枣新品种‘沧金红’

‘沧金红’是从河北沧州‘金丝小枣’中选育出来的优良枣新品种。果实长圆形,平均单果质量10.8 g,鲜果含可溶性固形物37.1%,味甘甜微酸,适宜制干和鲜食。早果丰产,抗浆烂,裂果轻。在河北沧州枣区9月底成熟。     

早熟甜樱桃新品种‘福玲’

‘福玲’是从‘红灯’甜樱桃实生后代中选育出的早熟、大果新品种。果实肾形,果皮紫红色,平均单果质量10.4 g,可溶性固形物含量18.6%,可食率94.2%,果肉硬脆,味甜,品质好,果实发育期42 d,在烟台地区5月25日左右果实成熟,比‘红灯’早熟5 d,早实丰产,盛果期产量12 t ? hm-2,适宜在早中熟甜樱桃产区栽培。     

枣新品种‘中牟脆丰’

 ‘中牟脆丰’是早熟鲜食枣新品种。果实较小,平均单果质量5.91 g,整齐度高,肉质酥脆多汁,风味酸甜,可溶性糖含量17.70%,可滴定酸含量0.55%,口感好,鲜食品质上等。结果能力强,丰产性好,裂果轻。9月中下旬成熟,适宜在河南各枣区栽培。     

世界樱桃育种进展

较系统阐述了樱桃的分类及其在世界范围内的分布,明确了优质、自交可孕、不易裂果、耐贮运、适于机械采收、抗病虫、抗寒等现代育种目标,总结了育种技术和手段、生物技术应用,列出了世界主要国家育成的品种等方面的研究成果,简要介绍了我国的樱桃育种情况,并展望了甜樱桃和酸樱桃育种前景。     

酸樱桃新品种‘奥德’

‘奥德’是从野生酸樱桃中经实生选种选育出的新品种。单果质量5.5 g,总糖为10.36%,总酸度为1.45%,可溶性蛋白质1.40%,果实出汁率达到85.2%。矮化,抗旱、耐盐碱、抗裂果、抗病虫性强,固地性强,已在陕西、甘肃、山西、河南、山东等地栽培。     

Study on Fruitset and Pollen-Compatibility Status in Sweet Cherry (Prunus avuim L.) Cultivars

Prunus avium L. is one of the most important temperate zone fruits in the world. Most of the cherry cultivars always have difficulties of fertilization and fruit set due to self-incompatibility, so they need suitable and compatible pollinizers for commercial fruit production. In this experiment, pollination compatibility of cherry cultivars of ‘Napoleon’, ‘Burlat’, ‘Zhan’, and ‘Lambert’ was studied as both pollen recipients and donors. To determine the compatibility or incompatibility of pollinizers, percent of fruit set was calculated. This research was carried out as a factorial experiment in a randomized complete block design. The final average fruit set in studied cultivars was different under self or cross-pollination. The results showed that ‘Napoleon’, ‘Zhan’ and ‘Lambert’ cultivars are the suitable pollinizers for ‘Burlat’. Also, ‘Burlat’ is a cultivar which produced many fruits under self-pollination. Therefore, ‘Burlat’ can be used as monoculture for orchard establishment. Results showed that cultivar ‘Napoleon’ was cross-incompatible with ‘Lambert’. ‘Zhan’, ‘Napoleon’ and ‘Lambert’ cultivars are founded self-incompatible and require cross-pollinations to obtain fruits.

     

早熟甜樱桃新品种‘泰山蜜脆’

 ‘泰山蜜脆’是从乌克兰引进的樱桃品种‘抉择’自然授粉的杂种胚培苗中选出的新品种。果实心形,平均单果质量7.8 g,最大10.2 g。果实底色黄色,果面着红色;果肉浅黄色,肉质硬脆,肥厚多汁,可溶性固形物含量20.6%,比对照品种‘红灯’高2 ~ 3百分点,甜酸适口,品质极佳。在山东泰安地区5月中下旬果实成熟,果实发育期40 ~ 45 d,比‘红灯’晚熟3 ~ 5 d。     

持续低温胁迫下甜樱桃枝条电导率变化研究

用电导法测定了5个甜樱桃和1个酸樱桃的枝条细胞在经历持续低温胁迫的过程中电解质渗出率(即电导率)的变化,研究了5个甜樱桃品种的抗寒性。结果表明:所有樱桃品系的枝条细胞在接受持续-20℃低温胁迫处理过程中,细胞电解质渗出率先升高后降低,即细胞在接受临界致死温度附近的低温胁迫过程中,在一定的较短时间内细胞的自身恢复能力会快速提高。比较各品种之间电解渗出率的相对大小与分析细胞自身恢复能力情况得出,酸樱桃CAB、红艳和龙冠的抗寒力相对较强,是抗寒性较强品系、品种,红蜜、红灯和茉莉抗寒力相对较弱,是抗寒性较弱品种。     

果桑新品种‘粤椹123’

‘粤椹123’是从广东桑（Morus atropurpurea Roxb.）资源‘塘10’与‘航诱31’的杂交后代中通过选择优良单株定向培育而成的果桑新品种。成熟桑果紫黑色，长圆筒形，平均单果质量6.8 g，风味酸甜，出汁率78.2%，可溶性固形物含量12.1%，总酸含量5.6 g • L-1，花青素含量1.2 mg • g-1。当年春季种植第2年即可挂果，桑果持续采收期30 ~ 35 d，第3年产量27 000 kg • hm-2以上。适宜在长江流域以南地区栽培。     

早熟鲜食酸枣新品种‘丽园珍珠1号’

‘丽园珍珠1号’是从‘冬枣’和酸枣混合实生苗中选育出来的优良鲜食酸枣新品种。果实圆形,平均单果质量4.1 g,脆熟期果实可溶性固形物含量28.1%,维生素C含量5.64 mg • g-1。口感酥脆,汁液多,风味酸甜。成熟期8月下旬,果实发育期80 d。抗裂果,丰产稳产性强,盛果期平均产量24 t • hm-2。     

加工用樱桃新品种‘吉林红樱桃1号’

 ‘吉林红樱桃1号’是加工用的樱桃优良新品种, 晚熟、抗寒、丰产、稳产, 果味酸中带甜,在吉林省中西部和东部无霜期120 d以上的地区可露地栽培, 4年生树产量达5 540 kg/hm² , 比对照‘毛樱桃’增产14%。     

优质大果加工型枣新品种‘沧蜜1号’

 ‘沧蜜1号’枣新品种,果实长圆形,单果平均17.2 g,果实大小整齐,果面平整光洁,果皮薄,肉质疏松,风味甜酸,可食率97.7%,8月中旬白熟,此时采摘最宜加工,9月上中旬完熟。     

The role of Pre-harvest Aminoethoxyvinylglycine (AVG) Treatments on Total Phenolics,Antioxidant Capacity and Fruit Quality Attributes of Sweet Cherry Cultivars

The present study was conducted to investigate the effects of pre-harvest aminoethoxyvinylglycine (AVG) treatments on fruit quality parameters and bioactive compounds of sweet cherry fruits (Prunus avium L. cvs. ’0900 Ziraat’, ‘Regina’ and ’Sweetheart’). Whole trees were sprayed once with an aqueous solution containing AVG (0, 100 and 200?mg L^?1) three weeks before the anticipated commercial harvest. Measurements were performed a week before anticipated harvest date, at anticipated harvest date and a week after anticipated harvest date. AVG treatments significantly maintained flesh firmness of all three sweet cherry cultivars. Harvest was delayed at least for a week through the keeping of flesh firmness with AVG treatments. The treatments slowed down the red skin color development in all three cultivars. The measurements performed over fruits collected at different ripening stages revealed that AVG resulted in decreased total phenolics and total anthocyanin and ultimately decreased antioxidant capacity in sweet cherry fruits. AVG treatments also decreased soluble solids content and increased titratable acidity of the fruits. This study revealed that pre-harvest AVG treatments were more effective in delaying sweet cherry fruit softening. The main advantage is to maintain the firmness of late-harvested fruit by retaining fruit quality attributes of sweet cherry fruit.     

不同蓝莓品种的生长特性及果实品质分析

以8个蓝莓品种为试材,对其生长特性、果实形态特征、风味品质及营养成分进行测定。结果表明:大部分品种为早熟至中熟,成熟期集中在6月上旬至7月中旬;‘薄雾’长势偏弱,其余品种长势中庸或旺盛,‘久比利’新枝生长量最大;V5平均单果重最大(为2.19 g),‘奥尼尔’‘乔治宝石’次之;V5、‘久比利’口味酸甜适中,‘乔治宝石’和‘奥尼尔’糖酸比适宜,具有独特的酸甜口感且香气浓郁;‘乔治宝石’的维生素C含量最高,‘久比利’、V5、‘奥尼尔’的总酚含量较高。初步认为,‘奥尼尔’、V5、‘乔治宝石’和‘久比利’为适宜鲜食的优良品种;V3和‘粉蓝’糖酸比高,花色素苷和总酚等抗氧化物质含量较高,适宜加工果汁、果酒等。     

华南李新品种‘云开1号’

‘云开1号’李是从广东地方品种‘三华李’芽变中选育出的新品种。果皮和果肉红色,单果质量49.4 ~ 57.2 g,可溶性固形物11.2% ~ 13.2%,可溶性总糖7.3% ~ 8.1%,总酸1.0% ~ 1.4%,5 ~ 7年生株产50 ~ 75 kg。果大,果粉厚,风味浓,成熟早,采收期长,耐热性强。适合华南南亚热带山区栽培。     

亲本品种对樱桃远缘杂交亲和性及胚抢救的影响

以3个甜樱桃品种为母本,3个中国樱桃品种为父本进行了种间远缘杂交,并对所得到的杂种成功地进行了胚抢救,探讨了不同亲本品种对大樱桃远缘杂交亲和性及其胚抢救的影响。结果表明,(1)不同杂交组合的坐果率差异显著,在同一母本的杂交组合中,均以五莲红樱桃作父本的杂交组合坐果率最高(≥4.14%);而以红灯为母本与3个父本品种杂交的平均坐果率高于那翁和先锋为母本的相同杂交组合的平均坐果率;(2)不同亲本品种的杂种胚萌发生长率与多丛芽增殖系数存在显著差异,其中在参试的3个父本品种中,以五莲红樱桃表现最好;(3)经过生根培养,已经成功地将一批杂种胚培苗移栽到大田。     

枣新品种‘延川狗头枣’

 ‘延川狗头枣’为鲜食、制干兼用中晚熟枣新品种。果实大、卵圆形或锥形，似狗头状。单果平均质量18.7 g，最大25.4 g；果肉细脆，汁液中多，味酸甜；鲜食、干制品质优良。适宜平均气温10—11l℃ 、降雨量500 mm左右的北方地区栽培。     

梨新品种‘玉香蜜’

‘玉香蜜’是由‘八月红’与‘砀山酥梨’杂交选育而成的梨新品种。果实长圆形,果形端正,平均单果质量260 g,果皮黄白色,果面光滑,果梗先端膨大,梗洼浅,萼片宿存、闭合。果肉白色,肉质细脆而稍致密,石细胞少,汁液多,甜酸,微香,可溶性固形物含量12.4%,可溶性糖7.34%,总酸0.2%,品质上等,较耐贮藏。在河南郑州地区8月下旬成熟,4年生树平均单株产量12 kg,折合34 245 kg ? hm-2。     

红花草莓新品种‘粉佳人’和‘俏佳人’

‘粉佳人’和‘俏佳人’是由草莓栽培品种‘鬼怒甘’与红花草莓品种‘粉红熊猫’杂交育成的观赏兼食用的草莓新品种。沈阳地区露地栽植时,5月初始花,单株花数30 ~ 40朵,单花花期5 ~ 7 d,群体花期可达1个月以上,6月初果实成熟。抗寒性强,抗叶斑病,适于露地栽培或盆栽观赏。‘粉佳人’花粉红色,直径2.7 ~ 3.5 cm,花瓣5 ~ 7枚。果实红色,圆锥形,酸甜,一级序果平均单果质量14.9 g,可溶性固形物含量8.4%。‘俏佳人’花深粉红色,直径3.5 ~ 3.7 cm,花瓣5 ~ 7枚。果实红色,圆锥形,甜,一级序果平均单果质量10.5 g,可溶性固形物含量9.6%。     

中熟甜樱桃新品种‘玲珑脆’

‘玲珑脆’为中熟甜樱桃新品种。果实宽肾形,黄色带红晕,平均单果质量9.5 g,最大单果质量13.5 g,可食率94.5%。果肉浅黄,脆,汁多,风味甜,可溶性固形物含量20.5%,耐贮运。果实成熟期比‘红灯’晚7 d左右。树势中庸,早果性好,抗寒性与抗逆性较强,8年生树产量达14 550 kg ? hm-2。