脱硝剂QKJ-DN在催化裂化装置的工业应用

介绍了催化裂化脱硝剂QKJ-DN在中国石油天然气股份有限公司长庆石化分公司1.4 Mt/a催化裂化装置工业应用情况.为降低催化烟气中NOx含量,确保余热锅炉省煤器长周期运行,提高烟机做功效率,装置于2014年9月10日至11月9日开始应用QKJ-DN.结果表明:在原料性质相近、主要操作参数保持平稳的情况下,当QKJ-DN保持在系统总藏量的2％(质量分数)时,催化烟气中NOx质量浓度从920 ～ 960 mg/m3(设计值730 mg/m3)降低至120 ～ 150 mg/m3,脱硝率达到83.69％ ～ 84.50％.QKJ-DN在平稳加入期内(脱硝剂补充量为40～60 kg/d),再生系统不单独加入CO助燃剂的情况下,再生器稀相温度保持平稳,再生系统无二次燃烧现象,说明该剂可替代CO助燃剂,并对产品分布、产品性质及装置运行均无不利影响.该装置加注QKJ-DN后烟气中NOx质量浓度低于240mg/m3,达到国家大气污染物综合排放标准.     

脱硝助剂QKJ-DN/1在不完全再生催化裂化装置的工业应用

介绍了脱硝助剂QKJ-DN/1在中国石油宁夏石化公司催化裂化装置的应用情况。结果表明:与空白标定期相比,当系统中脱硝助剂占总催化剂藏量的质量分数为2.76%时,烟气中氮氧化物质量浓度由185 mg/m^(3)降至142 mg/m^(3),脱硝效率为23.2%;烟气脱硫装置外排废水中氨氮质量浓度由25.62 mg/L降至1.39 mg/L;产品中液化气、汽油和焦炭收率依次降低了0.87,0.75,0.11个百分点;柴油和干气收率分别增加了1.72,0.06个百分点;脱硝助剂的加入,对催化裂化装置汽油、柴油产品质量无影响。     

LZ-5G型脱硝剂在蜡油催化裂化装置的工业应用

为了降低外排烟气中NOx 浓度,满足国家烟气排放新标准,中国石油抚顺石化公司在1.2 Mt/a催化裂化装置上应用LZ-5G型脱硝剂,结果表明：在原料性质及主要操作条件基本不变的前提下,加入LZ-5G型脱硝剂后,再生烟气中氮氧化物质量浓度由空白标定的350 mg/m3降低至125 mg/m3,满足工业外排烟气中NOx质量浓度不大于200 mg/m3的烟气排放新标准。LZ-5G型脱硝剂试用期间,催化裂化装置操作平稳,平衡催化剂微反活性提高0.2百分点,轻油（汽油+柴油）收率提高0.16百分点,对平衡催化剂活性、产品分布、产品质量及性质无不良影响。     

LZ-5G型脱硝剂在催化裂化装置的工业应用

为了降低外排烟气中NO_x浓度,满足国家烟气排放新标准,中国石油抚顺石化公司在1.2 Mt/a催化裂化装置上应用LZ-5G型脱硝剂,结果表明:在原料性质及主要操作条件基本不变的前提下,加入LZ-5G型脱硝剂后,再生烟气中氮氧化物质量浓度由空白标定的350 mg/m~3降低至125 mg/m~3,满足工业外排烟气中NO_x质量浓度不大于200 mg/m~3的烟气排放新标准;LZ-5G型脱硝剂试用期间,催化裂化装置操作平稳,平衡催化剂微反活性提高0.2百分点,轻油(汽油+柴油)收率提高0.16百分点,对平衡催化剂活性、产品分布、产品质量及性质无不良影响。     

JF-SN2型脱硝剂在催化裂化装置的工业应用

介绍JF-SN2型脱硝剂在大连西太平洋石油化工有限公司催化裂化装置上的工业应用情况,结果表明:该装置再生系统加注JF-SN2型脱硝剂占系统藏量(质量分数)的2.5%后,贫氧段烟气中NH_(3)含量降至80 mg/m^(3)以下,烟气脱硫塔外排烟气中的NO_(x)含量降至100 mg/m^(3)以下,CO含量降至0,每吨焦炭产汽量增加至7.55 t;JF-SN2型脱硝剂应用期间,催化裂化装置产品分布、汽/柴油性质及主催化剂磨损状况基本稳定。     

FP-DN型烟气脱硝剂在催化裂化装置中的应用

采用加入FP-DN型烟气脱硝剂的方法,降低了中海油惠州炼化分公司120万t/a重油催化裂化装置NOx与SO2的排放量,使得烟气排放达到广东省DB 4427—2001标准要求。工业应用表明,加剂前烟气中SO2和NOx平均质量浓度分别为251.68,511.00 mg/m3,在脱硝剂加入量为15 kg/d的平稳期,二者分别降至29.10,74.85 mg/m3,即脱硫率达到88.4%,脱氮率达到85.4%。加入脱硝剂后,干气、液化气、油浆和焦炭收率依次提高了0.28,1.30,0.08,0.26个百分点,汽油和柴油收率分别下降0.65,1.27个百分点。此外,转化率由75.71%增至76.90%。加入脱硝剂后,液相产品中硫、氮含量均有所上升,产品其他性质基本稳定。脱硝剂对干气的组成影响不大;加剂后,液化气中丙烷和丙烯体积分数分别上升1.25,0.89个百分点,丁烯体积分数下降1.98个百分点。     

SDJF-A1脱硫脱硝CO助燃剂在催化裂化装置的应用

针对催化裂化装置烟气脱硝SCR单元脱硝催化剂因超期服役存在的催化剂老化及失效、喷氨量大、余热锅炉出口结盐严重等问题,以及脱硫塔腐蚀和烟气洗涤脱硫后携带盐分致烟气固体颗粒物超标的问题,选用脱硫脱硝CO助燃剂——SDJF-A1剂进行工业试用,工业应用结果表明:该装置再生系统加注SDJF-A1剂占系统藏量(质量分数)的5%后,在停用原CO助燃剂(Pt型)和SCR单元停止注氨条件下,再生烟气中的NO_x含量均值由586 mg/m~3降至l20 mg/m~3,SO_x含量均值由420 mg/m~3降至60 mg/m~3,液碱用量(质量分数)降低81.8%以上,同时再生器稀密相温差小于13℃,满足工艺操作和国家烟气排放标准要求。     

RDNOx助剂技术在再生烟气NOx达标排放中的应用

为实现烟气NOx达标排放，中国石化安庆分公司在DCC装置无烟气脱硝后处理设施上进行了RDNOx助剂工业应用试验。结果表明，在助剂占系统藏量约2.5%（w）、按进料计剂耗0.03 kg/t加注时，可在烟气过剩氧含量不受严格限制的情况下，将烟气中NOx质量浓度稳定控制在小于70 mg/m3（在线仪表），达到国家最新环保标准（特别限值）要求。逐步调整助剂加注量至0.015 kg/t、约占新鲜催化剂补充量的1.5%时，NOx浓度依然保持稳定达标。相对加注脱硝助剂前的NOx质量浓度空白值400~500 mg/m3，NOx浓度降幅达到80%以上。在RDNOx助剂应用过程中，产品分布和主要产品性质基本不变。     

硫转移剂协同脱硫脱硝助燃三效助剂在催化裂化装置上的应用

为满足日趋严格的环保要求,中国石化天津分公司于2014年10月8日起在1.3 Mt/a蜡油催化裂化装置试用天津市拓得石油技术发展有限公司生产的脱硫脱硝CO助燃三效助剂和硫转移剂。工业应用结果表明:硫转移剂和三效助剂按1.5∶1添加比例协同使用,添加量占总藏量兑比的3%,达到了脱硫、脱硝、助燃的三效作用。其中,烟气中SO_2去除率达63.1%,SO_3去除率达87.0%;烟气中NO_x含量由103.6mg/m~3下降至58.1mg/m~3,完全满足小于100mg/m~3的环保要求;与此同时,再生稀密相温差由空白标定的3.5℃降至1.5℃左右,CO助燃效果良好,可完全替代CO助燃剂。     

催化裂化烟气脱硝脱硫除尘新技术

催化裂化（FCC）装置是炼油企业主要的粉尘、SOx和NOx排放源。针对FCC烟气的特点,中国石化开发了具有完全自主知识产权的SCR脱硝-热量回收-CO氧化高效耦合工艺和新型湍冲文丘里湿法脱硫除尘一体化工艺;发明了适用于催化裂化烟气脱硝的高强度SCR催化剂;开发了喷氨格栅、格栅式文丘里、喷头和高效除雾器等关键设备和专利内构件产品。在中国石化镇海炼化分公司建成国内首套FCC烟气除尘脱硫脱硝装置,工业运行结果表明,净化烟气粉尘浓度小于20 mg/m3,SO2浓度小于10 mg/m3、NOx浓度小于50 mg/m3（最小20 mg/m3以下）,逃逸氨浓度小于2.0 mg/m3。     

阿姆河右岸酸性气田井口冲蚀及对策

中亚土库曼斯坦阿姆河右岸气田群为高含H_2S和CO_2的碳酸盐岩气藏,单井产量高,井口设备均出现了不同程度的腐蚀。初步分析认为其原因是生产过程中仅考虑酸性介质对气井井口的化学腐蚀,而没有考虑气体流速对井口的冲蚀作用,极大地影响了气田的安全生产。为此,通过对节流阀上下游阀道、法兰面均出现明显坑状腐蚀的进一步分析,明确了化学腐蚀和气体冲蚀的交互作用是井口磨损的主要影响因素,气流冲刷腐蚀坑的化学腐蚀产物会加速冲蚀损害;进而借鉴冲蚀与腐蚀运行环境下的多相管流管道的磨损计算理论,计算了该运行环境下的冲蚀极限速度,得到了不同生产工况下节流阀的抗冲蚀流量;最后,根据气田生产情况,针对性地提出了按气井配产要求来选择采气树类型、节流阀通径及类型冲蚀的技术控制策略。此举为气田安全生产提供了工程技术保障。     

山前地区深井超深井套管防磨与减磨技术研究

针对山前地区深井超深井钻井过程中套管磨损严重的问题,在分析套管磨损机理的基础上,开展了山前地区套管防磨与减磨技术研究,基于技术研究成果及应用实践,得到如下结论:1应用Power V等垂直钻井系统控制井眼轨迹,特别是上部井段的狗腿度和井斜,可明显减小侧向力和磨损量,缩短套管磨损时间;2应综合考虑套管磨损率、磨损系数以及钻杆耐磨带本身的磨损量,优选出效果最优的耐磨带;在狗腿度严重的位置,可考虑采用一定数量的橡胶钻杆卡箍来减轻对套管的磨损;3山前地区钻井液采用CX-300减磨剂能够显著降低磨损速率,减轻套管磨损程度,但在不同钻井液体系使用之前应进行优化分析以确定最佳使用量;4在迪那204井使用高密度钻井液体系,全部采用优选的高密度重晶石粉代替铁矿粉作为加重剂,整个钻进过程中未出现钻具及套管磨损,迪那204井易损件消耗量仅为邻井迪那203井的左右,防磨减磨效果非常显著。     

Biodiesel Projects Helpful to Ease Energy Shortage

Nearly 7,000 hectares of biodiesel forest will take shape in the northern province of Hebei in 2008, part of a national campaign to fuel the fast growing economy in a green way. In no more than five years, the Pistacia chinensis Bunge, whose seeds have an oil content of up to 40 percent, will yield five tons of fruit and contribute about two tons of high-quality biological diesel oil, according to the provincial forestry administration.     

State Energy Base Proposed in Inner Mongolia

Experts recently suggested China set up a state energy base in lnner Mongolia Autonomous Region to ease its energy thirst. The survey was co-conducted by senior researchers from the National Development and Reform Commission, Development Research Center of the State Council, Chinese Academy of Sciences and the Ministry of Finance. To plan and establish strategic energy bases at state level is in line with the principle of ＂giving priority to energy saving and diversifying energy consumption with the utility of coal at the core.＂     

Influence of Shale Oil Boom in North America upon nternational Crude Price Flucturation

正Current stituation of shale oil development in the world The US The country is blessed with abundant shale oil resources and had matersed whole sets of theories and technologies needed for their exploration and development after years of practices.According to an assessment of shale oil resources in major countries and regions of the world issued by the U.S.Energy Information Agency(EIA),the US ranks the second in the world with its 6.8 billion tons of technically recoverable shale oil(shale oil in place is about 136.3 tons).About 8plays had been confirmed to have     

A Sintering-resistant Pd/C Composite Catalyst for Ethylbenzene DehydrogenationDeveloped by CAS Institute of Metals

Carbon deposition is a commonplace phenomenon occurringin the catalytic reaction process, in particular inthe system of direct dehydrogenation of ethylbenzene,because the reactant - ethylbenzene molecules on thesurface of metal oxide catalysts are prone to quickly formcarbon deposits, leading to deactivation of catalysts. Recently,the associate research fellow Mr. Liu Hongyangand the research fellow Mr. Su Dangsheng of the StateShenyang Material Science （United ） Laboratory of theInstitute of Metal Research, CAS by taking advantageof the carbon deposition process during direct dehydrogenationof ethylbenzene have ingeniously designeda Pd/C composite catalyst. This catalyst in comparisonwith the traditional commercial carbon nanotubesupported Pd catalyst shows a significantly improved performancein terms of its catalytic activity and sinteringresistantability.     

ZPEB Overseas Markets Keep Steady and Efficient Development

In recent years, Zhongyuan Petroleum Exploration Bureau （ZPEB） has made rapid development in overseas petroleum markets through its integrated reorganization. A new international business plattbrm established, aimed at becoming a highly ranked contractor with international petroleum engineering technology. ZPEB has expanded its business scope and scale, regulated the market structure,     

New Era for China-Brazil Relations

China and Brazil celebrated the 40th anniversary of establishing diplomatic relations between the two countries in July this year. Bilateral relations between China and Brazil have entered a new stage, and experts expect the already extensive cooperation between the two countries to deepen and broaden as Chinese President Xi Jinping made a state visit to Brazil in mid-July, which is his first state visit to Brazil since he assumed the office last year. The visit to China＇s largest trade partner in Latin America is at the invitation of Brazilian President Dilma Rousseff.     

Large Scale Ethylene Production Package Technology SuccessfullyDeveloped by CNPC

The CNPC Group has successfully developed a largescaleethylene production package technology with independentintellectual property rights, which has beensuccessfully applied in the 1.2 Mt/a ethylene revamp andexpansion project at the Daqing Petrochemical Complex（DPC）.     

Recent Advancements in Petroleum E & P Equipments in China

The role of equipments in oil and gas exploration and development had never been attached with so much importance as that in shale oil and gas boom in the U.S. With the help of massive hydraulic fracturing and horizontal drilling techniques, the U.S., the world＇s No. 1 oil importer even started to dream about energy self-sufficiency with its proudly high production of shale oil and gas from several major shale plays in the country. However, what behind this remarkable achievement are powerful multi-stage hydraulic fracturing machinery and smart tools for directional drilling.