变形及热处理后CuCr25触头材料的性能研究

本文在中频感应炉中采用大气熔铸方法制备了CuCr25合金触头材料,探讨了时效以及变形对导电率和显微硬度的影响,并测定了该合金的抗软化温度.结果表明:在950℃×1 h固溶后,经440℃时效6 h可获得较高的导电率和显微硬度;固溶后经40%,变形在440℃时效2 h后,导电率和显微硬度分别可达57%IACS和174 HV,比固溶后直接时效分别高出10%IACS和27 HV;并测得合金的抗软化温度约为55℃.     

引线框架Cu-Fe-P合金的加工工艺研究

研究了热处理与冷变形对引线框架材料Cu-Fe-P合金导电率、显微硬度、耐热性的影响。结果发现，低温时效时，极为细小的析出物在冷轧过程中可以溶入铜基体，从而他得导电率大幅度下降；同时耐热性主要依赖于固溶处理温度以及随后的时效条件。精整变形后合金性能可达：导电率48％IACS、显微硬度165HV；在450℃加热5min合金未观察到软化。     

固溶、形变和时效对Cu-0.65Cr-0.35Zr合金性能的影响

分析了固溶、形变和时效对Cu-0.65Cr-0.35Zr合金性能的影响.结果表明,经固溶处理后施加冷变形,再进行时效处理可获得较高的导电率和硬度.合金经1000℃保温lh水淬,60％的冷变形,500℃时效4～6h,导电率大于75％IACS,硬度大于147 HB;经1000℃保温1h水淬,60％的冷变形,500℃时效2h,导电率72％IACS,硬度163HB,抗拉强度532MPa,断裂伸长率9.2％,当变形量为80％时,其抗拉强度可达585MPa,断裂伸长率16.3％.经该工艺处理后,合金可具有500℃的抗高温软化能力.     

Cu-2.3Ni-0.5Si-0.22Zn-0.06Mg合金时效性能

研究了冷变形、时效温度以及时效时间对Cu-2.3Ni-0.5Si-0.22Zn-0.06Mg合金显微硬度和导电率的影响,并在显微镜下观察了微观组织.结果表明,时效和冷变形可以显著提高合金的显微硬度和导电率,通过改变时效温度和形变可以大大缩短时效时间.该热轧态的合金不经过固溶处理,当预变形达到80％时,在500℃时效lh,其显微硬度和导电率分别达到287 HV和43％ IACS.     

时效处理对7022铝合金学性生能和导电率的影响

采用光学显微镜、洛氏硬度仪、万能材料试验机和导电率测试仪等研究了时效处理对7022铝合金力学性能和导电率的影响.结果 表明:经过470℃固溶处理420 min后的合金的显微硬度为71.3 HRB,导电率为28.0％IACS,抗拉强度为525.5 MPa,伸长率为11.25％;时效处理过程中,合金的显微硬度、抗拉强度和导电率随着时效时间的增加呈现先升高后降低的变化趋势,而伸长率则与它们呈相反的变化趋势.150℃时效14 h后合金的硬度和导电率分别为89.5 HRB和31.2 ％IACS,110℃时效10h后抗拉强度达到峰值,为607.85MPa.综合考虑7022合金的导电率与力学性能,其最佳热处理制度为470℃固溶420 min+ 150℃时效14 h,此时合金的硬度值为89.5 HRB,导电率为31.2 ％IACS,抗拉强度为595.73 MPa,合金力学性能和导电率的变化为时效时间和时效温度综合作用的结果.     

热处理工艺对Cu-Ag-Cr合金性能的影响

研究了不同固溶温度、时效参数和变形量对Cu-0.1Ag-0.61Cr合金性能的影响.结果表明合金显微硬度随固溶温度升高而降低,导电率反而升高.合金经980℃×20 min固溶后,在480℃时效1 h可获得较高的导电率和硬度.时效前对合金加以冷变形可以显著提高其显微硬度,合金经60%变形后在480℃时效30 min时,可获得良好的综合性能.     

热处理工艺对Cu-Cr-Zr合金组织及性能的影响

为了研究固溶时效处理工艺对Cu-0．37Cr-0．18Zr合金的显微组织和导电率的影响,在固溶温度920-1000℃和固溶时间0．5～2．5h,时效温度450～500℃和时效时间13～20h条件下,通过扫描电镜观察固溶时效后合金的微观组织和析出相的形态,并测得相应条件下的导电率数值。确定了较好的固溶时效工艺,在980℃固溶2h,450℃时效20h,合金抗拉强度可以达到440MPa,导电率可以达到80％IACS。     

Cu-Cr-Zr-Ce-Y合金时效析出特性和受电磨损行为研究

对Cu-Cr-Zr—Ce—Y合金时效析出特性、受电滑动磨损形貌及电磨损机理进行研究。结果表明：Cu-0．34Cr-0．06Zr-0．03Ce-0．03Y合金在950℃固溶1h后,在480℃时效处理能获得较高的显微硬度和导电率。时效前冷变形能大大加快析出相的析出,析出相对位错的钉扎作用强烈阻碍合金再结晶的形核和长大,使合金产生明显的时效硬化。固溶合金经60％冷变形后在480℃时效2h,其显微硬度和导电率分别高达163HV和79．78％IACS,而固溶后直接时效时仅为119HV和68．25％IACS。受电磨损时,合金的磨损量随加载电流的提高而增加,其主要磨损机制为粘着磨损、磨粒磨损及电蚀磨损。     

稀土Y掺杂对Cu-Cr-Zr合金时效性能的影响

研究了时效参数和变形量对Cu-Cr-Zr-Y合金时效性能的影响.结果表明:Cu-0.41Cr-0.10 Zr合金在950℃×1h固溶后,在520℃时效2 h能获得较高的显微硬度和导电率;固溶后合金经60%变形后在520℃时效30 min时,硬度可达147.9 HV,导电率可达83.97%IACS,比固溶后直接时效分别高出约41HV和14%IACS.而加入稀土元素Y后,使Cu-Cr-Zr合金的显微硬度提高了约9HV,而导电率降低了约3%IACS.     

时效对Cu-0.33Cr-0.06Zr合金导电率与硬度的影响

采用固溶+冷变形（80%变形量）+不同温度和时间时效工艺制备了Cu-0.33Cr-0.06Zr合金试样,研究了时效温度以及时效时间对Cu-0.33Cr-0.06Zr合金导电率和显微硬度的影响。结果表明,固溶后冷变形加时效可以显著提高合金的导电率和显微硬度。固溶和冷变形后Cu-0.33Cr-0.06Zr合金的合理时效工艺为450 ℃下时效2 h,经此工艺处理后合金的导电率可以达到83 %IACS,硬度达到195 HV0.1。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Quantitative Analysis of the Crystallographic Orientation Relationship Between the Martensite and Austenite in Quenching–Partitioning–Tempering Steels

The orientation relationships(ORs)between the martensite and the retained austenite in low-and medium-carbon steels after quenching–partitioning–tempering process were studied in this work.The ORs in the studied steels are identified by selected-area electron diffraction(SAED)as either K–S or N–W ORs.Meanwhile,the ORs were also studied based on numerical fitting of electron backscatter diffraction data method suggested by Miyamoto.The simulated K–S and N–W ORs in the low-index directions generally do not well coincide with the experimental pole figure,which may be attributed to both the orientation spread from the ideal variant orientations and high symmetry of the low-index directions.However,the simulated results coincide well with experimental pole figures in the high-index directions{123}_(bcc).A modified method with simplicity based on Miyamoto’s work was proposed.The results indicate that the ORs determined by modified method are similar to those determined by Miyamoto’method,that is,the OR is near K–S OR for the low-carbon Q–P–T steel,and with the increase of carbon content,the OR is closer to N–W OR in medium-carbon Q–P–T steel.     

The Mirror with Patterns of Auspicious Animals and Grapes——Exquisite cast mirror and the technology of surface tin-enrichment by rubbing-in and infiltration of tin-rich powder

<正>Bronze mirrors were used by the Chinese people before the introduction of the glass mirror.Only after it was replaced by the glass mirror did the bronze mirror gradually retreat from people's lives.Different styles of bronze mirrors were made in different historical periods,particularly in the Warring States Period,the Han and Tang Dynasties,which were the three peaks of the development of bronze mirror arts in ancient China.The casting techniques were exquisite.The surface of the bronze mirror was smooth and bright enough to reflect one's image,and there were scarcely any casting defects on the mirror surface.On the back of the bronze mirror,there were rich depictions of Arts and Humanities,and the ornamentations were also     

The 9th China International Diecasting Congress & Exhibition

The 9th China International Diecasting Congress ＆ Exhibition was held on July 22-24, 2014 at Shanghai New International Expc Centre. This exhibition was the most successful over the years, with over 6890 visitors and 155 exhibitors, and the exhibition area increased by 30% from 9,500 square meters in 2012 to 12340 square meters. Die casting enterprises from a total of 24 countries and regions, including China mainland, Chinese Taiwan and Hong Kong, South Korea, Japan, Germany, India, Thailand, Malaysia, the United States, Russia, Australia, Iran, Ukraine, Brazil, Colombia, Singapore, Austria, Canada, Croatia, France, Turkey, United Kingdom, Vietnam, attended the congress and exhibition.     

Introduction of the Fluid Control Engineering Institute of Kunming University of Science and Technology

正The Fluid Control Engineering Institute of Kunming University of Science and Technology was set up in 1996.The researches of institute concentrate on electro-hydraulic(pneumatic)servo/proportional control and hydromechatronics.The Institute is committed to research and development of electro-hydraulic control of high-end technical equipment in ferrous metallurgy refining produc-     

RARE METALS Volume Contents

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Antimony Induced Crystallization of Amorphous Silicon

Antimony induced crystallization of PVD (physics vapor deposition) amorphous silicon can be observed on sapphire substrates. Very large crystalline regions up to several tens of micrometers can be formed. The Si diffraction patterns of the area of crystallization can be observed with TEM (transmission electron microscopy). Only a few and much smaller crystals of the order of 1μm were formed when the antimony layer was deposited by MBE (molecular beam epitaxy) compared with a layer formed by thermal evaporation. The use of high vacuum is essential in order to observe any Sb induced crystallization at all. In addition it is necessary to take measures to limit the evaporation of the antimony.     

A CUMULATIVE FATIGUE DAMAGE RULE UNDER THE ALTERNATIVE OF CORROSION OR CYCLIC LOADING

Fatigue damage increases with the applied loading cycles in a cumulative manner and the material deteriorates with the corrosion time. A cumulative fatigue damage rule under the alternative of corrosion or cyclic loading was proposed. The specimens of aluminum alloy LY12-CZ soaked in corrosive liquid for different times were tested under the constant amplitude cyclic loading to obtain S-N curves. The test was carried out to verify the proposed cumulative fatigue damage rule under the different combinations among corrosion time, loading level, and the cycle numbers. It was shown that the predicted residual fatigue lives showed a good agreement with the experimental results and the proposed rule was simple and can be easily adopted.