反义c—fos和c—jun抑制IL—1诱导阿片肽分泌

白细胞介素（ＩＬ－１）及阿片肽作为神经调质参与了神经细胞兴奋性毒性作用,以大鼠大脑皮层神经细胞为研究对象,探讨了ＩＬ－１、阿片肽和ｃ－ｆｏｓ、ｃ－ｊｕｎ表达产物之间的关系,结果表明,ＩＬ－１β能诱导大脑皮层神经细胞ｃ－ｆｏｓ、ｃ－ｊｕｎ ｍＲＮＡ瞬时短暂表达,１５ｍｉｎ增高,３０ｍｉｎ达高峰,ｃ－ｆｏｓ ｍＲＮＡ ２ｈ回至基线水平,ｃ－ｊｕｎ ｍ ＲＮＡ ８ｈ回至基线水平;联合应用ｃ－ｆｏｓ,ｃ－     

低、高频电针诱导原癌基因c－fos／c－jun和阿片肽基因表达及其关系的比较研究

本工作对低频（２Ｈｚ）和高频（１００Ｈｚ）电针引起大鼠中枢Ｆｏｓ／Ｊｕｎ表达和三类阿片肽基因表达进行了详细的比较研究,并用针对ｃ－ｆｏｓ／ｃ－ｊｕｎ的反义寡核苷酸（ＯＤＮｓ）对电针引起的Ｆｏｓ／Ｊｕｎ表达进行选择性阻断,然后观察阿片肽基因表达是否受到影响,以确定Ｆｏｓ／Ｊｕｎ复合物在电针引起阿片肽基因表达中的作用。主要结果如下：（１）２Ｈｚ和１００Ｈｚ电针引起脑内不同部位的Ｆｏｓ／Ｊｕｎ表达;（２）２Ｈｚ电针使前脑啡肽原（ＰＰＥ）ｍＲＮＡ表达大幅度增高,１００Ｈｚ电针也能增加ＰＰＥｍＲＮＡ的转录,但不如２Ｈｚ电针的作用显著;但１００Ｈｚ电针能使某些脑区的前强啡肽原（ＰＰＤ）基因转录加速,而２Ｈｚ电针没有这一作用;（３）用ｃ－ｆｏｓ／ｃ－ｊｕｎ反义ＯＤＮｓ特异地阻断Ｆｏｓ／Ｊｕｎ表达后,电针引起的ＰＰＤ转录加速被明显阻断,而ＰＰＥ表达不受影响。提示Ｆｏｓ／Ｊｕｎ是电针引起ＰＰＤ（而非ＰＰＥ）基因表达的转录因子。     

四氯化碳损伤成年大鼠肝细胞后原癌基因（c－fos／c－jun）表达的观察

用四氯化碳（ＣＣｌ４）损伤正常大鼠后,采用Ｗｅｓｔｅｒｎ印迹法和免疫组化法观察肝细胞原癌基因（ｃ－ｆｏｓ／ｃ－ｊｕｎ）的表达。Ｗｅｓｔｅｒｎ印迹法表明,当成年大鼠的静息期肝细胞受到ＣＣｌ４损伤性刺激后,ｃ－ｆｏｓ／ｃ－ｊｕｎ产物（Ｆｏｓ和Ｊｕｎ）水平升高,在ＣＣｌ４处理后３０ｍｉｎ开始升高,在４ｈ时消失。８ｈ后Ｆｏｓ／Ｊｕｎ再度出现,并持续２４ｈ以上。ＩＣＣ法表明,Ｊｕｎ阳性细胞为靠近肝中央静脉区的肝实质细胞。根据上述资料推测,肝受ＣＣｌ４损伤后肝细胞的原癌基因ｃ－ｆｏｓ／ｃ－ｊｕｎ出现即时的与滞后的两次表达,这与肝细胞进入细胞周期有关,这种基因表达也许可作为肝再生过程中识别特殊体液因子的标志。     

IL—1预刺激对反义IRAK—1寡核苷酸抑制NF—kB活化的影响

实验分为白介素１（ＩＬ－１）预处理组和非预处理组,脂质体介异反义ＩＬ－１受体相关激酶－１（ＩＲＡＫ－１）寡核苷酸（ＯＤＮ）转染ＨｅｐＧ２细胞,用ｗｅｓｔｅｒｎ杂交分析ＩＲＡＫ－１表达水平,以夹心酶联免疫吸附测定法测定ＮＦ－ｋＢ含量。结果表明,ＩＬ－１非预处理组反义ＩＲＡＫ－１ＯＤＮ不能抑制ＩＲＡＫ－１表达和ＮＦ－ｋＢ活化,而预处理组ＩＲＡＫ－１表达和ＮＦ－ｋＢ活化受到明显抑制,反义ＩＲＡＫ－１ＯＤ     

缺氧诱导体外培养大鼠海马神经元c—fos的表达及人重组…

采用免疫组化方法,观察缺氧诱导体外培养大鼠海马神经元ｃ－ｆｏｓ的表达及人重组白细胞介素－１β（ｒｈｌＬ－１β）的影响,结果显示,缺氧后海马神经元中Ｆｏｓ染色了性胞核的百分率随缺氧时间的延长而显著增加。图像分析的结果显示,缺氧后Ｆｏｓ染色阳性胞核的平均光密度亦随缺氧时间的延长而显著增加。经ｒｈＩＬ－１β孵育的神经元缺氧后Ｆｏｓ染色阳性胞核的百分率和Ｆｏｓ染色阳性胞核的平均光密度均明显低于对照组。本结     

反义癌基因c－jun对大鼠血管平滑肌细胞增殖的影响

构建可表达原癌基因ｃ－ｊｕｎ正义和反义ＲＮＡ的真核细胞表达载体,将其导入体外培养的大鼠血管平滑肌细胞（ＶＳＭＣ）后,经Ｎｏｒｔｈｅｒｎ分析证实,两种插入方向的ｃｊｕｎ基因均在ＶＳＭＣ中大量表达;￣３Ｈ－ＴｄＲ参入实验表明,ｃ－ｊｕｎ反义ＲＮＡ对ＶＳＭＣ的增殖具有显著抑制作用．提示用反义核酸抑制ｃ－ｊｕｎ表达对治疗某些由于ＶＳＭＣ增殖所引起的心血管病可能具有一定意义．     

血管紧张素Ⅱ诱导左心室原癌基因c－fos和c－myc的表达

本实验用Ｌａｎｙｅｎｄｏｒｆｆ心脏灌流装置,探讨血管紧张素Ⅱ对左心室原癌基因ｃ－ｆｏｓ和ｃ－ｍｙｃ表达的作用。观察到血管紧张素Ⅱ能诱导左心室ｃ－ｆｏｓ和ｃ－ｍｙｃ的表达,ｃ－ｆｏｓ表达早于ｃ－ｍｙｃ表达,并呈量－效关系。这种作用可被血管紧张素Ⅱ受体拮抗剂ｓａｒａｌａｓｉｎ所阻断。这些结果提示血管紧张素Ⅱ诱导的ｃ－ｆｏｓ和ｃ－ｍｙｃ的表达是受体介导的。ＴＴＸ完全阻断血管紧张素Ⅱ诱导的ｃ－ｆｏｓ表达。ＴＴＸ对ｃ－ｍｙｃ的表达无明显影响。     

褪黑素抑制原代培养鸭肾上皮细胞c－fos的表达

本研究采用Ｆｏｓ蛋白免疫组化染色方法观察了胎牛血清对原代培养鸭肾上皮细胞ｃ─ｆｏｓ表达的刺激作用及褪黑素的阻断作用。以每一视野Ｆｏｓ染色阳性细胞的百分比为指标,每组实验观察１４至１７个视野。实验结果显示,正常对照组平均每视野Ｆｏｓ染色阳性细胞为４４．３１±２．７７％,胎牛血清刺激组为６３．０７±３．９３％,明显高于对照组（Ｐ＜０．０１）,胎牛血清加１０￣（－６）ｍｏｌ／Ｌ褪黑素组为３５．２９±３．２２％,明显低于单纯胎牛血清刺激组（Ｐ＜０．０１）,但与对照组无明显差异（Ｐ＞０．０５）。该结果表明褪黑素可以抑制原代培养鸭肾上皮细胞ｃ─ｆｏｓ表达。     

压力超负荷诱导左心室原癌基因c－fos的表达

本实验在腹主动脉缩窄的大鼠上,探讨压力超负荷对左心室原癌基因ｃ－ｆｏｓ的表达。观察到压力超负荷可引起ｃ－ｆｏｓ的明显表达,这种作用可被巯甲丙脯酸显著减弱。同时,我们检测到压力超负荷时左心室血管紧张素原的表达也增强。这些结果提示压力超负荷诱导的左心室ｃ－ｆｏｓｍＲＮＡ的表达有血管紧张素Ⅱ的参与。     

细胞信号转导分子在TNF—α诱导c—jun基因表达中的作用

前期研究表明ｐ３８丝裂原活化蛋白激酶（ＭＡＰＫ）通过磷酸化心肌细胞增强因子２（ｍｙｏｃｙｔｅ ｅｎｈａｎｃｅｒ ｆａｃｔｏｒ２,ＭＥＦ２）转录因子家族成员调节ｃ－Ｊｕｎ蛋白表达。ｃ－ｊｕｎ的启动子区存在ＭＥＦ２位点,ＭＥＦ２转录因子家族成员以同源或异源二聚体形式与其结合。研究了ｐ３８和ＢＭＫ１（ｂｉｇ ＭＡＰ ｋｉｎａｓｅ１）在ＴＮＦ－α诱导ｃ－ｊｕｎ基因表达中的调控作用。ｐ３８上调ＭＥＦ２Ａ的转     

以胰岛素样生长因子受体1基因为靶的反义寡核苷酸体内外抗肿瘤研究

以胰岛素样生长因子受体－1基因为靶筛选抗肿瘤药物.根据IGF1RmRNA的二级结构设计了9条反义寡核苷酸药物,以脂质体介导进行转染,MTT染色计算细胞生长抑制率,从中筛选出一条序列并对之进行优化,最后以最佳序列进行体外作用持续时间及体内细胞生长抑制率分析.结果表明该序列在体内外具有良好的抗肿瘤活性,具有剂量依赖性关系,且对荷瘤裸鼠无明显的毒性.IGF1R可作为肿瘤治疗的新靶点.     

Chronic Electroconvulsive Seizures Down–Regulate Expression of the Immediate-Early Genes c-fos and c-jun in Rat Cerebral Cortex

Acute seizures and other stimuli that increase neuronal activity cause a rapid induction of the immediate-early genes c-fos and c-jun, also referred to as nuclear proto-oncogenes, in the nervous system. In the present study, rats were administered one or more electroconvulsive seizures (ECS) and the responsiveness of c-fos and c-jun to an acute, "test" seizure was examined. Four hours after a single ECS, the induction of c-fos mRNA by a test seizure was blocked, in agreement with earlier findings, but by 18 h the levels of c-fos mRNA could be reinduced by the test seizure, suggesting that 1 day is sufficient to "reset" the responsiveness of this system. However, it was found that chronic, daily ECS treatments resulted in a time-dependent decrease in the expression of c-fos mRNA in response to a test seizure administered 18 h after the last daily ECS; this effect was maximal after 8-10 days of treatment, at which time the induction of c-fos mRNA by the test seizure was blocked dramatically. Chronic ECS also blocked the induction of c-jun in response to an acute, test seizure. The effect of chronic ECS on levels of Fos protein was also investigated. It was found that basal levels of Fos protein were reduced after chronic (10 days) ECS and were not induced by a test seizure. Because levels of Fos protein remain elevated 4 h after a single seizure this finding suggests that the mechanisms by which acute (4 h) and chronic (8-10 days) ECS block the induction of c-fos may differ.     

FOS／JUN介导佛波酯对内皮素基因表达的诱导作用

利用凝胶电泳迁移率改变实验、RNA印迹和蛋白质印迹分析分别检查了c-jun抗体对内皮素-1(ET-1)基因AP-1位点与核蛋白结合的影响及肿瘤促进剂佛波酯(TPA)对c-fos/c-jun基因表达的作用.结果发现,c-jun抗体可使AP-1位点-核蛋白复合物的电泳迁移率发生改变,TPA显著促进c-fos/c-jun基因表达和血管内皮细胞的AP-1结合活性.实验表明,TPA对ET-1基因表达的诱导作用是通过促进AP-1转录因子c-fos/c-jun合成来介导的.     

晚期糖基化终产物通过其受体促进内皮细胞分泌IL-8的研究

探讨晚期糖基化终产物(AGE)修饰蛋白对内皮细胞生成白介素8(IL-8)的作用,及晚期糖基化终产物受体(RAGE)在此病理过程中的作用.内皮细胞来自培养的人脐静脉内皮细胞(HUVEC).将内皮细胞与不同浓度的AGE修饰人血清白蛋白(AGE-HSA)在体外共同培养,或以可溶性晚期糖基化终产物受体(sRAGE)对AGE-HSA进行预处理后再与HUVEC共同培养.用蛋白质液相芯片法检测HUVEC培养上清中IL-8水平,并提取细胞RNA,进行RT-PCR反应,检测细胞中IL-8 mRNA的表达水平.结果表明,AGE-HSA以时间和剂量依赖的方式刺激HUVEC生成IL-8,未经修饰的HSA无此作用.AGE-HSA用sRAGE预处理后,刺激HUVEC生成IL-8的作用被抑制,并且此抑制作用呈剂量依赖的方式.AGE-HSA刺激HUVEC使IL-8 mRNA表达增高,未经修饰的HSA无此作用.sRAGE能够阻断AGE-HSA诱导HUVEC表达IL-8mRNA的作用.整个变化趋势与蛋白质水平一致.研究首次证实,AGE-HSA与细胞表面受体RAGE相互作用可刺激内皮细胞分泌IL-8,并上调IL-8 mRNA的表达.这为研究加速型血管病变的发病机制提供了新视角,也为治疗由AGE增多和潴留所引起的病理损害提供了新靶点.     

Measurement of Total Opioid Peptides in Rat Brain and Pituitary by Radioimmunoassay Directed at the α-N-Acetyl Derivative

A sensitive assay, which cross-reacts with and is specific for diverse opioid peptides, is described. This is based on the prior acetylation of samples and subsequent radioimmunoassay with an antiserum highly specific for the acetylated NH₂ terminus of opioid peptides. The result is a procedure that can be used to investigate multiple forms of opioid peptides in extracts of biological material. The sensitivity of the assay is ?15 fmol of β-endorphin per incubation tube, i.e., ? 100-fold greater sensitivity than the radioreceptor assay used in our laboratory. The peptide concentration required for 50% displacement of trace ranged from 0.65 nM (β-endorphin) to 1.6 nM (Met-enkephalin). The assay apparently shows an absolute requirement for a free (or acetylated) NH₂ terminus corresponding to either a Leu- or Met-enkephalin sequence. Use of the assay with and without prior acetylation of sample provides a method for estimation of the ratio of acetylated:nonacetylated opioid peptides in crude or fractionated extracts. The procedure is used to investigate the forms of opioid peptide found in rat brain and pituitary.     

Induction of c-fos and c-jun mRNA at the M/G1 border is required for cell cycle progression

The proto-oncogenes c-fos and c-jun have been shown in numerous model systems to be induced within minutes of growth factor stimulation, during the G₀/G₁ transition. In this report we use the mitotic shake-off procedure to generate a population of highly synchronized Swiss 3T3 cells. We show that both of these immediate-early, competence genes are also induced during the M/G₁ transition, immediately after completion of mitosis. While c-fos mRNA levels drop to undetectable levels within 2 hr after division, c-jun mRNA levels are maintained at a basal level which is ～ 30% maximum throughout the remainder of G₁. In order to access the functional significance of these patterns of c-fos and c-jun expression, antisense oligodeoxynucleotides specific to c-fos or c-jun were added to either actively growing Swiss 3T3 cells or mitotically synchronized cells, and their ability to inhibit DNA synthesis and cell division determined. Our results show that treatment of Swiss 3T3 cells with either c-fos or c-jun antisense oligodeoxynucleotides, while actively growing, during mitosis, or in early G₁, results in a reduction in ability to enter S and subsequently divide. This was also true if Swiss 3T3 cells were treated during mid-G₁ with c-jun antisense oligodeoxynucleotides. These results demonstrate that the regulation of G₁ progression following mitosis is dependent upon the expression and function of the immediate-early, competence proto-oncogenes c-fos and c-jun. © 1994 Wiley-Liss, Inc.     

Bioactive Fragment of Human IL-1β [163-171] Modulates the Immune Response to Synthetic Peptides of HIV

The activation of T helper cells specific for viral antigens is critical for antibody production and the generation of cytotoxic T cells during retroviral infection. In this study, we examined the effect of linking HIV peptides with a bioactive fragment of human interleukin-1β (IL-1β) (163–171) on the induction of immune response to the peptides. A panel of highly purified synthetic peptides representing defined regions of gp41, Gag and gp120 were used as antigens. Mouse spleen cells primed with the peptide conjugates produced greater proliferation on in vitro stimulation than spleen cells primed with peptide alone. In addition, antibody production as assessed by ELISA was observed after immunization with conjugated peptides but not with peptide alone, indicating B-cell activation. We also found that a high level of IgG2a antibody production correlated with a high level of IFN-γ production. These findings favor the notion that IL-1β plays an important role in immune responses. These observations support the formulation and design of synthetic vaccines against HIV using synthetic HIV peptides conjugated with immunomodulators. Such an approach may provide an effective vaccination against other infectious agents.