瘢痕患者及 6例正常人皮肤的成纤维细胞在激素作用下的细胞凋亡进行了研究 ;同时对 6例激素局部注射后的在体增生性瘢痕的成纤维细胞的增殖、生物合成及细胞凋亡进行了研究。　结果　 (1)激素可以诱导体外培养的不同成纤维细胞的凋亡 ,同时伴有Bax/Bcl 2蛋白比率的升高。 (2 )局部注射激素可以通过抑制PDGF基因表达而抑制瘢痕成纤维细胞的在体增殖。 (3)局部注射激素可以通过抑制转录而抑制前胶原基因表达从而抑制在体瘢痕成纤维细胞的I、III型胶原合成。 (4)激素局部注射可引起瘢痕c myc和p5 3基因表达增高从而诱导在体瘢痕的细胞凋亡。　结论　激素治疗瘢痕的疗效是通过抑制增殖及生物合成促进细胞凋亡而实现的。     

增殖瘢痕成纤维细胞接触后增殖及生物合成特性对异常瘢痕形成的机理

目的 为明确不同异常瘢痕成纤维细胞在体外完全接触后其增殖活性及生物全成功能的特性。方法 以瘢痕疙瘩、增生性瘢痕和正常皮肤（各6例）为材料，通过细胞培养、免疫组织化学及分子生物学等方法，对不同成纤维细胞在细胞接触及未接触时通过检测增殖细胞核内抗原、P16、Ⅰ、Ⅲ型胶原蛋白及前胶原基因表达对成纤维细胞的增殖、抑制及生物合成进行了研究。结果 瘢痕疙瘩成纤维细胞接触表现为细胞交叉重叠及较高的增殖活性及旺盛的生物合成功能，提示其失去了接触性抑制及密度抑制。皮肤成纤维细胞接触后则增殖及生物合成功能明显下降。增生性瘢痕成纤维细胞接触后表现为旺盛的生物合成功能，但其增殖活性处于瘢痕疙瘩和正常皮肤成纤维细胞之间。结论 不同瘢痕成纤维细胞接触后增殖及生物合成的特性可能是形成不同瘢痕的机理之一。     

整合素α5β1在病理性瘢痕中的表达及意义

目的　研究整合素α5β1 在病理性瘢痕中的表达情况 ,探讨其在瘢痕发生、发展中的作用和意义。方法　运用SP免疫组化及SPA 胶体金免疫电镜技术对 15例增生性瘢痕、15例瘢痕疙瘩及 10例正常皮肤进行整合素α5β1 的检测 ,并对结果进行半定量及定量分析。结果　在瘢痕疙瘩和增生性瘢痕的成纤维细胞中整合素α5β1 呈阳性表达 ,较正常皮肤强 (P <0 0 1) ;在瘢痕疙瘩中的表达较增生性瘢痕强 (P <0 0 1)。结论　整合素α5β1 与病理性瘢痕发生、发展关系密切。设法减少整合素α5β1 在成纤维细胞的过度表达或许是抑制瘢痕增生、软化瘢痕的新途径     

Fibronectin gene expression differs in normal and abnormal human wound healing

The overproduction of fibronectin and type I collagen in keloids and hypertrophic scars implicates altered regulation of extracellular matrix components as an important aspect of these wound healing pathologies. However, little is known about the similarities and differences in extracellular matrix gene expression during normal and abnormal wound healing. This study compared the content of fibronectin messenger RNA and rates of fibronectin protein biosynthesis in fibroblasts derived from normal skin, normal scar, keloid, and hypertrophic scar. Fibronectin expression was enhanced in cells from both normal and abnormal wounds relative to cells from quiescent normal skin. Matched pairs of normal and keloid fibroblasts from the same individuals were also compared, and three of the four pairs showed higher fibronectin expression by the keloid cells at the levels of messenger RNA and protein synthesis. This was consistent with previous studies showing elevated steady state content of fibronectin in keloid cells relative to normal cells from the same individual. Fibronectin messenger RNA and protein content in the tissues from which these cells were derived was examined by in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry. These studies revealed that in vivo, the steady state content of fibronectin messenger RNA and protein was highest in abnormal wounds, less in most normal scars, and lowest in normal skin. Thus, fibroblasts from keloids and hypertrophic scars overexpressed fibronectin in vivo relative to normal skin and normal scar and retain this characteristic in vitro relative to normal skin. Although normal scars contained little fibronectin protein and messenger RNA, cultured fibroblasts derived from these scars had contents of fibronectin messenger RNA and rates of biosynthesis in vitro similar to those of keloid fibroblasts. This indicates that the fibronectin regulatory pathway in scar fibroblasts is influenced by the tissue environment. These results are discussed with respect to the relationship of fibronectin expression in keloids, hypertrophic scars, and normal wounds in human beings.     

Effects of steroids,interferon-2B,or interluekin 1B on apoptosis of fibroblasts from keloid,hypertrophic scars,and normal skin and related signal pathway

Wound healing can lead to hypertrophic scar or keloid formation, characterized by an overabundant extracellular matrix. Current established treatment strategies include surgical resection, triamcinolone steroid injection, pressure therapy, silicone therapy, radiotherapy, etc. Cytokines also play a critical role in the regulation of cellular activities and extracellular matrix metabolism. Interferons (IFN) represent a group of antifibroproliferative agents that inhibit fibroblast proliferation and collagen production, and interleukin (IL)-1β also accelerates hypertrophic scar fibroblasts to produce collagenolytic enzymes, leading to tissue destruction. This study addressed the effects of steroid, IFN α-2b, or IL-1β on apoptosis and cell pathway of fibroblasts from keloids, hypertrophic scars, and normal skins and different responses of different fibroblasts. Six samples of keloid, six samples of hypertrophic scar, and six samples of normal skin were, respectively, collected from patients, and fibroblasts from different sources were cultured in vitro. After different fibroblasts were treated with dexamethasone (0.1 mg/ml) or IFN α-2b (1,000 μ/ml) or IL-1β (200 μ/ml), Bax and Bcl-2 were detected in situ by immunohistochemical staining; deoxyribonucleic acid ladders of different fibroblasts were observed by gel electrophoresis, and relative activated (phospho-) extracellular-signal-regulated kinase (ERK) 1/2 and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) pathways were detected by the method of fast activated cell-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. In media containing dexamethasone, apoptosis took place in fibroblasts from keloids, hypertrophic scars, and normal skins by gel electrophoresis with increased rate of Bax/Bcl-2. Activated (phospho-) ERK1/2 and activated (phospho-) JNK expressions increased in three different fibroblasts. In media containing IFN α-2b, no apoptosis took place in three different fibroblasts without any change of expressions of Bax and Bcl-2 except for the expression of decreased Bcl-2 in fibroblasts from keloids. Activated (phospho-) ERK1/2 expression decreased in fibroblasts from keloid and hypertrophic scars without any changes of activated (phospho-) JNK expression, and IFN α-2b did not affect both activated (phospho-) ERK1/2 and activated (phospho-) JNK expressions in fibroblasts from normal skin. In media containing IL-1β, apoptosis of fibroblasts from keloids was induced by stimulating activated (phospho-) ERK1/2 and activated (phospho-) JNK pathways; IL-1β could not induce apoptosis of fibroblasts from normal skin (radio of Bax/Bcl-2 decreasing) whose activated (phospho-) ERK1/2 pathway was stimulated without any changes of activated (phospho-) JNK expression. Apoptosis in fibroblasts from hypertrophic scars was induced by activating the JNK pathway and prohibiting the ERK1/2 pathway. The effects of steroid, IFN α-2b, or IL-1β on apoptosis of different fibroblasts were different through different cell signal pathways, although all of them were effective for treatment of abnormal scars.     

Detection of apoptosis in keloids and a comparative study on apoptosis between keloids, hypertrophic scars, normal healed flat scars, and dermatofibroma

Recent studies have suggested that the regulation of apoptosis during wound healing is important in scar establishment and the development of pathological scarring. In this study, we demonstrate that keloid fibroblasts can be identified as apoptotic cells because of their highly condensed chromatin and discrete nuclear fragments. To further reveal the phenomenon of apoptosis, we quantified the number of terminal deoxynucleotide transferase-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL)-positive cells in surgically resected tissues of keloids (N = 10), hypertrophic scars (N = 10), normal healed flat scars (N = 10), and dermatofibroma (N = 10). The number of TUNEL-positive cells was relatively low, but was significantly higher for the keloid group compared with the normally healed flat scar group (p = 0.004), suggesting reduced cell survival and increased apoptotic cell death in a subpopulation of keloid fibroblasts. Furthermore, the number of TUNEL-positive cells was significantly higher for the keloid group compared with the dermatofibroma group (p = 0.044), suggesting that a subpopulation of keloid fibroblasts may suppress tumorgenicity at a greater rate than dermatofibroma by undergoing cell death. Hypertrophic scars had significantly higher levels of apoptosis than normally healed flat scars (p = 0.033). Therefore, these results suggest that selected fibroblasts in keloids and hypertrophic scars undergo apoptosis, which may play a role in the process of pathological scarring.     

A novel model of humanised keloid scarring in mice

Treatments for keloid scarring are a major challenge to scientists and physicians for their unknown aetiology. Although several models, including monolayer cell culture to tissue‐engineered models, were developed, further research on keloid has more or less been hindered by the lack of appropriate animal models. Because these aberrant scars are specific to humans, we obtained human normal and keloid skin tissues and isolated dermal fibroblasts from them. Cell morphology, growth and immunohistochemical staining of myofibroblastmarker α‐SMA were examined, and the cell medium of 2‐hour culture and 24‐hour culture was implanted on the back of nude mice. The cell medium of 2‐hour culture and 24‐hour culture was also analysed by a protein array for the detection of distinction in inflammatory factors. We showed that keloid fibroblasts had similar morphology and growth compared to normal skin fibroblasts, but the α‐SMA expression was obviously up‐regulated. After 6 weeks, mice of the 2‐hour keloid‐derived culture medium group exhibited keloid‐like hypertrophic nodules macroscopically, while mice of 24‐hour keloid‐derived culture medium group were similar to normal skin. Histological findings confirmed that the reconstituted skin tissues had the typical features of human keloids. The protein array data revealed that RANTES were involved in humanised fibrotic occurrence in mice, also suggesting they were important modulators of this inflammatory event. This novel model might help to understand the key events that result in the formation of these abnormal scars and provide new therapeutic options.