内翻型弓形股骨对膝骨性关节炎下肢力线的影响

目的 探讨股骨弓形形态与股骨远端关节线方向的相关性。方法 纳入2018年至2019年因膝骨性关节炎在我院行初次全膝关节置换的病例共126例（187膝）,其中男39例（47膝）,女87例（140膝）,年龄为（68.1±3.7）岁（61~79岁）。术前均拍摄下肢全长片。收集术前胫股机械轴内侧角（HKA）、股骨弓形角（FBA）、股骨下段外翻角（dAMA）、股骨远端关节线外侧机械角（mLDFA）、胫骨近端关节线内侧机械角（mMPTA）以及胫股关节线夹角（JLCA）,依据FBA大小分为显著弓形组（FBA＞4°）、轻度弓形组（4°≥FBA＞2°）、非弓形组（2°≥FBA≥0°）。比较上述形态学参数的组间差异,并分析显著弓形组内各参数相关性。结果 显著弓形组内股骨弓形、股骨下段外翻、股骨侧关节线内翻以及膝内翻最显著（FBA=5.1°±0.6°,dAMA=7.0°±1.6°,mLDFA=94.5°±1.0°,HKA=171.4°±4.3°,P＜0.001）;而非弓形组内胫骨侧关节线内翻和胫股关节面内翻最显著（mMPTA=86.7°±1.6°,P＜0.05;JLCA=-4.4°±2.5°,P＜0.001）。显著弓形组内FBA与mLDFA存在较强相关性（r=0.607,P＜0.01）。结论 弓形股骨与膝骨性关节炎的股骨关节线内翻显著相关,并使下肢整体内翻增加。     

全膝关节置换术股骨远端相关解剖的研究进展

全膝关节置换术(total knee arthroplasty,TKA)能够有效的恢复膝关节生理力线、解除膝关节疼痛、恢复膝关节正常的功能,是治疗终末期膝骨性关节炎的有效的方法[1～3]。拟行TKA的患者通常伴有股骨远端解剖标志不清和形态的改变。TKA术中股骨假体的旋转力线是影响术后膝关节功能和假体使用寿命的重要因素,股骨假体旋转不良可导致术后髌骨轨迹异常、膝前区疼痛、胫股假体部件间剪切扭转应力增加和屈膝不稳定等[4-5]。因此如何精确定位股骨远端各     

影响全膝关节置换术后关节活动度的相关因素分析

目的分析全膝关节置换术后关节活动度的相关影响因素,旨在探讨如何提高术后膝关节活动范围。方法回顾性研究2008年10月~2010年10月37例全膝关节置换术。术后1年25例膝关节屈曲度>90°的患者作为对照组,12例膝关节屈曲度<90°的患者作为实验组。两组根据年龄、性别、体重指数(BMI)、手术时间、术中出血和随访时间等进行配对病例对照研究分析影响因素。结果两组患者年龄、性别、手术时间、术中出血、随访时间及术前合并症比较,差异无统计学意义。手术前后两组膝关节屈曲度比较,差异有显著统计学意义(P<0.01)。手术前后两组的胫骨倾斜度与关节力线对位不良的比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论全膝关节置换术后膝关节活动度受肥胖、下肢力线对位情况和术后主动功能锻炼等因素影响,术中术后减少以上因素影响可以提高膝关节术后活动度。     

全膝关节置换术后股骨假体前屈角对膝关节功能康复的影响

目的 观察全膝关节置换术后股骨假体前屈角对患者膝关节功能康复的影响。方法 回顾性分析自2021-08—2022-08采用全膝关节置换术治疗的70例膝骨性关节炎,根据术后患膝关节X线正侧位片股骨假体前屈角度进行分组,正常患者术后股骨假体前屈角度5°～7°,35例股骨假体前屈角正常（A组）,35例股骨假体前屈角偏大（B组）。两组术前活动情况无明显差异,术中均在规范操作下完成手术,选择相同厂家的膝关节假体系统,假体置入位置、松紧度均无异常,术后采用相同的康复训练方案。比较两组手术时间、术中出血量、膝关节功能HSS评分、疼痛VAS评分、股骨假体俯屈角、胫骨平台后倾角以及膝关节伸直与屈曲活动度。结果 70例均获得为期1个月的门诊随访,术后症状均有所改善。两组手术时间、术中出血量比较差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。A组术后1个月膝关节功能HSS评分为（84.74±4.78）分,B组为（79.89±4.43）分;A组术后1个月膝关节功能HSS评分较B组高,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。术后1个月膝关节功能HSS评分等级：A组优16例,良19例;B组优3例,良32例。A组术后1个月疼...     

全膝关节置换术后股骨远端骨折的治疗进展

人工全膝关节置换术（totalkneearthroplasty,TKA）后股骨远端骨折在临床上很少见，发病率为0.3%~2.5%[1-3]。一旦发生，处理却十分棘手。随着TKA手术数量的逐步增加，这类骨折的发生亦将增多。一、病因TKA后发生股骨髁上骨折在病理学上有很多因素,包括股骨部件前翼应力遮挡、术后血供差所致的骨塑形不完全、股骨部件覆盖股骨远端部分与股骨皮质弹性模量存在相对差别[4,5]、骨水泥或金属磨损碎屑所导致的股骨远侧部分骨溶解[6]。股骨前方骨皮质切除过多形成切迹或凹槽增加骨折的发生率，40%~52%股骨髁上骨折与股骨前部凹槽有关[3]。常见…     

两种股骨截骨角度对膝关节置换术中股骨假体冠状位对线的影响

[目的]研究两种股骨远端外翻截骨角测定方法在膝关节置换术中对股骨假体对线的影响。[方法]对本院2015年3月~2015年6月由两名主刀医师完成的连续111例共137膝全膝关节置换术进行回顾性研究。两名主刀医师术前计划时在下肢全长X线片上测量股骨远端外翻截骨角度的方法不同,并以此分为两组。第一组利用股骨远端1/3解剖轴与股骨力线轴夹角(DFMA)作为股骨远端外翻截骨角,共71膝;第二组利用股骨解剖轴与股骨力线轴夹角(FMA)进行外翻截骨,共66膝。术后测量标准下肢全长X线片中股骨力线轴与股骨假体远端内外侧髁连线之夹角并比较两组结果的差异。[结果]两组患者的年龄、BMI、术前内翻角度、术前HSS评分、术后HSS评分差异均无统计学意义(P=0.149~0.985)。DFMA组术中所使用的股骨外翻截骨角度实际为6.08°±1.57°,FMA组为4.82°±0.74°,两组截骨角度差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。DFMA组76.1%的术后股骨假体在0°±2°范围内,显著优于FMA组的51.50%,(P=0.005),并且DFMA组74.60%的术后下肢力线在0°±3°范围内,显著优于FMA组的53.00%,(P=0.008)。DFMA组术后下肢力线角度与FMA组差异无统计学意义(1.60°±2.46°vs 1.98°±3.35°,P=0.458)。[结论]内翻膝使用股骨远端1/3解剖轴与力线轴夹角作为个性化股骨外翻截骨角度,术后股骨假体冠状面位置优于使用股骨解剖轴与力线轴夹角。应用股骨解剖轴线确定股骨外翻截骨角度往往偏小,导致残留膝关节内翻畸形。     

全膝关节置换术股骨假体旋转力线研究进展

股骨假体旋转力线是影响全膝关节置换术预后的极其重要环节.以哪条轴线作为术中参照轴才能够最大程度地保证股骨假体旋转轴线对位准确,目前仍存有争议.该文就全膝关节置换术中各种股骨假体旋转定位参照轴的可靠性等作一综述.     

全膝关节置换术中下肢力线对线的研究进展

全膝关节置换术(TKA)可有效治疗终末期退行性骨关节疾病。在TKA中,精确地矫正下肢力线是重要的目标,它影响着关节稳定的维持和关节功能的恢复。该文就TKA中的下肢力线对线研究进展进行综述,分析下肢力线不同对线方法的临床效果及存在的问题,包括影像学对线(冠状位对线、矢状位对线、旋转位对线)和解剖学对线(机械对线、运动力学对线、解剖对线、功能对线),旨在为外科医师在TKA中选择不同的下肢力线对线方案提供参考。     

膝内翻畸形程度对全膝关节置换术的影响

[目的]探讨膝内翻畸形程度对全膝关节置换术（total knee arthroplasty, TKA）疗效的影响。[方法]回顾性分析2020年4月—2022年4月86例在本院行TKA的膝骨关节炎患者的临床资料。根据术前髋-膝-踝角（hip-knee-ankle angle,HKAA）,54例为轻度内翻（≤10°）,32例为中度内翻畸形（10°～20°）。分析下肢力线与临床评分的相关性。[结果]两组均顺利手术,无严重并发症,两组间围手术期指标的差异均无统计学意义（P>0.05）。随时间推移,两组术后VAS评分、WOMAC评分、膝伸-屈ROM及HSS评分均显著改善（P<0.05）。术前及术后3个月轻度组VAS、HSS、WOMAC及膝伸-屈ROM均显著优于中度组（P<0.05）。影像方面,轻度组术前股胫角（femorotibial angle, FTA）[(190.4±5.6)°vs (196.3±6.1)°, P<0.001]、胫骨近端内侧角（medial proximal tibial angle, MPTA）[(73.4±3.8)°vs (67.2±3.1)°,...     

股骨后踝偏心距对行高屈曲型假体全膝关节置换术患者功能恢复的影响

目的：探究股骨后踝偏心距(Posterior condylar offset,PCO)对于行高屈曲型假体全膝关节置换术(Total knee arthroplasty,TKA)患者功能恢复的影响。方法：回顾性分析2018年7月-2020年7月于笔者医院初次行单侧高屈曲型假体TKA患者73例一般资料,根据PCO值不同进行分组,PCO≤-3 mm组、-3 mm相似文献   

Femoral Bow Predicts Postoperative Malalignment in Revision Total Knee Arthroplasty

Diaphyseal bowing may compromise axial alignment in revision total knee arthroplasty (TKA). 277 patients undergoing revision TKA were evaluated for coronal bowing and hip–knee–ankle (HKA) axis. The mean femoral bow was 1.52° ± 0.18° varus (− 10.1° to + 8.4°). The mean tibial bow was 1.25° ± 0.13° valgus (− 5.9° to + 10°). HKA axis averaged 3.08° ± 0.35° varus preoperatively compared to 0.86° ± 0.25° varus postoperatively. Inter-rater and intra-rater reliability was high. Femoral bow greater than 4° significantly correlated with postoperative HKA axis malalignment (r = 0.402, P = 0.008). 39.7% of patients deviated 3° or greater from a neutral mechanical axis with a significant difference in femoral bow (0.94° ± 0.31°, P = 0.003). Diaphyseal bowing clearly has an important effect on postoperative limb alignment in revision TKA.     

股骨侧弓畸形对全膝关节置换术预后的影响

目的 探讨冠状位股骨侧弓畸形的存在对全膝关节置换术（total knee arthroplasty,TKA）疗效的影响。方法 回顾性分析西安交通大学附属红会医院膝关节外科2015年1月至2017年12月接受TKA手术病人142例,其中男28例,女114例;年龄为（67.3±6.7）岁（52~82岁）。根据标准负重正位X线片测量病人股骨侧弓角（femoral bowing angle,FBA）。将FBA＜177°定义为股骨侧弓畸形,根据是否存在股骨侧弓畸形将病人分别纳入股骨侧弓畸形组和直股骨组。使用美国膝关节协会评分（Knee Society score,KSS）及西安大略和麦克马斯特大学（Western Ontario and McMaster University,WOMAC）骨关节炎指数评估病人功能状态。结果 142例病人平均随访49.4个月（43~55个月）。股骨侧弓畸形组59例,直股骨组83例,且股骨侧弓畸形组女性病人比例明显高于直股骨组,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。所有病人在末次随访时的KSS评分、WOMAC评分及分量表均较术前得到明显的改善（P＜0.05）。进一步分析发现,末次随访时直股骨组与股骨侧弓畸形组病人的KSS膝总分［（78.1±6.2）分 vs. （75.1±7.8）分］、疼痛评分［（48.2±2.4）分 vs. （47.0±4.0）分］、WOMAC B部分（僵硬部分）得分［（0.4±0.7）分 vs. （0.7±1.1）分］相比,差异均有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。结论 股骨侧弓畸形多发生于女性;存在股骨侧弓畸形的骨关节炎病人行TKA术后近中期临床效果不及直股骨病人。     

Postoperative Femoral Component Rotation and Femoral Anteversion after Total Knee Arthroplasty in Patients with Distal Femoral Deformity

We asked whether total knee arthroplasty (TKA) in patients with distal femoral deformity (DFD) would change femoral component rotation (FCR) and investigated the correlation between DFD and femoral anteversion (FA). 75 patients were divided into two groups according to the preoperative posterior condylar angle (PCA); group A without DFD (PCA < 7°), group B with DFD (PCA > 7°). We evaluated the different angles on the CT scan: (1) PCA, (2) angle between the line which is perpendicular to the Whiteside's line and PCL (WLP), and (3) FA. The mean FCRs were external rotation of 0.21° + 2.75° in group A and internal rotation of 4.48° + 2.51° in group B (P = 0.001). The mean preoperative and postoperative FAs were similar in group A but were significantly different in group B (P = 0.035). DFD resulted in excessive internal rotation of the femoral component. There was a secondary decrease in FA in patients with DFD.     

Distal Femoral Arthroplasty for the Treatment of Periprosthetic Fractures After Total Knee Arthroplasty

Periprosthetic fractures after total knee arthroplasty present substantial challenge if associated with poor bone stock, fracture comminution, and loose or damaged components. Revision total knee arthroplasty with distal femoral arthroplasty is often necessary in these injuries. We reviewed 20 patients (22 knees) with a mean age of 69.5 years who underwent revision with distal femoral arthroplasty fracture. Patients were followed for an average of 58.6 months. At the latest follow-up, the mean Knee Society knee and functional score were 82.8 and 40, and the Short Form 36 mean physical functioning and mental functioning scores were 55.8 and 65.6, respectively. There were 10 postoperative complications with 5 patients requiring additional surgery. Distal femoral arthroplasty seems to be a viable option for complex periprosthetic femoral fractures after total knee arthroplasty. However, considering the relatively high rate of complications, this procedure should be reserved for patients where alternative treatments are not possible.     

Femoral Anterior Tangent Line of the Osteoarthritic Knee for Determining Rotational Alignment of the Femoral Component in Total Knee Arthroplasty

Several reference axes have been used to establish femoral rotational alignment during total knee arthroplasty. The current study examined the configuration of the anterior surface of the femur immediately proximal to the trochlea as an alternative rotational landmark. An analysis of computed tomographic images of 150 knees with osteoarthritis indicated that the configuration of the surface is mostly flat or slightly depressed, and the line tangential to the surface (femoral anterior tangent line; FAT line) was consistently determined to be 12.2° ± 3.6° internally rotated to the transepicondylar axis. This value was relatively constant and as reliable as the femoral anteroposterior axis for determining rotational alignment. In addition, the FAT line was not affected by the degree of the varus-valgus deformity of the osteoarthritic knees.     

Total Knee Arthroplasty After Failed Distal Femoral Varus Osteotomy Using Selectively Stemmed Posterior Stabilized Components

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the outcomes of patients treated with total knee arthroplasty (TKA) for progression of arthritis after distal femoral varus osteotomy. Twenty-two consecutive distal femoral varus osteotomies converted to TKA were reviewed at a mean follow-up of 5 years (range, 2-14 years). Stemmed femoral or tibial components were used in 5 knees with poor bone quality, while the remaining 17 knees were treated with unstemmed components. The mean Knee Society knee and function scores in surviving knees were 91 points (range, 67-100 points) and 64 points (range, 50-70 points) respectively at final follow-up. Two patients underwent revision arthroplasty for polyethylene wear and component loosening at 8 and 11 years after the index arthroplasty, respectively. Standard components provide satisfactory stability in TKA after distal femoral varus osteotomy after appropriate ligamentous balancing, without the need for stemmed or highly constrained components in the majority of patients.     

膝关节内翻屈曲畸形全膝关节置换的早期疗效

目的 探讨膝关节内翻屈曲挛缩畸形施行全膝关节置换(TKA)后的早期疗效.方法 回顾性分析自2007年7月～2009年5月,对膝关节内翻屈曲畸形49例(57膝)施行TKA的资料.行单膝TKA术41例,行双膝TKA 8例.术前平均膝关节内翻角、屈曲挛缩度数、膝关节HSS评分分别为(13.1±1.5)°、(18.55±0.6)°、(37.9±3.4)分.结果 患者获随访5～30个月,平均18个月.术后平均膝关节股胫角、屈曲挛缩度数分别为(174.2±1.9)°、(0.3±0.15)°.膝关节HSS评分术后为(88.3±5.1)分,与术前比较差异具有统计学意义(P＜0.05).无切口、深部感染及再翻修者.结论 人工全膝关节置换治疗膝关节屈曲挛缩畸形临床疗效较好.术中准确切骨、软组织平衡是矫正膝关节内翻屈曲挛缩畸形的关键.     

Variability in the Relationship Between the Distal Femoral Mechanical and Anatomical Axes in Patients Undergoing Primary Total Knee Arthroplasty

Currently, an intramedullary (IM) guide is often used for performing the distal femoral resection in total knee arthroplasty (TKA). However, this method assumes that in most patients, the distal femoral mechanical–anatomical angle (FMAA) is 5°. Preoperative, standing, AP hip-to-ankle radiographs were reviewed in 493 patients undergoing primary TKA, and the FMAA was digitally measured. Correlation coefficients relative to several radiographic measurements, along with demographic variables, were performed. A significant number of patients (28.6%) had an FMAA outside the range of 5° ± 2° (range 2.0°–9.6°). The only measurement demonstrating a fair/moderate correlation with the FMAA was the neck–shaft angle (r = − 0.55). Using an IM resection guide, without obtaining AP hip-to-ankle radiographs to determine each patient's true FMAA, may lead to malalignment of the femoral component.     

Functional Outcome of Total Knee Arthroplasty After Periprosthetic Distal Femoral Fracture

A prospective matched cohort study was performed to compare functional outcomes between 28 patients with periprosthetic femoral fractures and 28 with primary total knee arthroplasties (TKA). The mean follow-up was 6.7 years (range, 5–9). Radiographic osteopenia was a predisposing factor, but not notching, body mass index, or preinjury knee scores or motion. At last follow-up, the Knee Society scores, knee motion, Womac, and SF-12 were significantly lower in the fracture group, and were significantly decreased compared to the preinjury status. We found that periprosthetic distal femoral fracture after TKA worsens functional outcomes at the medium term, but arthroplasty complication and survival rates were similar in both groups.