氨基酸生产技术讲座

五、L-天冬氨酸发酵L-天冬氨酸为酸性氨基酸。虽然发现很早但其应用很晚,直到1958年Laborit等进行了生理学及临床研究之后。L-天冬氨酸才用为药品而受到重视。现在,L-天冬氨酸除广泛用作钾、钙等无机离子的补充、疲劳回复剂、氨解毒剂、氨基酸输液等药品外,还用作食品添加剂或临床诊断药品。最近,人们发现L-天冬氨酸和L-苯丙氨酸的二肽甲酯(Aspartame)较砂糖甜200倍,可用作低能量甜味剂,L-天冬氨酸的需要量因此大增。L-天冬氨酸的工业生产,主要是以廉价的富     

L-天冬氨酸的提取工艺优化

利用产L-天冬氨酸酶的大肠杆菌HY-05,通过游离细胞法转化合成L-天冬氨酸,以硫酸萃取法从发酵液中提取L-天冬氨酸。为解决工艺中富马酸包结问题,通过单因素试验对脱色条件和结晶过程进行了优化,并在此基础上,选取结晶温度、硫酸滴加速度、冷却时间3个因素为响应变量,以L-天冬氨酸含量为响应值,利用Box-Behnken试验设计响应面试验。结果表明,最佳脱色条件为脱色温度60 ℃,活性炭添加量0.15%;最佳硫酸酸化工艺条件为结晶温度91 ℃,硫酸滴加速度23 mL/h,冷却时间12 min。在此优化条件下,L-天冬氨酸含量为98.22%,较优化前提高了7.42%。     

HPLC-ELSD检测发酵液中L-天冬氨酸含量

采用高效液相色谱-蒸发光散射检测器(HPLC-ELSD)定量测定发酵液中L-天冬氨酸(Asp)的含量,结果表明,L-天冬氨酸浓度在0.8000～3.200 g/L时,其峰面积(Y)与相应的浓度(X)呈线性关系,线性方程为Y=2.8466X-0.138,相关系数R2为0.9995.L-天冬氨酸的平均回收率为99.70%～101.3%.相对标准偏差为0.5601%～2.085%.该方法精密度、准确度好、稳定性高,能简便、快速、准确地测定发酵液中L-天冬氨酸的含量.     

聚天冬氨酸的开发与应用进展

全文介绍了聚天冬氨酸的性能,生产的主要技术路线与最佳的操作条件及有关进展情况.对现工业化运行的主要天冬氨酸生产工艺的技术特点进行了具体的分析和总结,阐述了国内外研究开发的现状与发展趋势.并探讨了扩大应用范围等前景与市场需求.     

L-苹果酸对苹果酸天冬氨酸穿梭转运蛋白及酶基因表达的作用研究

采用半定量RT-PCR方法,对小鼠给予L-苹果酸后肝线粒体苹果酸天冬氨酸穿梭相关的两种线粒体酶:线粒体天冬氨酸氨基转移酶(mitochondrialaspartateaminotransferase,mAST)及线粒体苹果酸脱氢酶(mitochondrialmalatedehydrogenase,mMDH)及线粒体内膜上的天冬氨酸谷氨酸转运蛋白(AGC)与α-酮戊二酸苹果酸转运蛋白(OMC)的基因表达进行检测,探讨了L-苹果酸对肝线粒体苹果酸天冬氨酸穿梭的关键酶及转运蛋白mRNA表达规律。半定量RT-PCR结果表明:剂量组小鼠肝线粒体转运蛋白AGCmRNA的表达显著高于空白对照组,而mAST、mMDH及转运蛋白OMCmRNA的表达无显著性差异。由此可知,L-苹果酸能促进TCA循环及苹果酸天冬氨酸穿梭,其分子生物学机理与L-苹果酸提高AGC的基因表达水平有关。     

氨基酸生产技术讲座

四、L-异亮氨酸、L-缬氨酸、L-亮氨酸发酵L-异亮氨酸、L-缬氨酸、L-亮氨酸(以下L-省略)统称为分支链氨基酸,均为必需氨基酸。对于生物体来说,它们不但作为蛋白质合成的素材物质,而且是重要的能量来源或生物体成分的前体物质。因此,分支链氨基酸主要用作氨基酸输液。从生物合成的前体来看,缬氨酸和亮氨酸的碳原子都来自丙酮酸,属于丙酮酸族,而异亮氨酸6个碳原子中的4个来自天冬氨酸,故为天冬氨酸族     

中间代谢产物对白色链霉菌ε-聚赖氨酸合成的影响

探讨白色链霉菌ε-聚赖氨酸(ε-poly-L-lysine,ε-PL)生物合成过程中,中间代谢产物柠檬酸、L-天冬氨酸和L-赖氨酸对ε-PL合成的影响。单因素实验结果表明,在摇瓶发酵开始(0 h)添加柠檬酸至终质量浓度为1.0g/L,培养到12 h分别添加终质量浓度为0.3 g/L的L-天冬氨酸和终质量浓度为1.0 g/L的L-赖氨酸,可分别提高ε-PL产量42.5%、28.7%和44.1%。正交试验显示,只有柠檬酸和L-赖氨酸对ε-PL合成影响显著(P0.05),而L-天冬氨酸影响不显著;在培养基中添加1.0 g/L的柠檬酸和L-赖氨酸ε-PL产量可提高60.1%。在破碎的无细胞体系中,只有添加L-赖氨酸可以检测到ε-PL的生成,进一步证实了L-赖氨酸是ε-PL合成的直接前体。因此,通过添加合适的中间代谢产物,可以有效提高ε-PL产量。     

太平洋牡蛎壳制备L-天冬氨酸螯合钙的工艺优化及表征

以太平洋牡蛎壳为钙源,利用电感耦合等离子体质谱测定牡蛎壳中重金属元素含量,采用不同处理方式制备L-天冬氨酸螯合钙,以螯合率和得率为衡量指标进行综合评价,选出最佳处理方式,并进一步分级操作,通过单因素试验从pH值、温度、时间、物质的量比4个方面对螯合工艺进行综合评分,利用正交试验优化制备条件,且通过能谱分析对产物进行表征研究。结果表明,在煅烧、直接过筛和球磨3种处理方式下,直接过筛的壳粉与L-天冬氨酸的螯合率显著高于煅烧和球磨处理。对过筛壳粉进一步分级发现,300～200目筛的壳粉与L-天冬氨酸的螯合率较高。根据单因素试验得到螯合钙的最佳工艺参数为pH 4.5、反应温度50℃、反应时间100 min、L-天冬氨酸与Ca2+物质的量比2∶1,此条件下的螯合率高达98.5%。通过扫描电子显微镜、比表面积表征可知,煅烧、直接过筛和球磨3种处理方式壳粉的微观形态差异较大,且比表面积逐次升高,与各自螯合率的大小相对应。螯合物能谱图结果显示钙元素成功螯合到L-天冬氨酸上。研究结果为废弃牡蛎壳的高值化利用及L-天冬氨酸螯合钙的生产工艺提供理论基础和新的思路。     

利用富马酸发酵废液培养L-天冬氨酸转化菌策略的研究

提出利用富马酸发酵废液培养天冬氨酸转化菌的新策略,着重考察发酵废液中不同碳氮源对L-天冬氨酸转化菌培养的影响。结果表明,当对富马酸发酵废液浓缩2.5～3.0倍时,此时富马酸与葡萄糖浓度达到14～16g/L,并添加浓度为2.82%的玉米干粉作为氮源时,菌体的酶活力可以达到153788U/g,转化率可以达到95%以上,从而进一步证实了利用酸发酵废液培养L-天冬氨酸转化菌策略的可行性,该策略的提出不仅为实现富马酸发酵废液的循环利用,同时也为探索更加经济有效的L-天冬氨酸的生产工艺提供了理论基础。     

L-丙氨酸的应用及生产现状概述

L-丙氨酸是一种中性非必需氨基酸，不仅可用于蛋白质的合成，在食品领域还可以用作增味剂、防腐剂、保鲜剂，在医药领域可用于药物原料，在日化领域可用于温和表面活性剂合成。目前，L-丙氨酸的生产方法主要有化学合成法、水解提取法、酶转化法以及微生物发酵法。化学合成法生产的L-丙氨酸质量较差，生产过程易造成环境污染；水解提取法生产过程较复杂，不适宜规模化和工业化生产；酶转化法需用L-天冬氨酸作为原料，成本较高。相较而言，微生物发酵法更适宜用于工业化生产。该文介绍了L-丙氨酸在食品领域、医药领域和日化领域的应用研究进展，重点阐述了微生物发酵法产L-丙氨酸的研究进展，以期为L-丙氨酸在发酵食品行业的进一步研究及开发应用提供参考。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the     

Chinese CTP Market

According to Printing and Printing Equipment Industries Association of China（PEIAC）＇s statistics to the plate manufucturer in China, in 2013, the actual offset plate production has reached 346 million square meters in China. Among them, the CTP production volume was 245 million square meters, up by 11% than that of last year; the total sales of the CTP plate was 239 million square meters, up by 13%.     

Preparatory Work of Print China 2015 is Going Smoothly

正Held at Guangdong Modern International Exhibition Center,Print China 2015 will cover 7exhibition halls,besides the original Hall No.3,4,5,6,7,the newly built F zone of Hall 3 will be used too.The total area will be140,000 square meters.Hall 3:Offset and large printing equipment,package printing equipment,post press     

INFOPRINT 2014 was Successfully Held in Dongguan

Sponsored by Printing and Printing Equipment Industries Association of China （PEIAC） and organized by Print China magazine, the Seventeenth Beijing International Printing Information Conference （INFOPRINT 2014） was successfully held on 11th Dec. 2014 at Dongguan Exhibition International Hotel.