脱氧方式对焊接热影响区组织与性能的影响

通过对Al,Ti两种脱氧钢母材和焊接热影响区组织和性能的对比分析,研究了两种脱氧方式下焊接热影响区组织转变和性能特点.试验结果表明,两种钢具有相近的常规力学性能和组织结构,但在160 kJ/cm大热输入条件下,Ti脱氧钢焊接热影响区的韧性高于Al脱氧钢.在光学显微镜下,Al脱氧钢热影响区呈现上贝氏体形貌,Ti脱氧钢出现针状铁素体.通过扫描电镜观察,Ti脱氧钢热影响区的针状铁素体以夹杂物为核心形核并向四周扩展.夹杂物为含Ti氧化物及其与MnS的复合物.热影响区中可能存在多种夹杂物诱导铁素体机制.     

微合金EH40型船板钢大热输入焊接接头组织和力学性能

通过拉伸、冲击、硬度力学试验和接头微观组织分析,对EH40船板钢大热输入埋弧焊的焊接性和接头性能进行了试验分析.结果表明,以热输入为40 kJ/cm和60 kJ/cm焊接,焊接热影响区粗晶区冲击吸收功值均最低,分别为116 J和80.5 J;焊接接头的强度均高于母材,焊接热影响区均未出现焊接软化区.当焊接热输入为40 kJ/cm时,粗晶区组织主要为板条贝氏体、粒状贝氏体、少量的块状铁素体,而焊接热输入为60 kJ/cm时,板条贝氏体明显减少,块状铁素体增多,并出现少量针状铁素体.Ti,Nb合金元素的碳氮化合物第二相粒子,在大焊接热输入时,很大程度上阻止粗晶区奥氏体晶粒的长大,改善了该区域的冲击性能.     

Zr对高强度钢热影响区第二相粒子及韧性影响

研究了0.012 4%锆对低合金高强度钢焊接热影响区粗晶区第二相粒子和冲击韧性的影响.结果表明,模拟20 kJ/cm焊接线能量下无锆钢焊接热影响区粗晶区中第二相粒子为Al-Ti复合氧化物和（Ti,Nb） N析出物.而含锆钢则是Zr-Al-Ti复合氧化物及（Al,Ti,Nb） N和（Ti,Nb） N析出物.同时,定量数据分析表明含锆钢中氧化物和氮化物粒子密度更高且尺寸更加细小.这些高密度的细小的第二相粒子在焊接过程中能有效钉扎晶界移动,抑制奥氏体晶粒粗化,在焊接热影响区粗晶区中得到尺寸相对细小均匀的原奥氏体晶粒,使得含锆钢焊接热影响区粗晶区呈现韧性断裂和极好的低温冲击韧性.     

大热输入焊接高强度低合金钢热影响区的晶粒细化

研究了焊接热输入为110 kJ/cm三丝埋弧自动焊F36高强度低合金钢热影响区的晶粒细化行为;用自动图像分析仪测量了焊接热影响区诱导晶内铁素体形核夹杂物的大小、分布;用透射电镜观察了具有自细化行为晶内铁素体的形貌.结果表明,焊接热输入为110 kJ/cm三丝埋弧自动焊,焊接热输入对热影响区夹杂物的直径大小、分布几乎没有影响.E36高强度低合金钢中加入微量的Ti,能形成直径为0.2～0.8μm的MnO,TiO,SiO2,Al2O3与MnS组成的氧硫复合物.大热输入焊接时,氧硫复合物诱导热影响区的晶内铁素体形核,并促进晶内铁素体的感生形核,晶内铁素体及其感生晶内铁素体使热影响区粗晶区的晶粒细化,确保焊接热影响区粗晶区的强度与韧性不降低.     

氧化物冶金钢CGHAZ中有益夹杂物的作用

运用物理模拟技术研究了氧化物冶金钢焊接热影响粗晶区(CGHAZ)中有益夹杂物对显微组织的影响;用透射电镜观察了诱导针状铁素体形核的夹杂物,并用能谱仪分析了有益夹杂物的化学成分.结果表明,氧化物冶金钢CGHAZ的有益夹杂物为MnO,TiOx,SiO2和Al2O3的氧化物复合物,或氧化物与MnS,CuS或(Mn, Cu)S构成的氧硫复合物,有益夹杂物的直径为0.2～0.6 μm.焊接过程中,氧化物冶金钢CGHAZ的有益夹杂物诱导针状铁素体多维形核并促进感生形核,CGHAZ针状铁素体互相连锁交织,晶粒明显细小,氧化物冶金钢CGHAZ的显微组织具有自身细化的能力.     

V - N钢焊接粗晶区的组织和韧性研究

在不同焊接工艺下对V钢、V—N钢和V—Ti—N钢三种钢的焊接粗晶热影响区的组织和韧性进行了研究。利用Gleeble3500模拟粗晶区的焊接过程，将锻后试样重新加热到峰值温度1350℃后给以不同的热输入量并以相应的t8/5冷却速度进行冷却。结果表明热输入量高时容易得到粒状贝氏体和晶界上的侧板条铁素体组织。随着热输入的降低会出现大量的多边形铁素体和晶界铁素体，并且明显长大。对于含氮量较高的V—N钢来说，容易形成马氏体-奥氏体岛，这种组织降低了粗晶区的韧性。在高氮的情况下添加另一种微合金化元素Ti，钛可以提高HAZ的相变温度，使铁素体和贝氏体连续冷却转变曲线的鼻点左移，细化奥氏体晶粒，促进铁素体和贝氏体的形核，改善粗晶区的韧性。     

大线能量焊接船体钢的研究

大线能量焊接时由于高温停留时间长、相变冷却速度慢,焊接热影响区奥氏体晶粒急剧长大,得到侧板条铁素体为主的组织,韧性恶化。降低钢中的C含量及碳当量(Ceq)、细化焊接热影响区奥氏体晶粒尺寸以及改善焊接热影响区的组织是发展大线能量焊接用钢的主要技术措施。"氧化物冶金"技术利用钢中细小的氧化物,通过促进晶内针状铁素体形核明显改善焊接热影响区的组织,成为大线能量焊接用钢最有效的技术途径。实验结果表明:Ti-Mg复合处理明显细化钢中氧化物颗粒尺寸,促进了晶内针状铁素体形核,在100～200kJ/cm的大线能量焊接条件下粗晶热影响区得到针状铁素体为主的组织,-20℃冲击功达到350J。     

Zr-Ti复合脱氧对低碳高强钢大线能量焊接粗晶区韧性的影响

通过光学显微镜和电子显微镜对比分析了Zr-Ti复合脱氧和传统Al脱氧两种脱氧方式低合金高强度钢在大线能量埋弧焊条件下焊接热影响区粗晶区的组织,研究了两种脱氧方式对粗晶区低温冲击韧性的影响.结果表明:经过Zr-Ti复合脱氧处理后,低合金高强度钢中形成了许多细小弥散的Zr-Ti复合氧化物粒子,这些粒子具有高温稳定性,在焊接过程中起到了钉扎焊接热影响区粗晶区奥氏体晶界移动来抑制晶粒长大和促进针状铁素体形成,所以在较大的埋弧焊焊接线能量(51 kJ/cm)条件下改善了钢板的低温冲击韧性.     

热输入对921A钢焊接接头性能及显微组织的影响

以10 kJ/cm、15 kJ/cm、20 kJ/cm三种不同焊接热输入焊接921A低合金高强钢,研究焊接热输入对焊接接头组织及力学性能的影响。研究结果表明,随着焊接热输入的增大,焊缝中晶粒尺寸增大,针状铁素体增多;热影响区晶粒长大的趋势亦随着热输入变化明显;热影响区粗晶区在焊接热循环的作用下变化明显,其组织均由板条马氏体和贝氏体组成。在不同热输入条件下焊接热影响区出现软化现象,且随着焊接热输入的增加,焊接热影响区软化问题越突出。通过拉伸试验表明焊接热输入在10~20 kJ/cm条件下,焊接接头获得了较高的强度。     

热输入对QT900对接焊CGHAZ韧性的影响

文中采用热模拟技术、显微分析技术和断口分析等手段,研究了焊接热输入对QT900连续油管对接焊焊接热影响区粗晶区冲击韧性的影响规律及其脆化机理.结果表明,5 kJ/cm的焊接热输入下热影响区粗晶区可获得板条束细小的针状贝氏体,有利于吸收冲击能量,冲击韧性优良;随着焊接热输入从5 kJ/cm增大到10 kJ/cm,热影响区粗晶区晶粒尺寸增大,贝氏体铁素体板条变宽,并且沿着原始奥氏体晶界析出了网状的仿晶型铁素体,导致热影响区粗晶区韧性的恶化.     

MICROSTRUCTURE AND INCLUSION CHARACTERIZATION IN THE SIMULATED COARSE-GRAIN HEAT AFFECTED ZONE WITH LARGE HEAT INPUT OF A Ti-Zr-MICROALLOYED HSLA STEEL

1. IntroductionA pplication oflargeheatinputw elding techniques, w hich have been developed forlarge engineer-ing structure, e.g., big oiland gas tanks, bridge, pipe-line and architecture constructions etc. usuallycausesdeterioration ofm echanicalproperti…     

MICROSTRUCTURE AND INCLUSION CHARACTERIZATION IN THE SIMULATED COARSE-GRAIN I-IEAT AFFECTED ZONE WITH LARGE HEAT INPUT OF A Ti-Zr-MICROALLOYED HSLA STEEL

The microstructure and the characteristics of the inclusions embedded in ferrite matrix in simulated coarse-grain heat affected zone (CGHAZ) of a Ti-Zr-treated high strength low alloy (HSLA) steel have been investigated. The microstructure of the simulated CGHAZ dominantly Consisted of intragranular acicular ferrite (IAF) combining with a small amount of polygonal ferrite (PF), widmanstiitten ferrite (WF), bainite ferrite (BF), pearlite and martensite-austenite (M-A) islands. The PF, WF and BF were generally observed at the prior austenite grain boundaries and the interlocking acicular ferrite was usually found intragranularly. It was found that the inclusions were composed of Ti2O3 ZrO2, Al2O3 locating at the center of the particles and MnS lying on the surface layer of the inclusions. The intragranular complex inclusions prorooted the acicular ferrite formation and the refinement of microstructure whilst those at prior austenite grain boundaries caused PF formation on the inclusions. The simulated CGHAZ consisting of such complicated microstructure exhibited desired mechanical properties.     

In-situ microscopy study of grain refinement in the simulated heat-affected zone of high-strength low-alloy steel by TiN particle

High-strength low-alloy steels subjected to high heat input welding are susceptible to failure due to low toughness caused by grain coarsening. The effect of TiN on grain refinement in the simulated heat-affected zone (HAZ) was investigated. Because of small amount of Ti addition, abundant dispersed nanoscale TiN precipitates were formed. The TiN precipitates tended to be stable at high temperature and effectively retarded the austenite grain growth by refining the grain size during thermal cycle. Furthermore, the TiN also covered on the surface of Al–Ti complex oxide with MnS and caused low interface energy with ferrite. The acicular ferrite grains nucleated on complex inclusion in austenite grains at intermediate temperature and induced the austenite grain transform to the fine-grained mixed microstructure of acicular ferrite and bainite. The crystallographic grain size became small in the simulated HAZ due to the effective pinning effect and acicular ferrite formation.     

Toughness improvement by Cu addition in the simulated coarse-grained heat-affected zone of high-strength low-alloy steels

The effect of microstructure and Cu addition in a simulated coarse-grained heat-affected zone (CGHAZ) of a high-strength low-alloy (HSLA) steel subjected to 100?kJ?cm^?1 heat input welding was studied. It has been observed that the primary microstructure in Cu-free HSLA steels is dominated by bainite, whereas, in Cu-bearing HSLA steels, the predominant microstructure is acicular ferrite. The acicular ferrite nucleated at intragranular complex inclusions consisting of Al and Ti oxides, covered with layer of MnS and CuS. The presence of high intensity of acicular ferrite and hard impingements between acicular ferrite laths or plates has contributed to the fine-grained and interlocked microstructure. The enhanced toughness in CGHAZ of Cu-bearing HSLA steel is attributed to the fine-grained interlocked microstructure of acicular ferrite.     

Grain refinement in coarse-grained heat-affected zone of Al–Ti–Mg complex deoxidised steel

The particles and microstructure characteristics of coarse-grained heat-affected zone (CGHAZ) in Al–Ti–Mg killed steels with different Al contents were investigated. The results show that inclusion in high Al steel consists of Al–Mg oxide surrounded with a layer of MnS. However, inclusion in low Al steel is Al–Ti–Mg oxide covered with a layer of MnS, effectively promoting the formation of acicular ferrite. The precipitates of both steels are (Ti, Nb)N, the finer and more dispersed inclusions and precipitates in low Al steel can effectively inhibit austenite grain growth by grain boundary pinning during the thermal cycle. The fine-grained microstructure is obtained in CGHAZ of the low Al steel due to the pinning effect of finer particles and the high density of acicular ferrite.     

In-situ observation of grain refinement in the simulated heat-affected zone of high-strength low-alloy steel by Zr-Ti combined deoxidation

The effect of Zr-Ti combined deoxidation on the grain refinement in the simulated coarse-grained heat-affected zone of a high-strength low-alloy steel was investigated by means of analytical characterization techniques such as in-situ microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and electron backscattered diffraction analysis. Owing to the Zr-Ti combined deoxidation, a large amount of fine Zr-Ti oxide particles were formed in the steel and retarded the austenite grain growth during simulated welding thermal cycle. The austenite grains were small and uniform. The Mn can diffuse spontaneously from austenite to Zr-Ti oxide inclusion and MnS precipitated on ZrO₂, which can form Mn depleted zone in the vicinity of inclusion. The acicular ferrite grains nucleated on intragranular Zr-Ti oxide inclusions in austenite grains grew in different directions and effectively divided the austenite grain into several finer and separate regions at intermediate temperature. The crystallographic grain size became small in the simulated coarse-grained heat-affected zone of Zr-Ti-killed steel due to the effective pinning effect by Zr-Ti oxide particles and acicular ferrite formation.     

In situ observation of the formation of intragranular acicular ferrite at non-metallic inclusions in C–Mn steel

Intragranular acicular ferrite is regarded as a most desirable microstructure feature, in view of its strength and toughness, both in weld metals and in the heat-affected zone. This paper systematically investigated the effect of Ti addition on the evolution of intragranular acicular ferrite in the heat-affected zone of C–Mn steel. We also systematically studied the effects of austenite grain size, alloy content and the characteristic of inclusions on the formation of intragranular acicular ferrite. The nucleation and growth of intragranular acicular ferrite was directly observed by laser scanning confocal microscopy. Subsequently, microscopy analysis was used to quantitatively determine and distinguish the potent and inactive inclusions with respect to the nucleation of intragranular acicular ferrite. Finally, some possible reasons are given to explain the formation of intragranular acicular ferrite in the C–Mn steel.     

含Ti微合金钢中的第二相粒子对焊接粗晶热影响区组织及韧性的影响

利用碳萃取复型技术研究了含Ti微合金钢及其模拟粗晶区 (CGHAZ)中的第二相粒子 ,并利用OM(光镜 )、TEM(透射电镜 )及系列冲击试验对含Ti微合金钢及一种成分相近的不含Ti低合金高强钢焊接粗晶区的组织及韧性进行了研究。研究结果表明 ,含Ti微合金钢中含有大量的、尺寸细小的TiN粒子 ,这些粒子非常稳定 ,在焊接热循环过程中能有效地阻止奥氏体晶粒长大 ,抑制粗大贝氏体的形成 ,促进针状铁素体析出及M -A组元的分解 ,从而显著改善低合金高强钢焊接粗晶热影响区的韧性 ,t8/5(80 0～5 0 0℃冷却时间 )越大 ,这种改善作用越明显     

Inclusions nucleating intragranular polygonal ferrite and acicular ferrite in low alloyed carbon manganese steel welds

The inclusion-assisted formation of two types of intragranular ferrite in low alloyed C-Mn steel welds, intragranular polygonal ferrite (IPF) and acicular ferrite (IAF), was investigated in relation to the inclusion characteristics (mainly size and chemistry) and the welding heat input. For this analysis, inclusions engulfed by one ferrite grain and those shared by two ferrite grains were considered as the IPF nucleants, and the rest of them (in contact with more than three ferrite grains) were considered as the IAF nucleants. All inclusions were multi-component oxides having Ti oxides as the nucleoid. The inclusion size exhibited a log-normal distribution and the average size increased as the heat input increased. Inclusions larger than ∼0.4 μm were found to be effective on IAF nucleation, and the effectiveness increased as the inclusion size increased. Accordingly, the overall IAF nucleant fraction increased as the heat input increased due to the corresponding inclusion size increase. However, the probability of the IAF nucleant in the same inclusion size range was insensitive to the heat input. There was no difference in the elemental distribution between the IAF and IPF nucleants except for Si. The Si distribution was uniform in the IPF nucleants while its content was relatively high at the inclusion periphery in the case of the IAF nucleants regardless of the heat input and the inclusion size.     

低合金高强钢大热输入焊接热影响区组织性能

利用MMS-200热力模拟试验机研究了610 MPa级低合金高强度钢不同热输入焊接热影响区粗晶区(coarse grain high affected zone,CGHAZ)的组织和性能.结果表明,随着热输入的增加,试验钢CGHAZ组织逐渐粗大,低温冲击吸收功下降,但在80～100kJ/cm的大热输入冲击下,热影响区仍...