基于相关性和主成分分析的上犹名优绿茶品质评价

目的 比较8种上犹名优绿茶的品质。方法 对8种上犹名优绿茶进行感官审评和品质成分检测,采用相关性和主成分分析对结果进行综合评价。结果 8种上犹名优绿茶感官品质综合得分由高到低排序为:五指峰上洞茶厂云片>峻岭茗毫毛尖>油石嶂毛尖>忠誉鹰盘山黄金叶毛尖>陶氏茶业毛尖>营前雾毫毛尖=光菇山毛尖>犹江绿月毛尖;各茶样在品质成分含量上存在一定差异,水浸出物含量为32.62%～51.75%,可溶性糖含量为4.31%～5.37%,可溶蛋白含量为1.92%～2.22%,茶多酚含量为15.37%～18.97%,游离氨基酸含量为3.24%～5.71%,咖啡碱含量为3.52%～4.08%,黄酮含量为0.39%～0.61%;相关性分析结果显示,水浸出物、可溶性糖、茶多酚与汤色呈弱正相关,可溶性糖与香气呈弱正相关;游离氨基酸与滋味、香气呈弱正相关,咖啡碱与滋味、香气均呈高度正相关(P<0.05),相关系数分别为0.81和0.85;采用主成分分析法建立综合品质得分数学模型Y=0.4848Y1+0.1829Y2+0.1456Y3, 8个茶样综合品质得分由高到低依次是:陶氏茶...     

溪头滴水香绿茶化学成分分析与品质评价

目的 分析溪头滴水香绿茶的化学成分并进行品质评价。方法 采用相关性分析和主成分分析,对溪头滴水香绿茶的感官指标和化学成分进行综合评价。结果 6份溪头滴水香绿茶的感官品质综合得分从高到低排序为：溪头>竹岭>汪满田=西坡>大北山>岱岭。不同产区的茶叶品质化学成分存在一定的差异,水浸出物含量为49.5%~52.4%,游离氨基酸含量为4.4%~5.8%,茶多酚含量为17.1%~19.1%,儿茶素总量为10.67%~14.24%,水分含量为1.86%~8.55%,咖啡碱含量为3.0%~3.7%。相关性分析结果显示,滴水香绿茶的色、香、味等品质与氨基酸、水浸出物、酚氨比、儿茶素、酚碱比等有较强的关系。采用主成分分析建立综合品质得分数学模型,6件样品综合品质得分由高到低顺序为溪头>西坡>汪满田>竹岭>大北山>岱岭。结论 溪头滴水香绿茶具有优良的品质,化学成分含量丰富,滋味鲜爽、香气高,但溪头滴水香绿茶的加工生产需要形成标准化工艺流程。本研究结果可为溪头滴水香绿茶的工艺、品质提升及宣传推广提供数据支撑和一定的理论依据。     

不同品种名优绿茶理化品质及挥发性成分分析

为探究不同品种名优绿茶各理化成分、挥发性香气成分差异,通过各组分与绿茶品种进行相关性分析,最终确定可以在一定程度上反应不同绿茶品种的代表性成分,本文以安吉白茶、碧螺春、龙井三种不同品种绿茶为研究对象,采用福林酚比色法、茚三酮比色法和GC-MS联用测定其茶多酚、游离氨基酸以及挥发性香气成分,并通过相对含量对三种名优绿茶进行识别。结果表明,不同品种的绿茶理化成分具有一定差异,其中茶多酚、酚氨比、抗坏血酸、表没食子儿茶素没食子酸酯(Epigallocatechin gallate,EGCG)、酯型儿茶素与非酯型儿茶素的比值均有显著差异性(P<0.05),且对三种绿茶感官品质均有显著相关性,其中酚氨比(r=-0.942)、抗坏血酸的相关性最为显著(r=0.955)。茶叶中的香气物质成分繁多复杂,且不同成分对茶叶的香气有不同的香气贡献。实验提取了20种共同挥发性成分,其中醇类化合物、酮类和醛类化合物大部分具有花香和清香等香型特征,在绿茶成分中含量较高。因此,确定茶多酚、酚氨比、抗坏血酸、酯型儿茶素与非酯型儿茶素的比值和20种共同挥发性成分种物质作为与绿茶品质密切相关的\     

典型名优绿茶香气化学研究进展

优越的茶香品质是名优绿茶的突出特征之一,它们的香气总体相似又各具特色。选取了洞庭碧螺春、西湖龙井、信阳毛尖、黄山毛峰4种典型名优绿茶,结合绿茶的成分与加工特点,分析了名优绿茶中的香气物质的来源及其理化性质,并对比其感官品质和香气组成。茶树的品种和生长环境、茶叶制作工艺以及贮藏条件等因素都对不同种类的名优绿茶在香气品质表现上的差异有着复杂的影响,今后,对上述名优绿茶香气影响因子的作用机理与调控方法的进一步深入研究仍将是名优绿茶香气化学的重要发展方向。     

滚筒和蒸汽杀青针形名优绿茶机制过程中主要化学成分及香气组成的对比研究

文章采用高效液相色谱、气相色谱/质谱等方法,分析比较了炒青型和蒸青型机制针形名优绿茶加工过程主要品质成分的变化。结果表明,茶多酚和儿茶素含量在两种工艺加工过程中均呈下降趋势,下降幅度蒸青型针形茶大于炒青型针形茶;叶绿素含量在两种工艺加工过程中也呈下降趋势,但蒸青型针形茶的含量显著高于炒青型针形茶;两种工艺过程可溶性糖和氨基酸含量变化差异不显著。GC/MS分析表明,两类针形名茶香气物质的组成十分接近,但香气含量炒青型针形名茶略高于蒸青型针形名茶;二者的香型相似率为0.98,香气类型相近。通过改善热风脱水和提香工艺,蒸青型针形名优绿茶可以达到炒青型针形名优绿茶的品质要求,并且色泽比炒青型针形名优绿茶更绿。     

扁形绿茶矿质元素含量与品质成分相关性分析

为探明扁形绿茶矿质元素含量与品质成分是否存在一定的相关性,实地采集5个产地（湖北省大悟县、浙江省磐安县、安徽省歙县、贵州省湄潭县、四川省峨眉山市）共10个代表性扁形绿茶样品,测定了9种矿质元素（Mg、K、Ca、P、Al、Mn、Fe、Zn、B）与5种品质成分（水浸出物、茶多酚、游离氨基酸、可溶性总糖、咖啡碱）含量。结果表明,扁形绿茶样品中矿质元素之间互相影响,存在协同或拮抗作用。品质成分中水浸出物含量与B含量呈显著负相关（P<0.05）,茶多酚含量与Fe含量呈极显著负相关（P<0.01）,可溶性总糖含量与B含量呈显著正相关（P<0.05）,与Mg、Ca含量则呈显著负相关（P<0.05）,Fe、Mn含量与咖啡碱存在显著负相关（P<0.05）。主成分分析结果显示前3个主成分解释累计方差贡献率为89.00%,Mg、Ca、Zn、Al、P可作为扁形绿茶的特征矿质元素,水浸出物、游离氨基酸可作为评价扁形绿茶品质的重要理化指标。聚类分析结果表明,同一产地的扁形绿茶样品聚为一类,不同产地则明显区分开,表明扁形绿茶品质存在明显的地域分布特征。     

风味蛋白酶对绿茶风味成分和感官品质的影响

杀青叶在不同浓度风味蛋白酶液中浸润后,经过揉捻、干燥制作成绿茶,探讨风味蛋白酶对绿茶风味成分含量和感官品质的影响。结果表明,用浓度为5.0～20.0 g/L的风味蛋白酶处理绿茶,茶叶中具有苦涩滋味的EGC、EGCG和ECG等酯型儿茶素分别下降3.35%～31.42%、4.11%～18.67%、1.05%～9.27%,具有醇和滋味的D,L-C含量增加54.51%～141.72%,儿茶素总量下降3.24%～19.03%,水浸出物和茶多酚含量均呈下降趋势,降低率分别为2.99%～5.34%、1.57%～10.58%。鲜味氨基酸和游离氨基酸总量分别下降2.33%～7.76%和2.58%～6.89%。当风味蛋白酶浓度小于10.0 g/L时,茶汤苦涩滋味明显降低,且具有一定的鲜爽度。该研究结果为利用风味蛋白酶改善夏秋季绿茶品质提供了参考。     

信阳红品质与化学成分相关性的研究

通过对不同等级10个信阳红茶的品质进行感官审评和生化成分进行测定,探讨信阳红茶品质与生化成分间的相关性。结果表明:信阳红茶汤色与茶红素相关性最高,其次是茶黄素;香气与茶多酚的相关性最高;滋味与氨基酸相关性最高,其次是茶多酚、咖啡碱;叶底主要与茶红素、茶黄素和茶多酚相关;与茶叶综合品质相关性较高的主要是茶多酚、氨基酸与咖啡碱。     

名优绿茶仿生采摘指研制

提出了一种能够模仿人工提手采动作的仿生采摘指结构,并完成了采摘指的结构设计。为了提高采摘指的灵巧性和结构紧凑性,对采摘指进行了运动学和静力学分析,通过遗传算法对结构几何参数进行了优化,使得驱动力的传递效率提高了26.6%。在此基础上制作了采摘指原理样机,并完成了气力驱动与控制系统的设计,室内初步试验结果表明:采摘成功率近70%,能够实现预期动作。     

不同类型沱茶品质与特征性成分分析

目的 探明不同类型沱茶的品质和特征性成分。方法 本文采用高效液相色谱、感官审评、Lab颜色模型等方法,比较分析供试沱茶的主要品质成分、干茶色泽和感官品质,结合多元统计学方法明确不同沱茶的特征化学物质组成。结果 云岭沱茶的感官审评综合得分高于其他沱茶,其汤色亮度和叶底嫩度优于其他沱茶,下关沱茶以儿茶素、表儿茶素、表儿茶素没食子酸酯含量较高,而茶黄素含量较低为特征,山城沱茶以茶红素含量较高,而水浸出物、咖啡碱、没食子酸含量较低为特征,云岭沱茶以茶黄素、茶多酚、表没食子儿茶素没食子酸酯、表没食子儿茶素、没食子酸、咖啡碱含量较高,而茶红素、茶褐素、儿茶素含量较低为特征,与沱茶感官审评得分呈显著正相关的生化成分有茶多酚、咖啡碱、没食子酸、茶黄素、表没食子儿茶素、表没食子儿茶素没食子酸酯。结论 不同类型沱茶生化成分的含量与组成特征差异较大。     

Analysis of chemical components in green tea in relation with perceived quality,a case study with Longjing teas

Properties of leaf and infusion colours, chemical components and volatile flavour compounds of Longjing teas and their correlation with perceived quality score given by tea‐tasting panel were analysed. The scores for appearance, infused leaves and for the Total Quality Score (TQS) negatively correlated with concentrations of chlorophyll‐a (Chl‐a), Chl‐b and total chlorophyll (r = ?0.723 to ?0.846, P < 0.01). The perceived taste score positively correlated with the concentration of total free amino acid (r = 0.527, P < 0.05) and theanine (r = 0.511, P < 0.05), whereas the TQS positively correlated with total free amino acid (r = 0.533). The volatile composition and their quantities varied widely among Longjing tea samples. (E)‐geraniol, linalool, hexanal, pentanal, heptanal, nonanal and jasmone were prevailing volatile compounds detected in all samples. Principal component analysis (PCA) screened twelve principal components with the first three explaining 18.82%, 15.31% and 11.83% of the total variance respectively. The concentrations of total free amino acids, pentanal and epigallocatechin gallate were with the highest component score coefficients for the first three principal components respectively. Regression analysis upon the twelve principal components formulated a prediction model on the TQS with 77.0% probability.     

Effect of selenium spraying on green tea quality

This research was conducted to determine the effects of different selenium treatments on the sensory and chemical qualities of green tea harvested in the summer tea‐producing season. Green tea was produced from fresh tea leaves sprayed with sodium selenite or organically bound selenium solution. The results showed that the sweetness and aroma of green tea extracts were significantly increased and the astringent taste and bitterness were significantly reduced by selenium spraying during the summer tea‐producing season. Significant differences in astringent taste, bitterness and sweetness of green tea extracts were found between sodium selenite and organically bound selenium treatments. The total amino acid and vitamin C contents of green tea were significantly increased and the ratio of polyphenols and amino acids was significantly decreased by selenium spraying. The vitamin C content of green tea during storage was more stable as a result of selenium treatment. No significant difference was found between sodium selenite and organically bound selenium treatments. These results demonstrate that the sensory and chemical qualities of green tea were significantly improved by selenium spraying. © 2001 Society of Chemical Industry     

Analysis of chemical components in oolong tea in relation to perceived quality

Properties of leaf and infusion colours, chemical components and volatile flavour compounds of oolong teas and their correlation with perceived quality score given by tea‐tasting panel were analysed. The scores for appearance and infused leaf correlated strongly with concentrations of chlorophyll a (chl a), chlorophyll (chl b) and chlorophyll (chl) (r = 0.355–0.433, P < 0.05) and the total quality score (TQS) positively correlated with concentrations of chl a, chl b and chl (r = 0.517–0.533, P < 0.01). The perceived taste score and TQS positively correlated with the concentration of total free amino acid (r = 0.514, 0.694, P < 0.01) and theanine (r = 0.500, 0.684, P < 0.01). The volatile composition and their quantities varied widely among oolong tea samples. Nerolidol, indole, benzeneacetaldehyde, linalool, linalool oxide I, hexanal, benzyl nitrile, geraniol and 1‐penten‐3‐ol were prevailing volatile compounds detected in most of oolong tea samples. Principal component analysis screened ten principal components with the first three (glutamic acid, total catechins and benzeneacetaldehyde) explaining 27.86%, 20.00% and 14.46% of the total variance, respectively. Regression analysis upon the ten principal components formulated a prediction model on the total quality score with 78.5% probability. The result showed that oolong teas could be partially classified by cluster analysis based on principal components.     

A study on chemical estimation of pu‐erh tea quality

Chemical compositions and infusion colour differences of seven pu‐erh tea samples and their correlation to sensory quality were investigated. The results showed that the pu‐erh tea contained 37.1 mg g^?1 caffeine, 15.7 mg g^?1 amino acids, 67.0 mg g^?1 polyphenols and 8.41 mg g^?1 total catechins, on average. Among the 17 tested volatile compounds, n‐valeraldehyde was not detected. The most abundant volatile was β‐ionone and the next was linalool oxide II. Infusion colour analysis showed that the pu‐erh tea had deep hue with ΔE ranging from 66.8 to 79.2. Spearman's linear correlation analysis showed that total quality score (TQS) of the pu‐erh tea was significantly correlated to concentration of amino acids, linalool oxide II and infusion colour indicator ΔE. Five components were extracted from the 34 tested indicators by principal component analysis and were regressed on the TQS to produce six Pearson's linear regression equations for estimating sensory quality of pu‐erh tea, among which two were statistically significant, ie TQS = 57.47 ? 0.18geraniol + 0.33polyphenols ? 1.14n‐caproaldehyde ? 1.38linalool oxide I + 0.21caffeine (p < 0.01) and TQS = 57.42‐0.03Citral + 0.33polyphenols ? 1.14n ? caproaldehyde ? 1.40linalool oxide I + 0.20caffeine (p < 0.01). Copyright © 2004 Society of Chemical Industry     

春季不同时期信阳毛尖茶的化学成分和品质的比较研究

目的:研究不同时期信阳毛尖春茶的化学成分和品质的差异。方法及主要内容:利用重量法对不同时期信阳毛尖春茶的水分、水浸出物进行测定和比较;利用紫外分光光度法对不同时期信阳毛尖春茶的茶多酚、咖啡碱、氨基酸、儿茶素、叶绿素进行测定和比较;利用常规感官审评的方法对不同时期信阳毛尖春茶外形、汤色、香气、滋味、叶底进行审评和比较。结果:不同时期、不同品种、不同嫩度间茶叶的主要化学成分和感官品质存在差异。氨基酸、咖啡碱:前期>后期;福鼎大白>龙井43;嫩度高的>嫩度低的。茶多酚、儿茶素、叶绿素:前期<后期;福鼎大白茶<龙井43;嫩度高的<嫩度低的。结论:时期因子影响着茶叶的整体品质。     

古蔺牛皮茶主要生化成分分析及绿茶品质初探

根据植物学特征,将具代表性的四川古蔺牛皮茶茶树分为8种（Ⅰ^Ⅷ）类型,测试了其茶鲜叶中主要生化成分含量,并对所制烘青绿茶品质进行评审。结果表明,古蔺牛皮茶鲜叶中生化成分含量较丰富,游离氨基酸总量为1.73%±0.02%⁴.96%±0.11%,茶多酚含量为19.04%±0.42%³6.57%±0.57%,咖啡碱含量为3.28%±0.03%⁵.22%±0.04%,水浸出物含量为37.46%±0.09%⁴7.79%±0.37%,儿茶素总量为（104.73±4.44）^194.60±8.52mg/g。其中Ⅴ类的咖啡碱含量达5.22%±0.04%,为高咖啡碱材料,同时其茶多酚含量为36.57%±0.57%及EGCG含量为（82.80±1.05）mg,Ⅱ类游离氨基酸总量最高,为4.96%±0.11%为氨基酸含量较高的育种材料,可从中选育功能成分含量较高的茶树品种。结合主要生化成分含量、酚/氨值及儿茶素组分等可推论,Ⅴ类适制红茶,Ⅱ类类制绿茶品质最优。      

绿陈茶发酵后主要品质及香气成分的变化

以绿陈茶为原料通过潮水后固体发酵,分析茶叶中主要品质成分及香气成分的变化。结果表明,发酵后,绿陈茶中的茶多酚、儿茶素总量分别下降了52.87%和87.12%,简单儿茶素降低了80.88%,酯型儿茶素降低了90.66%,其中EGCG降幅达92.7%,但没食子酸含量增加了888.72%;绿陈茶中的游离氨基酸总量下降了53.67%,叶绿素下降了27.6%,但可溶性糖及水溶性果胶含量分别增加了53.4%和50.15%,茶黄素、茶红素和茶褐素含量分别增加了33.33%、15.26%和129.3%。发酵后,茶样中的香气物质总含量相较于绿陈茶增加了235.80%,并新增了香叶醇、苯并环庚三烯,但二甲基-2-异丙基苯和1-甲基萘不再检测出,芳樟醇及其氧化产物发生了剧烈的变化。植醇和3-甲基-2丁烯基苯是所有茶样中含量最多的两类香气成分。经感官评定发酵后的茶样具有典型的四川黑茶品质风格特征。