Observational capabilities of the new medium- and low-resolution spectrograph at the 1.6-m telescope of the Sayan Observatory

The capabilities of the new medium- and low-resolution spectrograph installed recently on the 1.6-m AZT-33IK telescope at the Sayan Observatory of the Institute of Solar–Terrestrial Physics to solve the problems of ground-based optical support for the future all-skyX-ray survey of the SRGobservatory are discussed. Results of the test observations of galaxy clusters, active galactic nuclei (AGNs) and quasars, and cataclysmic variables performed immediately after the installation of the spectrograph on the telescope are presented. The results of these observations show that the AZT-33IK telescope equipped with the new medium- and low-resolution spectrograph can provide a substantial fraction of the necessary optical observations in the program of ground-based optical support for the all-sky survey of the SRG observatory.     

ADAM low- and medium-resolution spectrograph for 1.6-m AZT-33IK telescope

We describe the design of a suspended low- and medium-resolution spectrograph (R ≈ 300–1300) designed and made at the Special Astrophysical Observatory of the Russian Academy of Sciences for the 1.6-m AZT-33IK telescope of Sayan Observatory of the Institute of Solar-Terrestrial Physics of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences. We report the results of laboratory measurements of the parameters of the instrument and tests performed on the 1-m Zeiss-1000 telescope of the Special Astrophysical Observatory of the Russian Academy of Sciences. We measured the total quantum efficiency of the “spectrograph + telescope + detector” system on AZT-33IK telescope, which at its maximum reaches 56%. Such a hight transparency of the spectrograph allows it to be used with the 1.6-m telescope to determine the types and redshifts of objects with integrated magnitudes m_AB ≈ 20–21, and this result was confirmed by actual observations.     

1米太阳望远镜光谱仪像旋转及消旋控制

光谱仪是1 m太阳望远镜的主要终端设备之一,该望远镜采用地平式的机架结构和修正的格里高利光学系统。在望远镜跟踪太阳时,由于地平式望远镜的自身运动特点和光学系统中平面反射镜的存在,其光谱仪狭缝所在平面上的太阳像随时间绕主光轴旋转,因此光谱仪必须进行消旋才能正常工作。首先深入研究了光谱仪狭缝平面上像的旋转变化,分析其旋转范围、速度和加速度随时角变化的特性,然后根据光谱仪消旋精度并结合像的旋转特性提出伺服系统位置检测和驱动电机的主要性能指标,最后给出光谱仪消旋伺服控制方案。     

Automatic guide for the Raduga astronomical spectrograph

An automatic mirror guide has been designed and made for the Raduga fiber-optic echelle spectrograph. The new device was built into one of the parts of the spectrograph and allows the work of observers to be facilitated significantly. The automatic guide efficiently removes stellar image oscillations at frequencies of 0–2 Hz, which compensates almost completely for errors in setting the polar axis of a telescope and in its clockwork drive. The guide can be used on any telescope with a focal length of more than 5 m and has operated on two different telescopes. Over two observing seasons, several hundred stellar spectra were taken with the Raduga spectrograph using the automatic guide.     

Aspects of the zero level problem of solar magnetographs

The zero level problem of solar magnetographs is particularly important for observations of large-scale magnetic fields on the Sun. Experiments conducted at the STOP telescope of the Sayan observatory show that, in addition to adjustment errors of the polarization analyzer and the spectrograph focusing, spurious signals of the magnetograph are caused by polarization effects in optical components preceding the polarization analyzer and aberration errors of the spectrograph.     

Investigating the efficiency of the Beijing Faint Object Spectrograph and Camera(BFOSC) of the Xinglong 2.16-m reflector

The Beijing Faint Object Spectrograph and Camera(BFOSC) is one of the most important instruments operating in conjunction with the 2.16-m telescope at Xinglong Observatory. Every year there are~20 SCI-papers published based on observational data acquired with this telescope. In this work,we have systemically measured the total efficiency of the BFOSC that operates as part of the 2.16-m reflector, based on observations of two ESO flux standard stars. We have obtained the total efficiencies of the BFOSC instrument of different grisms with various slit widths in almost all ranges, and analyzed factors which effect the efficiency of this telescope and spectrograph. For astronomical observers, the result will be useful for them to select a suitable slit width, depending on their scientific goals and weather conditions during observations. For technicians, the result will help them to systemically identify the real efficiency of the telescope and spectrograph, and to further improve the total efficiency and observing capacity of the telescope technically.     

A new type optical fiber T.V. adaptor-link between telescope and spectrography

A new type of optical fiber T.V. adaptor-link device is developed to bring a star image at the focus of a Schmidt telescope to the slit of a spectrograph located at the observing floor, as well as part of the field, to a T.V. monitor for acquisition and guiding purposes. The device is constructed by 60 000 thin glass fibers (18 micron in diameter and 1.2 m in length) used as the adaptor, and a single long (20 m) thicker (25 micron core diameter) fused silica fiber used as the link between the telescope and the spectrograph. The 60 000 thin fibers are arranged in a 4 by 5 mm rectangular array with the link built in the center of the field. With the adaptor-link the astronomer can easily acquire the star on the T.V. monitor, transfer the star image through the link to the slit of the spectrograph and guide the star during observation.     

30m级光学/红外望远镜的宽视场多目标光谱仪

宽视场多目标光谱仪具有宽波段、多分辨率模式和高通光效率的特点,是极大望远镜终端仪器使用率最高的通用型仪器. 30 m级望远镜的宽视场多目标光谱仪因体量和成本急剧增加而面临重要挑战,同时天文学的不断发展对天文新技术的发展提出了更高的要求,尤其是多个巡天项目对于多目标光谱后随观测的迫切需求.综述了几类宽视场多目标光谱仪的发展现状,介绍了国际3架30 m望远镜宽视场多目标光谱仪概念设计的最新进展和仪器特点,着重介绍了中国参与研制的30 m望远镜(TMT)中的宽视场多目标光谱仪的相关进展.     

Spectroscopy on Small Telescopes: The Echelle Spectrograph

In recent years there has been a trend toward the automation ofmodest sized observatories, especially those involved withphotoelectric photometry. Although undoubtedly useful, there isclearly a need for more advanced instrumentation such asspectrographs. The relatively small telescope sizes places severelimits on the choice of spectrograph configuration. A fiber-fedechelle spectrograph is arguably the most suitable design forthese applications.Presented here is a brief discussion of the design philosophy andoperating principles. Both theoretical and measured performancedata for the prototype University of Queensland EchelleSpectrograph are also presented.     

Studies of solar magnetic fields

Solar Physics - The telescope, spectrograph, and magnetograph at the 150-ft Tower Telescope are described, and a chronology of changes in the instrumentation is given. The average magnetic field...     

A moderate-resolution Nasmyth-focus spectrograph of the 6-m BTA telescope

We report on the development of a fast crossed-dispersion spectrograph (CRAB) mounted at the Nasmyth focus of the 6-m telescope. The spectrograph is designed for visible and near-infrared (3800–10 500 Å) CCD observations with the spectral resolution R=4000. We give the basic parameters of the optical scheme and the parameters of the echelle frame. We determined the gain involved in putting the spectrograph into observational practice and discuss the possible range of spectroscopic problems for which the instrument is optimal.     

The large solar vacuum telescope: The optical system, and first spectral observations

The performance of the optics of the Large Solar Vacuum Telescope (LSVT) and examples of the spectrograms taken with the spectrograph are presented. A new pneumo-mechanical support system for the siderostat mirror and monitoring system of the telescope optics is described.     

Gregor@night: The future high‐resolution stellar spectrograph for the GREGOR solar telescope

We describe the future night‐time spectrograph for the GREGOR solar telescope and present its science core projects. The spectrograph provides a 3‐pixel resolution of up to R = 87 000 in 45 échelle orders covering the wavelength range 390‐900 nm with three grating settings. An iodine cell can be used for high‐precision radial velocity work in the 500‐630 nm range. The operation of the spectrograph and the telescope will be fully automated without the presence of humans during night‐time and will be based on the successful STELLA control system. Future upgrades include a second optical camera for even higher spectral resolution, a Stokes‐V polarimeter and a link to the laser‐frequency comb at the Vacuum Tower Telescope. The night‐time core projects are a study of the angular‐momentum evolution of “The Sun in Time” and a continuation of our long‐term Doppler imaging of active stars (© 2012 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)     

Possible Flare of the Red Dwarf HU Del

The results of spectroscopic observations of the red dwarf flare star HU Del are given. The observations were made in August 2000 with the 2.6-m telescope of the Byurakan Observatory equipped with a Byu FOSC integral-field spectrograph. A rapid flare evidently occurred on HU Del.     

High-resolution fiber-fed spectrographs

We analyze the properties of high-resolution spectrographs fed from the telescope through optical fiber links. We report the results of tests performed with the fiber-fed spectrograph that we developed for 1–2 m telescopes.     

Wide Field Multi-object Spectrograph for 30 m Class Optical/Near-infrared Telescopes

Due to its wide wavelength coverage, multi-resolution mode, and high transmission efficiency, the wide field multi-object spectrograph becomes the most common-used universal instrument in extremely large telescopes. It's still a great challenge to build the wide field multi-object spectrograph for a 30 m class telescope because of its sharply increased volume and budget. With the rapid development of astronomy and astrophysics, the innovation of astronomical technology is fundamentally required. In this paper, the research progress of different kinds of wide-field multi-object spectrographs is illustrated and reviewed, the recent status of conceptual designs and the instrument features of the wide field multi-object spectrographs of the three 30 m class telescopes in the world, especially the current effort made by the Chinese team for the wide field multi-object spectrograph of the Thirty Meter Telescope (TMT) are introduced.     

Optical Spectroscopy of SRG/eROSITA Objects with 2.5-m Telescope at the Caucasus Mountain Observatory of the SAI MSU

Astronomy Letters - Based on observations with the new transient double-beam spectrograph (TDS) at the 2.5-m telescope of the Caucasus Mountain Observatory of SAI MSU, we have determined the types...     

GRIS: The GREGOR Infrared Spectrograph

This paper describes the main characteristics of GRIS (GREGOR Infrared Spectrograph), the grating spectrograph installed in the recently inaugurated (May 2012) 1.5‐meter GREGOR telescope located at the Observatorio del Teide in Tenerife. The spectrograph has a standard Czerny‐Turner configuration with parabolic collimator and camera mirrors that belong to the same conic surface. Although nothing prevents its use at visible wavelengths, the spectrograph will be initially used in combination with the infrared detector of the Tenerife Infrared Polarimeter (TIP‐II) in standard spectroscopic mode as well as for spectropolarimetric measurements (© 2012 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)     

Optical Spectroscopy of Quasars Discovered by SRG/eROSITA with a 2.5-m Telescope at the Caucasus Mountain Observatory of SAI MSU

Astronomy Letters - Based on observations with the transient double-beam spectrograph (TDS) at the 2.5-m telescope of the Caucasus Mountain Observatory of SAI MSU, we have determined the redshifts...