全氟辛烷磺酸、全氟辛酸及其盐类检验技术的研究进展

全氟辛烷磺酸(PFOS)、全氟辛酸(PFOA)及其盐类物质具有生殖毒性、诱变毒性和发育毒性等多种毒性,也是目前最难降解的持久性有机污染物.全氟化合物独特的拒水拒油性,使其被广泛地应用于纺织、皮革、造纸等行业.PFOS和PFOA及其盐类物质通过食品包装材料,已经不知不觉进入我们的食品中,影响了食品安全,威胁着人们的身体健...     

食品接触材料中全氟化合物检测方法的研究进展

全氟化合物主要包括全氟辛酸(PFOA)、全氟辛烷磺酸(PFOS) 及其盐类物质, 是目前最难降解的持久性有机污染物之一。全氟化合物具有高效的疏水和疏油特性, 因此被广泛地应用于纺织、造纸、皮革等行业。然而其具有生殖毒性、遗传毒性和发育毒性等多种毒性, 可以通过食品接触材料进入人们的食品中, 威胁着人们的身体健康。本文简述了全氟化合物的概况及其在食品接触材料中分析检测技术的研究进展。     

水产品中全氟辛酸和全氟辛烷磺酸检测技术 及污染现状

全氟辛酸(PFOA)和全氟辛烷磺酸(PFOS)是环境中广泛存在、较为典型的两种全氟化合物。针对水产品中PFOA和PFOS的检测技术和污染现状进行研究,进而研究其暴露途径、生物富集规律等内容,并基于此预测污染物环境分布、环境行为,以及相应地制定环境水和水产品质量安全标准,对于确保消费者食用安全具有重要意义。本文总结、分析了水产品中PFOA和PFOS的检测技术研究进展,及水环境和水产品中污染情况,对目前存在的问题及今后的研究方向进行了讨论和展望,以期为中国水产品中全氟化合物的监控和质量安全风险评估提供参考。     

分子印迹固相微萃取-敞开式离子化质谱法快速筛查牛奶中2种全氟化合物残留

目的 建立分子印迹固相微萃取(Molecularly imprinted solid phase microextraction,MISPME)结合敞开式质谱(ambient mass spectrometry,AMS)快速检测牛奶中两种全氟化合物(全氟辛酸(PFOA)和全氟辛烷磺酸(PFOS) )残留量的分析方法。方法 牛奶样品进行蛋白质沉淀预处理后离心,上清液经氮吹干燥后加水复溶,在涡旋的条件下经分子印迹修饰的固相微萃取木签萃取,在敞开式质谱(AMS)和多反应监测(multiple reaction monitoring, MRM)模式下分析,外标法定量。结果 PFOA和PFOS在1-500 μg/L的浓度范围内线性良好,相关系数均大于0.99。PFOA和PFOS的检出限分别为0.2和0.3 μg/L,在5,10,50 μg/L 3个添加水平下平均回收率范围均处于84.8%~89.6%之间,相对标准偏差均小于8.41%。结论 分子印迹聚合物修饰的固相微萃取材料对PFOA和PFOS的选择富集性强,MISPME-AMS 方法不需要色谱分离,极大程度提高检测效率。该方法能快速、简便、灵敏的检测牛奶中的PFOA和PFOS。     

纺织品中全氟辛烷磺酸及全氟辛酸的测定及其研究进展

全氟辛烷磺酸(PFOS)和全氟辛酸(PFOA)等化合物是应用广泛但对环境有持久污染的有机物.开展纺织品中PFOS和PFOA检测方法的研究是保护环境和人类健康,提升纺织产品质量的迫切要求.简述了PFOS和PFOA的各种检测方法和复杂样品的前处理技术,指出应研究有关纺织品中PFOS和PFOA快速、精确的测定方法,并尽快建立...     

全氟辛烷磺酰基化合物及全氟辛酸测试技术

为遏制全氟辛烷磺酰基化合物(PFOS)和全氟辛酸(PFOA)的全球性污染及对人类健康的危害,美、欧等国的有关部门及相关组织相继提出了禁止PFOS和PFOA生产及使用的规定.随着欧盟等对PFOS禁令的颁布和实施,PFOS和PFOA监测技术及分析方法研究倍受关注.然而,对于这些全氟化合物的定量测定,目前国际上尚无统一的标准...     

食品接触材料中全氟化合物的迁移规律研究

目的研究全氟化合物从食品接触材料到食品模拟物中的迁移规律。方法根据全氟化合物制品在日常生活中的使用情况,选择4个品牌的纸杯和3个品牌的包装袋进行了试验,以全氟辛酸、全氟辛烷磺酸等为研究对象,参考食品接触材料及制品迁移试验通则的具体要求,采用不同食品模拟物、不同操作方式、不同保存时间和温度等因素考察对全氟新烷磺酸、全氟辛酸的迁移量和迁移规律的影响。目标化合物通过C_(18)色谱柱进行分离,以乙腈-5 mmol/L的乙酸铵为流动相进行梯度洗脱;流速0.2 mL/min;柱温为30℃;进样量1μL,由三重四级杆质谱进行定性和定量分析。结果数据显示在模拟物为食用油时PFOA的迁移量是最大的,超过0.01 ng/cm~2;其他情况PFOA的溶出量都低于0.002 ng/cm~2; PFOS的溶出量均较少,低于0.002 ng/cm~2。结论初步得到食品接触材料中典型全氟化合物的迁移规律基础数据,说明无论是何种品牌的纸杯或是包装袋,接触食物均会产生PFOA和PFOS的微量溶出,经过膳食暴露可能会引起健康危害。     

鸡蛋中全氟化合物残留特征及其风险评估

为探究鸡蛋中全氟化合物(perfluorinated compounds,PFCs)的残留特征及其健康风险,采用离子对萃取与高效液相色谱质谱联用相结合的方法,对全国11个省(直辖市)产地鸡蛋中12种PFCs进行了分析,结果显示:全氟辛烷磺酸(perfluorooctane sulfonate,PFOS)与全氟辛酸(perfluorooctanoic acid,PFOA)是鸡蛋中主要残留物,东部沿海产鸡蛋中ΣPFCs高于内陆,北方产鸡蛋中PFOS含量较高,煮鸡蛋中ΣPFCs仅为生鸡蛋11%。PFOS、PFOA风险评估结果显示,鸡蛋中PFCs对人体不具即时危害。     

食品接触材料中全氟辛烷磺酸(PFOS)检测方法的研究进展

全氟辛烷磺酸（PFOS）由于具有生物蓄积性、多种毒性和难降解的特点,近年来受到越来越多的国内外学者的关注。作为一种广泛存在的典型全氟化合物,PFOS通过各种途径不同程度地污染了许多日常食物,如快餐包装纸对食物的污染、一次性纸杯对饮料的污染、不粘锅涂层对饭菜的污染等,其中食品接触材料是最易被忽视的一个污染途径。PFOS具有急性毒性、肝脏毒性、神经毒性、免疫毒性、细胞毒性及生殖毒性等多种毒性作用,但在被污染的食品接触材料中,PFOS的含量往往比较低,因此对其快速准确地测定有一定的难度。本文主要综述了PFOS的毒性、PFOS在各种介质中的污染水平、PFOS向食品中的迁移状况以及检测食品接触材料中PFOS的各种方法,并对食品接触材料中PFOS的检测及其发展作出总结与展望。     

液相色谱-串联质谱法测定皮革中PFOS及PFOA盐类

建立了皮革中全氟辛烷磺酸盐(PFOS)及全氟辛酸盐(PFOA)的萃取及液相色谱-串联质谱(LC-MS/MS)的检测方法.采用索氏抽提进行萃取,溶剂为甲醇,萃取液经弱阴离子固相萃取柱(Oasis WAX)净化处理后,采用负离子电喷雾电离、多级反应离子监测(MRM)模式进行LC-MS/MS检测.结果表明,PFOS和PFOA浓度在1 ～50 μg/L范围内,线性相关系良好,相关系数均大于0.995,在10 ～160 mg/kg范围内的添加水平回收率为80%～105%,相对标准偏差为6.3%～15.5%(n=6),定量检出限均为0.5 mg/kg.该方法可用于皮革中PFOS及PFOA盐类物质的测定.     

全氟化合物在食品中的污染情况及检测方法研究进展

全氟化合物以其优良的稳定性及表面活性作为加工助剂已被应用于多个领域,但它是一类多脏器毒性的环境污染物,具有持久性、生物积累性、难降解性等特点。本文综述了全氟辛酸和全氟辛烷磺酸等全氟化合物的危害、各国对其使用的限制和规定、各类食品中全氟化合物的污染情况和含量水平的差异,重点比较了不同测定全氟化合物方法的优劣,阐述了今后检测技术的发展方向,为我国开展食品中全氟化合物的风险评估及研究提供参考。     

Monitoring of perfluorinated compounds in edible fish from the Mediterranean Sea

Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorooctane sulphonate (PFOS) are environmental contaminants belonging to a chemical group known as perfluorinated compounds (PCFs). The United States Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA) considers both compounds to be carcinogenic. The goal of the present study was to evaluate the contamination levels of PFOS and PFOA in edible fish of the Mediterranean Sea. Twenty six fish muscles, 17 fish livers, five series of cephalopods (each composed of ten specimens) and thirteen series of bivalves (each composed of about 50 specimens) were used for the investigation. A fast sample treatment, followed by an LC–ESI–MS/MS method is described for the identification, and quantification of PFOA and PFOS in fish. The method was in-house-validated through the determination of precision, accuracy, specificity, calibration curve, decision limit (CCα), and detection capability (CCβ). The results showed PFOA and PFOS levels in fishes and molluscs lower than those reported for analogue matrices in different geographic areas. Therefore, our biomonitoring results did not show that the Mediterranean Sea had any particularly alarming pollution by PFCs, although it is located in a semi-closed basin with scarce water change. Nonetheless, a worrying element is that a few fish showed extremely high contamination by PFOA and PFOS. This finding needs further clarification in order to assess whether such unusual contamination is linked to “dot-like” pollutant release, which could explain the anomaly.     

Contamination of food by fluorinated surfactants – Distribution in emulsions and impact on the interfacial protein behaviour

Perfluorooctanesulphonic acid (PFOS) and perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) are the final products of degradation of numerous fluorochemicals, intensively used in industry. Due to their high stability and low level of biodegradability, they remain in the environment. Their occurrence in milk constitutes one of the numerous initial steps of contamination of many manufactured food products. We contributed to the understanding of the food contamination in analysing the distribution of PFOS and PFOA in food model emulsions. Emulsions stabilised by whey protein isolates were prepared from either contaminated aqueous phase or contaminated sunflower seed oil phase and homogenised at high pressures. Aqueous and creamed phases of emulsions were separated to evaluate the distribution of PFOS and PFOA between these two phases using a combination of liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry. PFOS and PFOA, initially present in water, migrate in the creamed phase due to their bindings with proteins that cover the oil–water interface of oil droplets. PFOS may also be present at interfaces due to its hydrophobicity. PFOS and PFOA bound to proteins moreover modified the interfacial behaviour of proteins at model air–water interfaces in proportions depending on the concentration and the head group of the perfluorinated surfactants.     

食品接触纸质包装材料中有害物质的迁移及潜在危害的研究进展

食品接触用纸是指在正常或可预见的使用条件下,预期与食品接触的各种纸及制品,包括涂蜡纸、纸浆模塑制品及食品加工烹饪用纸等。由于在加工处理过程中需要加入各种添加剂,其本身所含的助剂、单体、低聚体、降解物等化学残留物就可能通过吸收、溶解、扩散等途径迁移到食品中,污染食品,造成一定的食品安全隐患。本文通过对比国内外相关法规与标准对纸质食品接触材料检测项目、限量指标和检测标准等方面的规定,对食品接触纸质包装材料中有害物质的迁移及其潜在危害进行总结,并对食品接触纸质包装材料中有害物质全氟辛烷磺酸(perfluorooctane sulfonates,PFOS)、全氟辛酸(perfluorooctanoic acid,PFOA)、荧光增白剂、特定芳香胺(specific aromatic amines,PAAs)、甲醛、五氯苯酚、丙烯酰胺、重金属、光引发剂的迁移及其潜在危害进行综述。     

液相色谱和液质联用法分析食品中苯并咪唑类药物残留的研究进展

苯并咪唑类药物作为驱虫剂和杀菌剂广泛使用,该类组分及其代谢物引起的食品安全问题得到越来越多的关注。液相色谱与液相色谱质谱法是目前检测食品中苯并咪唑类物质的常用方法,本文汇总了苯并咪唑类物质主要用途以及残留标志物等基本信息,论述了QuEChERS技术、固相萃取技术、液-液萃取技术以及分子印迹技术四种前处理方法,总结了液相色谱以及液质联用在检测食品中苯并咪唑上的应用,建议通过提高设备的小型化和自动化、精准前处理吸附剂材料以及完善质谱数据库来提高苯并咪唑类物质的检测水平,旨在为食品中苯并咪唑类物质检测的深入研究提供参考。     

食品中亚硝酸盐检测方法的研究进展

亚硝酸盐广泛存在于肉制品、腌制食品和蔬菜等食品中。由于亚硝酸盐有一定的毒性,摄入过多会危害人体健康。因此,应用快速可靠的方法检测食品中的亚硝酸盐尤为重要。本文总结了各类食品在检测前的预处理方法,综述了近年来国内外检测食品中亚硝酸盐的主要方法和研究进展,总结分析了光度法、色谱法、化学发光法、电化学法、滴定分析法的原理、检测限和优缺点,旨在为科学准确地检测各类食品中的亚硝酸盐提供参考依据。     

Health risks in infants associated with exposure to perfluorinated compounds in human breast milk from Zhoushan, China

Recent studies have reported the ubiquitous distribution of perfluorinated compounds (PFCs), especially perfluorooctanesulfonate (PFOS) and perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), in wildlife and human whole blood or serum. In 2003 a solid phase extraction method was developed, which allowed the measurement of PFCs in human breast milk. In the present study, PFCs in samples of human breast milk from 19 individuals from Zhoushan, China, were analyzed by modifying a previously established method, based on weak-anion exchange extraction. PFOS and PFOA were the two dominant chemicals detected in all the milk samples. Concentrations of PFOS and PFOA ranged from 45 to 360 ng/L and 47 to 210 ng/L, respectively. The maximum concentrations of other PFCs were 100 ng/L for perfluorohexanesulfonate (PFHxS), 62 ng/L for perfluorononanoate (PFNA), 15 ng/L for perfluorodecanoate (PFDA) and 56 ng/L for perfluoroundecanoate (PFUnDA). Statistically significant correlations between various PFCs suggested a common exposure source to humans. No statistically significant correlation was found between concentrations of either PFOS or PFOA and maternal age, weight, or infant weight. Rate of consumption of fish was found to be positively correlated with PFNA, PFDA, and PFUnDA concentrations. Daily intake of PFOS for the child via breast milk with greater PFOS concentrations exceeded the predicted conservative reference dose in 1 of 19 samples, indicating that there may be a small potential risk of PFOS for the infants in Zhoushan via the consumption of breast milk.