共查询到18条相似文献,搜索用时 359 毫秒
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《制造业自动化》2017,(7)
针对回转窑对象给出了水泥回转窑故障诊断框图。说明了水泥回转窑工艺流程和常见的水泥回转窑设备故障及原因。阐述了小波包分解方法和小波包分解的优缺点。阐述了基于小波包变换的水泥回转窑故障诊断算法,给出了基于小波包变换的轴承故障诊断流程图。对正常状态、外圈故障状态和内圈故障状态的轴承小波包变换进行分析。得到经小波包分解1~4层细节进行重构后的波形图,得到经4层小波包分解后各频带的能量分布以及重构信号的包络图。将正常状态下小波包分解后的能量频谱信号与故障状态下的进行比照,通过能量频谱信号的不同,确定正常状态和故障状态的特征信息。文中对采集到的振动信号进行小波包分解,对分解后不同频带上的信号进行功率谱计算,通过能量的改变表示某一种特征信号,再对提取到的特征信号进行Hilbert谱分析。最终,通过对特征信号的Hilbert谱分析来区分出不同的故障。 相似文献
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基于小波包能量谱齿轮振动信号的分析与故障诊断 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
小波包是继小波分析之后提出的一种新型的多尺度分析方法,解决了小波分析在高频部分分辨率差的缺点,体现了比小波分析更好的处理效果.测试了齿轮传动系统在几种不同故障类型下的振动信号,利用小波包变换的分解和重构算法,有效地提取出齿轮故障特征信号,得到试验结果.通过比较时域分析、频域分析和小波包分析对齿轮振动信号进行的特征提取,... 相似文献
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小波分析在滚动轴承故障诊断中的应用 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
滚动轴承是机械系统中非常关键的部件,它的运行好坏直接关系到整个机械系统的性能优劣,因此滚动轴承的故障诊断研究是非常具有实际意义的。本文对轴承早期损伤引起的故障信号进行了分析,通过比较频谱分析和小波分析的特点,采用小波分析技术对检测的信号进行处理,利用小波变换的分解和重构算法,对具有故障特征的信号进行重构,再通过希尔波特变换进行解调和细化频谱分析,有效地提取出噪声掩盖下的滚动轴承故障特征信号,从而实现对滚动轴承的故障诊断。 相似文献
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研究了旋转机械转静件早期碰摩故障信号的检测问题。根据小波包分解能在所有频率范围聚焦、对信号奇异性非常敏感的特性,对比分析了不碰摩和早期碰摩振动信号的特征,得出应用小波包分解和信号重构的方法不仅可对早期碰摩进行准确诊断,还可确定碰摩的位置的结论,证明了该方法对碰摩故障进行诊断的可行性和有效性。 相似文献
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基于提升模式的非抽样小波变换及其在故障诊断中的应用 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
由于传统离散小波变换在分解信号时采用抽样操作,使原始信号的部分时域特征不能保留在分解结果中;另外,分解结果的平移可变,使得分解结果不能完美地描述故障的时域特征。为了克服上述缺陷,根据非抽样小波变换的原理,提出一种基于提升模式的非抽样小波变换框架。首先,通过信号变换方法去除提升小波变换的剖分环节,得到提升模式下的非抽样小波变换框架;在此基础上,建立提升模式下非抽样小波变换与抽样小波变换的预测器和更新器之间的转换关系,提出非抽样提升小波变换的分解和重构算法。采用这种非抽样小波变换从齿轮箱的振动信号中有效提取幅值调制和瞬态冲击的摩擦故障特征。 相似文献
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结点阈值小波包变换语音增强新算法 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
人耳频率分辨率是非线性的,而小波包算法有灵活的时频分析能力,可较好的模拟人耳基底膜的频率分析特性。本文提出了一种新的基于结点阈值的小波包变换语音增强算法。采用Bark尺度小波包对含噪语音进行分解,在语音信号的子带层次上进行阈值操作,并采用软阈值方法进行阈值处理。采用谱熵法估计结点噪声。实验表明,该算法在多种噪声,尤其是有色噪声和非平稳噪声条件下均有较好的语音增强效果。 相似文献
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A Compound fault signal usually contains multiple characteristic signals and strong confusion noise, which makes it difficult to separate week fault signals from them through conventional ways, such as FFT-based envelope detection, wavelet transform or empirical mode decomposition individually. In order to realize single channel compound fault diagnosis of bearings and improve the diagnosis accuracy, an improved CICA algorithm named constrained independent component analysis based on the energy method (E-CICA) is proposed. With the approach, the single channel vibration signal is firstly decomposed into several wavelet coefficients by discrete wavelet transform(DWT) method for the purpose of obtaining multichannel signals. Then the envelope signals of the reconstructed wavelet coefficients are selected as the input of E-CICA algorithm, which fulfills the requirements that the number of sensors is greater than or equal to that of the source signals and makes it more suitable to be processed by CICA strategy. The frequency energy ratio(ER) of each wavelet reconstructed signal to the total energy of the given synchronous signal is calculated, and then the synchronous signal with maximum ER value is set as the reference signal accordingly. By this way, the reference signal contains a priori knowledge of fault source signal and the influence on fault signal extraction accuracy which is caused by the initial phase angle and the duty ratio of the reference signal in the traditional CICA algorithm is avoided. Experimental results show that E-CICA algorithm can effectively separate out the outer-race defect and the rollers defect from the single channel compound fault and fulfill the needs of compound fault diagnosis of rolling bearings, and the running time is 0.12% of that of the traditional CICA algorithm and the extraction accuracy is 1.4 times of that of CICA as well. The proposed research provides a new method to separate single channel compound fault signals. 相似文献
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针对双树复小波变换存在频率混叠以及参数需自定义的缺陷,提出自适应改进双树复小波变换的齿轮箱故障诊断方法。首先,利用双树复小波变换将信号进行分解和单支重构,采用粒子群算法将分解后分量峭度值作为适应度函数,选择双树复小波的最优分解层数;其次,对重构出的低频信号进行频谱分析提取故障特征,将单支重构后的各高频分量进行变分模态分解,通过峭度值获得各高频分量经变分模态分解后的主频率分量信号;最后,分析各主频率分量信号的频谱,识别齿轮箱的故障特征。结果表明,该方法与双树复小波变换和变分模态分解相比,不仅消除了频率混叠现象,提高了信噪比和频带选择的正确性,而且还提高了从强噪声环境中提取瞬态冲击特征的能力。 相似文献
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新的基于小波变换的振动信号消噪方法 总被引:14,自引:0,他引:14
噪声消除是小波变换最成功的应用之一,其基本思想是将信号的小波变换系数与给定的门限比较,保留比门限大的系数,而将其他的置零,然后进行小波重构。这种小波变换消噪方法很可能将信号中一些有用的小能量分量当成噪声消除。根据旋转机械振动信号的循环平稳性特征,提出了一种新的基于小波变换的振动信号消噪方法,并用数字试验信号和碰摩试验振动信号对新消噪方法和Matlab提供的小波消噪方法的性能进行了比较测试。结果表明,在振动信号消噪方面,新方法相比传统的小波消噪方法有更好的性能,能够有效地抑制信号中处于各频段的噪声分量。 相似文献
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《Mechanical Systems and Signal Processing》2007,21(4):1773-1786
Continuous wavelet transform (CWT) is a kind of time–frequency analysis method commonly used in machine fault diagnosis. Unlike Fourier transform, the wavelet in CWT can be selected flexibly. In engineering application, there is a problem of how to select a suitable wavelet. At present, the selecting method mainly depends on the waveform similarity between the signal required to extract and the wavelet. This method is imperfect. For example, Haar wavelet possesses the rectangular waveform in its supporting field and dissimilarity to any component in the machine signal. It is rarely used in machine diagnosis. However, the time–frequency periodicity of Haar wavelet continuous wavelet transform (HCWT) should be useful in revealing the features in signals. In addition, Haar wavelets under different scales have good low-pass filter characteristic in frequency domain, particularly under larger scales, and that can allow HCWT to detect the lower frequency signal. These merits are presented in this paper and applied to diagnose three types of machine faults. Furthermore, in order to verify the effect of Haar wavelet, the diagnosis information obtained by HCWT is compared with that by Morlet wavelet continuous wavelet transform (MCWT), which is popular in machine diagnosis. The results demonstrate that Haar wavelet is also a feasible wavelet in machine fault diagnosis and HCWT can provide abundant graphic features for diagnosis than MCWT. 相似文献