斯特林型脉冲管制冷机中压缩机与冷指耦合实验研究

从理论上分析了质量流和压力波对脉冲管制冷机中冷指和压缩机耦合的影响, 针对1台6 W/95 K斯特林型脉冲管制冷机行了具体研究.实验分析表明:只有当线性压缩机能够提供脉冲管冷指所需的压力波动和质量流量时,整机才可能取得较好的性能;运行频率和整机的输入功率对压缩机效率的影响都小于2%.     

超高频脉冲管双冷指与压缩机的耦合匹配及优化

对一台压缩机分别驱动单个冷指和双冷指脉冲管制冷机进行了实验研究。实验发现双冷指脉冲管制冷机制冷性能和效率都不如单冷指脉冲管制冷机,导致性能下降的原因是由于双冷指制冷机的总阻抗与压缩机不匹配。从阻抗的角度研究双冷指制冷机与压缩机的耦合匹配特性,根据压缩机理论PV功转化效率,对与双冷指耦合的线性压缩机进行了参数优化。优化后的双冷指脉冲管制冷机可获得和单冷指脉冲管制冷机几乎一致的理论PV功转化效率。     

1.6kg小型同轴脉冲管制冷机实验研究

小型脉冲管制冷机在空间以及军事领域有广泛的应用前景,通过提高制冷机的工作频率可减小制冷机的体积与质量。研制了1台重1.6 kg的脉冲管制冷机并进行了实验优化。采用实验室研制的小型直线压缩机驱动,惯性管气库、双向进气作为调相机构,在输入电功45 W,冷端温度80 K时可获得2.12 W的制冷量,相对卡诺效率13.0%。由于运行频率高,冷指尺寸小,冷指降温时间短,2 min降温到80 K,并且冷头温度受重力影响较小。     

脉冲管制冷机的整机二维数值模拟

利用FLUENT软件对脉冲管制冷机进行了二维轴对称数值模拟。和文献中实验的对比结果表明,模拟计算使用的数理模型是合理的,能够准确预报脉冲管制冷机的最低制冷温度。进而,对中科院自主开发的脉冲管制冷系统进行了数值研究,探讨了频率、充气压力以及振幅对脉冲管制冷机性能的影响。结果显示,对于一定尺寸的脉冲管制冷机有一个最佳运行频率,大振幅和相对较小的充气压力可以取得较好的制冷效果。     

双冷指脉冲管制冷机共用气库性能探究

采用单压缩机驱动双冷指脉冲管制冷机可以减少结构尺寸,并同时在两个温区获得制冷效果,双冷指共用一个气库可以在一定程度上进一步减少制冷机布置空间。为研究双冷指共用气库的可行性及气库体积的影响,针对两台脉冲管冷指,在优化设计惯性管后,选取4种共用气库体积(180 cm~3、140 cm~3、100 cm~3和60 cm~3)探究了制冷性能的变化情况。结果表明当两台脉冲管冷指的制冷温度和制冷量变化时,制冷效率与气库体积存在一定的耦合匹配关系,在一定运行条件下选取较小的气库体积可以获得较高的制冷效率。     

100-140 Hz脉冲管制冷机耦合特性的实验研究

为研究惯性管长度变化对压缩机输出效率和压缩机与冷指之间的耦合特性的影响,对100-140 Hz的2 kg级的高频脉冲管制冷机的整机效率进行了理论分析,通过实验研究了不同惯性管长度对压缩机活塞位移、相位、压力波的影响,并得出了压缩机输出PV功.实验结果表明不同惯性管长度组合,对应不同频率压缩机的效率最高;制冷机整机效率最...     

深冷文献消息(国内)

2007001 300Hz脉冲管制冷机特性研究；2007002　压比对回热器性能影响的理论分析；2007003　斯特林型脉冲管制冷机中压缩机与冷指耦合实验研究；2007004　液氮浴中不锈钢板动态冷却过程试验及模拟分析；2007005　EAST装置2kW／4．5K氦制冷机透平膨胀机的测试     

高频微型非金属脉冲管制冷机轴向导热损失的计算分析

针对所开发的高频微型同轴非金属脉冲管制冷机进行了轴向导热损失的计算与分析,并与相同几何尺寸的金属脉冲管制冷机进行了比较。仅从降低轴向导热损失的角度讲,使用低导热率的非金属材料制作制冷机部件对制冷性能有较大的积极作用。对于2台实验样机而言,通过蓄冷器和脉冲管内的气体的轴向导热损失已经超出通过各自管壁的轴向导热而成为最大的导热损失项,但通过蓄冷填料的轴向导热损失却成为三项损失中一个可以忽略的小量,这是非金属脉冲管制冷机区别于相同几何尺寸的常规金属脉冲管制冷机的显著特点。     

高频微型同轴非金属脉冲管制冷机几何尺寸优化的实验研究

寻找出能使制冷机达到最佳制冷性能的部件几何尺寸匹配规律,是脉冲管制冷机研制过程中的一个重要任务.以设计的高频微型同轴非金属脉冲管制冷机为例,在设定部分固定参数的条件下,通过实验得出了脉冲管和蓄冷器各自的最佳长径比,最佳的脉冲管与蓄冷器的空体积之比,所得实验结果可以作为该类型脉冲管制冷机的初设计依据.     

液氮温区同轴脉冲管制冷机的实验研究

脉冲管制冷机冷头朝上布置可以使制冷机与超导器件的耦合更方便 ,但对G -M型脉冲管制冷机 ,重力会对这种布置方式产生不利影响。对双向进气型脉冲管制冷机 ,直流和耦合传热会共同影响脉冲管制冷机的性能。介绍了液氮温区G -M型同轴脉冲管制冷机的实验结果 ,主要研究了蓄冷器温度分布和重力对脉冲管制冷机性能的影响     

Experimental study on the coupling characteristics of 100 Hz inertance tube pulse tube cryocooler working under optimal frequcency

Miniature pulse tube cryocooler is one of the main developing trends of pulse tube cryocooler. Four pulse tube cold fingers, two compressors and a series of inerance tube assemblies are employed to carry out the experimental investigation of coupling characteristic of miniature pulse tube cryocooler. It is concluded that the cooling performance of miniature pulse tube cryocooler is determined by the match conditions among its compressor, cold finger and inertance tube. If the three parts of cooler match well, the cold finger can achieve nearly same cooling performance under two totally different working conditions.     

A three-stage Stirling pulse tube cryocooler operating below the critical point of helium-4

Precooled phase shifters can significantly enhance the phase shift effect and further improve the performance of pulse tube cryocoolers. A separate three-stage Stirling pulse tube cryocooler (SPTC) with a cold inertance tube was designed and fabricated. Helium-4 instead of the rare helium-3 was used as the working fluid. The cryocooler reached a bottom temperature of 4.97 K with a net cooling power of 25 mW at 6.0 K. The operating frequency was 29.9 Hz and the charging pressure was 0.91 MPa. It is the first time a refrigeration temperature below the critical point of helium-4 was obtained in a three-stage Stirling pulse tube cryocooler.     

Influence of the connecting tube at the cold end in a U-shaped pulse tube cryocooler

In some special applications, the pulse tube cryocooler must be designed as U-shape; however, the connecting tube at the cold end will influence the cooling performance. Although lots of U-shape pulse tubes have been developed, the mechanism of the influence of the connecting tube on the performance has not been well demonstrated. Based on thermoacoustic theory, this paper discusses the influence of the length and diameter of the connecting tube, transition structure, flow straightener, impedance of the inertance tube, etc. on the cooling performance. Primary experiments were carried out in two in-line shape pulse tube cryocoolers to verify the analysis. The two cryocoolers shared the same regenerator, heat exchangers, inertance tube and straightener, and the pulse tube, so the influence of these components could be eliminated. With the same electric power, the pulse tube cryocooler without connecting parts obtained 31 W cooling power at 77 K; meanwhile, the other pulse tube cryocooler with the connecting parts only obtained 27 W, so the connecting tube induced more than a 12.9% decrease on the cooling performance, which agrees with the calculation quite well.     

两级同轴型脉管制冷机回热器与脉管壁换热影响的模拟与实验

针对同轴型结构的两级脉管制冷机,采用热力学方法分析了回热器与脉管壁间换热作用对制冷机性能的影响。发现当脉管内热量通过壁面传向回热器时,脉管冷端焓流将增大,进而提升脉管冷指的制冷量。对设计的一台两级同轴型高频脉管冷指进行了数值模拟。模拟结果表明相同结构参数及输入下,引入回热器与脉管壁间的径向换热作用,低温级制冷量由原先的0.55 W@30 K提升至1.39 W@30 K,而对高温级的影响却小到可以忽略。     

Investigation on a three-cold-finger pulse tube cryocooler

This paper introduces a new type of pulse tube cryocooler, three-cold-finger pulse tube cryocooler (TCFPTC), which consists of one linear compressor and three cold fingers, i.e., CFA, CFB and CFC. Those three cold fingers are driven by the linear compressor simultaneously. This paper investigates two aspects. First, it studies the mass flow distribution among the three cold fingers by varying the input electrical power. The cooling powers of the three cold fingers at constant cooling temperatures and the cooling temperatures of the three cold fingers at constant cooling powers with various input electrical powers are investigated. Secondly, the interaction among the three cold fingers is investigated by varying the heating power of any one cold finger. Generally, if the heating power applied on one cold finger increases, with its cold head temperature rising up, the cold head temperatures of the others will decrease. But, when the cooling power of CFC has been 4 W, the cold head temperature of whichever cold finger increases, the cold head temperature of CFA or CFB will seldom change if its heating power keeps constant.     

10W/80K高频同轴脉冲管制冷机的实验性能

介绍了一款大冷量高频单级同轴脉冲管制冷机的基本结构、数值模拟和实验性能。其线性压缩机采用Redlich动磁式直线电机驱动,压缩活塞对置布置,使用板弹簧支撑和间隙密封技术,80 K温区工作时的电机效率在83%以上。膨胀机的蓄冷器和脉冲管为同轴型布置,这种结构使冷头与器件之间的耦合非常方便。使用数值软件对制冷机整机和调相部件进行数值模拟,并对模拟结果进行实验验证。对制冷机的运行频率和制冷性能进行实验研究,制冷机在210.3 W输入电功时能获得10 W/80 K的制冷性能,比卡诺效率为12.66%,运行频率为62 Hz,整机重量小于5.5 kg。     

Performances investigation of two parallel PTCs driven by one linear compressor

To achieve refrigeration at different positions, we tried out pairs of different coaxial pulse tube cryocoolers (PTCs) driven in parallel by a single compressor and set up an experimental apparatus. The refrigerating performances of different PTC combinations are investigated through simulation and experiments. The distribution of output PV power between the PTCs is analysed by comparing the refrigeration performance for single PTC operation to that of two PTCs operated in parallel. Experiments and simulation results show that a typical combination consisting of PTC1 (diameter of cold finger: 14 mm) and PTC2-1 (diameter of cold finger: 10 mm) can simultaneously achieve refrigeration capacities of around 0.5 W at 60 K and 0.5 W at 80 K. The combination of two samples (PTC2-1 + PTC2-2) of the same type of PTC shows a non-uniformity of refrigerating performances. Power distribution among the PTCs depends mainly on the size of the pulse tubes and the phase change. The length of the connection tube has significant influence on the refrigeration performances of two parallel PTCs in the experiments.     

斯特林型脉冲管制冷机的最新进展

介绍了斯特林型脉冲管制冷机在理论分析和实用化方面的进展。与斯特林制冷机相比 ,由于低温端没有运动部件 ,脉冲管制冷机在寿命、可靠性和振动等方面有明显的优势 ,同时直流现象的发现和对它的抑制 ,以及双向进气、长颈管等调相机构的应用 ,使得斯特林型脉冲管制冷机的效率也可以达到或超过斯特林制冷机 ,从而使斯特林型脉冲管制冷机在空间、红外器件和超导器件冷却等方面有广泛的应用     

冷端孔径对涡流管性能影响的实验研究

本文搭建了涡流管性能实验台,研究了不同冷端孔口直径的涡流管实验样机的性能。当进口压力为0.3~0.5 MPa时,分析了冷端孔径对冷端温降特性、制冷量特性、等熵温度效率特性及COP特性的影响。结果表明:冷端孔口直径对涡流管性能有很大影响,存在一个使涡流管冷端温降及制冷量均达到最大值的最佳冷端孔口直径,在本文设计的涡流管几何尺寸条件下,最佳冷端孔口直径为5 mm,最佳冷端孔口直径与热端直径比为0.5。