人工全髋关节置换的围手术期护理

<正>人工髋关节置换术能切除病灶,解除疼痛,有效恢复关节活动与功能[1]。2009-01—2011-12我科共行全髋关节置换术36例,现将围手术期护理体会总结如下。     

人工全髋关节置换术的围手术期护理体会

目的探讨对人工全髋关节置换术患者实施围手术期精心护理的方法。方法回顾性分析对62例人工全髋关节置换术患者实施围手术期精心护理的临床资料。结果患者均顺利完成手术,住院时间12~38 d,平均(25.5±3.47)d。随访12~24个月,术后功能均恢复良好,未发生并发症病例。结论实施对人工全髋关节置换术患者围手术期精心护理可提高手术成功率,改善预后。     

人工髋关节置换术围手术期护理

对98例人工髋关节置换手术患者的围手术期护理进行调查、分析,结果显示,患者住院期间并未发生深静脉血栓、褥疮、伤口感染、关节脱位等并发症,术后患者疼痛均得到缓解,关节功能得到了很大的恢复.     

人工全膝关节置换围手术期护理

目的探讨人工膝关节围手术期的护理效果。方法对25例人工膝关节置换的患者进行心理、生活、功能锻炼等围手术期护理措施。结果 25例患者术后膝关节疼痛消失,功能改善明显,术后未发生并发症。结论提高围手术期护理质量,可提高全膝关节置换手术成功率,促进功能恢复。     

老年尿毒症患者行人工髋关节置换术的治疗体会

[目的]探讨老年尿毒症患者行人工髋关节置换围手术期风险因素,总结处理经验,为临床处理此类患者提供参考。[方法]2009年9月²013年7月本院收治6例老年尿毒症患者,男4例,女2例,年龄512013年7月本院收治6例老年尿毒症患者,男4例,女2例,年龄51⁶4岁[(60.5±4.89)岁],血液透析持续时间1.064岁[(60.5±4.89)岁],血液透析持续时间1.0⁶.0年[(3.0±2.35)年],血液透析周期46.0年[(3.0±2.35)年],血液透析周期4⁸次/月[(6.67±1.75)次/月],股骨颈骨折4例,粗隆间骨折1例,髋关节置换术后假体松动1例,左髋4例,右髋2例,入院至手术时间38次/月[(6.67±1.75)次/月],股骨颈骨折4例,粗隆间骨折1例,髋关节置换术后假体松动1例,左髋4例,右髋2例,入院至手术时间3¹6 d[(7.33±5.09)d],均合并一种或几种内科疾病。术前积极治疗合并症,改善贫血及纠正凝血功能异常,术前1 d均行无肝素血液透析,次日在腰硬联合麻醉下行人工髋关节置换术,其中5例选择骨水泥型人工股骨头假体,1例翻修患者选择骨水泥型全髋关节假体,术中备自体血液回收。术后留置引流,予抗炎、输血、补充白蛋白等对症支持处理,根据输液量于手术当日或次日行无肝素血液透析,术中术后严格控制液体量,定期血液透析,指导功能锻炼,2周后伤口分两次间断拆线。[结果]本组6例患者手术时间5016 d[(7.33±5.09)d],均合并一种或几种内科疾病。术前积极治疗合并症,改善贫血及纠正凝血功能异常,术前1 d均行无肝素血液透析,次日在腰硬联合麻醉下行人工髋关节置换术,其中5例选择骨水泥型人工股骨头假体,1例翻修患者选择骨水泥型全髋关节假体,术中备自体血液回收。术后留置引流,予抗炎、输血、补充白蛋白等对症支持处理,根据输液量于手术当日或次日行无肝素血液透析,术中术后严格控制液体量,定期血液透析,指导功能锻炼,2周后伤口分两次间断拆线。[结果]本组6例患者手术时间50¹90 min[(83.3±52.8)min],术中出血400190 min[(83.3±52.8)min],术中出血400⁸00 ml[(600±141)ml],自体血液回输230800 ml[(600±141)ml],自体血液回输230⁶60 ml[(378±178)ml],输入浓缩红细胞2.0660 ml[(378±178)ml],输入浓缩红细胞2.0⁵.5 U[(3.58±1.20)U],血浆1505.5 U[(3.58±1.20)U],血浆150⁵00 ml[(304±146)ml],术中、术后无感染,无深静脉血栓等并发症发生。6例患者均获随访,随访2500 ml[(304±146)ml],术中、术后无感染,无深静脉血栓等并发症发生。6例患者均获随访,随访2²5个月[(9.33±7.84)个月],术前、术后髋关节Harris评分(14.00±2.05)分、(93.22±1.20)分,优4髋,良2髋,术前、术后髋关节Harris评分有统计学意义(P<0.05)。[结论]老年尿毒症患者行人工髋关节置换术只要围手术期处理得当,手术是安全可行的,但术中操作要细致、轻柔、熟练,尽量减少手术时间及创伤,骨水泥型人工股骨头置换是该类患者手术治疗首选,术后应用抗凝药物必须权衡利弊。     

人工髋关节置换术患者的围手术期护理

目的总结人工髋关节置换术患者的围手术期的护理方法及体会。方法针对35例人工髋关节置换患者进行术前访视,术中配合及术后护理,实行科学的人性化护理措施,使手术顺利进行。结果 35例手术均顺利进行,无手术并发症及手术切口感染,患者满意。结论做好患者术前访视及手术间物品充分准备,术中精心配合及术后访视,可提高手术成功率,减少并发症,提高患者满意度。     

高龄患者人工髋关节置换围术期的康复指导

人工髋关节置换主要是解除髋关节慢性疾病的疼痛，改进髋关节的功能，调整双下肢的长度等，是一种复杂的手术。随着生活水平的不断提高，髋关节疾病患者对功能恢复的要求也越来越高，而术前术后对患者进行康复训练至关重要。虽然人工关节置换在临床获得了巨大成功，但由于行人工髋关节置换的大多是高龄患者，常伴有多种疾患，其临床护理对于手术的顺利进行和术后功能康复具有重要意义。为探讨其重要性，对30例高龄人工全髋关节置换术的病人进行了系统的康复训练，收到了满意的效果。     

人工全髋关节置换术的围手术期整体护理

目的分析人工全髋关节置换术围术期整体护理效果。方法对46例接受人工全髋关节置换术的患者围术期间实施术前心理疏导、术后疼痛干预、康复功能锻炼指导、并发症的预防与观察等整体护理措施。结果 46例患者均成功完成手术,术后仅出现1例呼吸道感染,无压疮、下肢深静血栓形成等其他并发症发生。术后住院时间7~14 d,平均8.60 d。随访6~8个月,未发生关节僵硬、髋关节脱位等并发症。末次随访患髋Harris评分显著优于术前,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论人工全髋关节置换术患者多为老年人,实施围手术期整体护理能有效减少并发症的发生,缩短住院时间,提高患者术后恢复效果和生活质量。     

人工全髋关节置换术围手术期的心理护理和康复训练指导

选取2016-12—2018-01间在平顶山市第一人民医院接受人工全髋关节置换术的56例患者,在常规护理的基础上,围术期予以心理护理及康复训练指导。56例患者手术过程顺利,术后切口均一期愈合。术后随访12～18个月,其间均未发生假体脱位和下肢深静脉血栓形成等并发症。末次随访,依据膝关节Harris评分标准,膝关节功能优良率为92.86%(52/56)。     

全髋关节置换术中保温干预对围手术期出血的影响

[目的]探讨在全髋关节置换术中,运用保温干预措施,了解对围手术期的出血量是否有影响。[方法]将2013年8月~2014年10月,在本院行非骨水泥型人工全髋关节置换术的患者,共60髋,随机分为两组,每组各30髋。体温干预组采取可控式电热保温毯、输入液加温等措施,维持患者体温在36℃以上;对照组不做特别处理。两组患者均在术后48~72 h内拔除引流管,评估两组患者手术中出血量及术后引流量情况,以及术前、术后血红蛋白含量变化及输血率。[结果]体温干预组术中出血及术后引流量均少于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。术后24 h血红蛋白水平,体温干预组高于对照组。体温干预组的输血人数及输血率明显少于对照组。[结论]保温干预措施对减少全髋关节置换术的术中出血量、术后引流量及输血率有着明显的效果。     

Clinical Outcomes in Patients with Pulmonary Hypertension Undergoing Total Hip Arthroplasty

Background

Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is regarded as a risk factor for perioperative complications in patients undergoing noncardiac surgery.

Questions/Purposes

The objective of this retrospective case–control study was to evaluate the adverse outcomes of pulmonary hypertension patients undergoing elective unilateral hip replacements.

Methods

We performed a retrospective case–control study of total hip replacement patients with pulmonary hypertension (cases) and without pulmonary hypertension (control). From the years 2003 to 2008, we identified a total of 132 patients undergoing primary total hip replacements with a diagnosis of pulmonary hypertension (right ventricular systolic pressure >35). The primary outcome assessed was the incidence of adverse events that occurred during the postoperative hospital stay. Secondary outcomes studied included length of hospital stay, mortality, and ability to reach certain physical therapy milestones.

Results

The PH group had significantly more adverse events than the control group. Nonlethal cardiac dysrhythmias comprised the most common adverse outcome among the PH group. Overall, the PH group had a morbidity rate of 34.7% while the control had a rate of 21%. The PH group had longer hospital stay (6.7 days vs. 5.9). Both groups had zero mortality during the hospital stay. The PH group had comparable rehabilitation recovery times than the control group.

Conclusion

This retrospective case–control study demonstrates that pulmonary hypertension patients undergoing total hip arthroplasty are more prone to adverse outcomes, especially cardiac dysrhythmias, and longer hospital stays.     

Total Hip Arthroplasty in Patients With Osteogenesis Imperfecta

BackgroundOsteogenesis imperfecta (OI) comprises a spectrum of disorders that result in bone fragility. This presents unique challenges when performing total joint arthroplasty in patients with OI. The purpose of this study is to determine the survivorship and clinical outcomes of total hip arthroplasty (THA) in patients with OI.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed our institution’s total joint registry from 1969 to 2018 for all primary THAs in patients with a history of OI. There were 11 patients (13 hips) with a mean follow-up of 13 years (range 6-20). Survivorship free of component revision was determined using Kaplan-Meier analysis. Patient-reported clinical outcomes were assessed using Harris Hip Scores.ResultsAt final follow-up, the status of the implant was known in all 13 hips. One patient (1 hip) was deceased. Four hips (31%) underwent revision surgery at a mean of 9 years (range 5-17). Survivorship free of component revision was 52% at 20 years. Mean Harris Hip Scores at final follow-up were fair (75, 47-97), but significantly improved compared to available preoperative scores (P = .0015). No intraoperative complications occurred during the 13 primary THAs.ConclusionTHA in patients with OI is associated with high revision rates and low survivorship at long-term follow-up. Although this is a very challenging patient population, THA provided these patients with improved functional outcomes. To the authors’ knowledge, this is the largest series of primary THA in patients with OI reported in the literature and therefore provides surgeons with important data regarding the expected outcomes following THA in this unique patient population.Level of EvidenceLevel IV.     

Contemporary Total Hip and Total Knee Arthroplasty Results in Patients with Hemochromatosis

BackgroundHemochromatosis can result in metabolic bone pathology (due to excessive iron absorption) and degenerative joint disease, leading to total joint arthroplasties. The aim of this study is to analyze the survivorship, complications, radiographic results, and clinical outcomes of patients with hemochromatosis who received either a total hip arthroplasty (THA) or a total knee arthroplasty (TKA).MethodsWe identified 34 lower extremity arthroplasties in 29 patients with hemochromatosis performed between 2000 and 2016. There were 17 primary THAs in 15 patients and 17 primary TKAs in 14 patients. Mean age at arthroplasty was 63 years with 76% being male. The mean body mass index was 28 kg/m². Mean follow-up was 5 years.ResultsThe survivorship free from any revision for THAs was 94% at 10 years. One patient was revised for aseptic loosening of the femoral stem at 6 months. In THA patients, no infections, no other complications, and no radiographic evidence of aseptic loosening were identified. Harris Hip Scores improved from a mean of 55 preoperatively to 94 postoperatively (P < .001). The survivorship free from any revision for TKAs was 100% at 10 years. Two patients (12%) developed acquired idiopathic stiffness postoperatively; no infections were identified. There was no radiographic evidence of aseptic loosening in any TKA. Knee Society Scores improved from a mean of 61 preoperatively to 94 postoperatively (P < .001).ConclusionThis study found excellent survivorship, significant improvements in clinical outcomes, and a very low complication profile for both THA and TKA in patients with hemochromatosis.     

A Systematic Review of Modern Metal-on-Metal Total Hip Resurfacing vs Standard Total Hip Arthroplasty in Active Young Patients

This systematic review compared 2 treatments for hip disease in active young patients: modern metal-on-metal total hip resurfacing and standard total hip arthroplasty. We conducted a literature search to identify relevant randomized and clinical controlled trials and included 968 patients from 4 trials in our analysis. Our results indicated increased rates of revision, femoral neck fractures, and component loosening among patients who received modern metal-on-metal hip resurfacing. No significant differences in the rates of mortality, dislocation, or deep hip joint infection were found between treatment groups. Hip function scores were similar between the 2 groups, but the resurfacing group showed higher activity levels. These results have provided insufficient evidence to determine whether modern metal-on-metal total hip resurfacing offers clinical advantages over standard total hip arthroplasty.     

Causes of Revision in Young Patients Undergoing Total Hip Arthroplasty

BackgroundThe purpose of this study was to identify reasons for revision of total hip arthroplasty (THA) in patients who underwent primary THA at or before the age of 35 years. We hypothesized that the reasons for revision in younger patients would be different from the general older population of patients undergoing THA because of the differences in diagnoses, complexity of deformities, and differences in activity level.MethodsData for 108 hips in 82 patients who underwent primary THA at our institution before the age of 35 years from 1982-2007 and subsequently underwent revision THA were reviewed. Operative reports and clinic notes were reviewed to determine baseline characteristics, reason for revision, timing of revision, and components revised.ResultsThe mean age at index surgery was 25.4 years, and mean time from index to revision surgery was 10.1 years. The most common preoperative diagnoses included avascular necrosis, juvenile idiopathic arthritis, developmental dysplasia of the hip, and posttraumatic arthritis. The most common reasons for revision were acetabular loosening (30.1%), femoral loosening (23.7%), and polyethylene wear (24.7%). 8.3% of patients underwent primary THA with highly cross-linked polyethylene, while the remainder of the patients underwent THA when conventional polyethylene was used. There was no statistically significant association between which component(s) were revised and initial fixation (ie cemented or uncemented prosthesis) (P = .26).ConclusionCauses of revision in this population appear to differ from the general THA population. In young patients, acetabular loosening, femur loosening, and polyethylene wear were the most common causes of revision. Instability and infection were less common compared with literature reports of causes of revision in older patients. Findings in this study may be useful in counseling young patients undergoing THA, though results were likely influenced by the use of conventional rather than highly cross-linked polyethylene in this cohort.     

Alcohol Withdrawal Is Associated With Worse Outcomes in Patients Undergoing Primary Total Knee or Total Hip Arthroplasty

BackgroundAlcohol withdrawal (AW) syndrome is an independent risk factor for postoperative complications. This study aims to evaluate the influence of AW on perioperative outcomes in patients who underwent primary total knee (TKA) or total hip arthroplasty (THA).MethodsWe used the National Inpatient Sample database to identify patients undergoing TKA/THA from 2003 to 2014. The primary exposure of interest was AW. Multivariable adjusted models were used to evaluate the association of AW with in-hospital medical complications, surgical complications, mortality, cost, and length of stay (LOS) in patients undergoing TKA/THA.ResultsThere were 2,971,539 adult hospitalizations for THAs and 6,367,713 hospitalizations for TKAs included in the present study, among which 0.14% of AW for THA patients and 0.10% of AW for TKA patients. Multivariable adjustment analysis suggested that AW was associated with an increased risk of medical complications (odds ratio [OR] 2.08, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.79-2.42, P < .0001), surgical complications (OR 1.75, 95% CI 1.51-2.03, P < .0001), and had 4.79 times increase of in-hospital mortality, 26% increase of total cost, and 53% increase of LOS in THA procedures. For TKA procedures, AW was also associated with increased risk of medical complications (OR 3.14, 95% CI 2.78-3.56, P < .0001), surgical complications (OR 2.07, 95% CI 1.82-2.34, P < .0001) and 4.24 times increase of in-hospital mortality, 29% increase of total cost, and 58% increase of LOS after multivariable adjustment.ConclusionAW is associated with increased risk of in-hospital mortality, medical and surgical complications. Proactive surveillance and management of AW may be important in improving outcomes in patients who underwent THA and TKA procedure.     

Primary and Revision Total Hip Arthroplasty in Patients With Pulmonary Hypertension: High Perioperative Mortality and Medical Complications

BackgroundPerioperative medical management during total hip arthroplasty (THA) is continuously improving, allowing an increasing number of medically complex patients to undergo total joint arthroplasty. This study examined mortalities, medical complications, implant survivorships, and clinical outcomes of THA in patients who have pulmonary hypertension (HTN).MethodsWe identified 638 patients who had pulmonary HTN and underwent 508 primary THAs and 191 revision THAs from 2000 to 2016 at a tertiary care center. Patients were followed up at regular intervals until death, revision surgery, or last clinical follow-up. Perioperative medical complications were individually reviewed. The risk of death was examined by calculating standardized mortality ratios and Cox proportional hazards regression models. Cumulative incidence analyses were used for reporting mortality, reoperation, and revision with death as a competing risk.ResultsThe 90-day mortality was 1.8% and 3.1% for primary and revision THAs, respectively. The risk of death was approximately two-fold higher compared to primary (hazard ratio 2.69) and revision (hazard ratio 2.04) THA patients who did not have pulmonary HTN. Rate of medical complications within 90 days from surgery were 6.2% and 13.1% in primary and revision THAs, respectively. The 10-year cumulative incidence of any revision was 9% and 14% following primaries and revisions, respectively.ConclusionPatients who had pulmonary HTN undergoing primary and revision THAs had an increased risk of death and experienced a high rate of medical complications within 90 days of surgery. Counseling of risks, medical optimization, and referral to medical centers expert at managing complex medical problems should be considered.Level of EvidenceLevel IV.     

Underweight Patients are at Increased Risk for Complications following Total Hip Arthroplasty

BackgroundGiven the prevalence of obesity in the United States, much of the adult reconstruction literature focuses on the effects of obesity and morbid obesity. However, there is little published data on the effect of being underweight on postoperative outcomes. This study aimed to examine the risk of low body mass index (BMI) on complications after total hip arthroplasty (THA).MethodsA large national database was queried between 2010 and 2020 to identify patients who had THAs. Using International Classification of Disease codes, patients were grouped into the following BMI categories: morbid obesity (BMI>40), obesity (BMI 30 to 40), normal BMI (BMI 20 to 30), and underweight (BMI<20). There were 58,151 patients identified, including 2,484 (4.27%) underweight patients, 34,710 (59.69%) obese patients, and 20,957 (36.04%) morbidly obese patients. Control groups were created for each study group, matching for age, sex, and a comorbidity index. Complications that occurred within 1 year postoperatively were isolated. Subanalyses were performed to compare complications between underweight and obese patients. Statistical analyses were performed using Pearson Chi-squares.ResultsCompared to their matched control group, underweight patients showed increased odds of THA revision (Odds Ratio (OR) = 1.32, P = .04), sepsis (OR = 1.51, P = .01), and periprosthetic fractures (OR = 1.63, P = .01). When directly comparing underweight and obese patients (BMI 30 and above), underweight patients had higher odds of aseptic loosening (OR = 1.62, P = .03), sepsis (OR = 1.34, P = .03), dislocation (OR = 1.84, P < .001), and periprosthetic fracture (OR = 1.46, P = .01).ConclusionMorbidly obese patients experience the highest odds of complications, although underweight patients also had elevated odds for several complications. Underweight patients are an under-recognized and understudied high risk arthroplasty cohort and further research is needed.     

Stair Ascending and Descending in Hip Resurfacing and Large Head Total Hip Arthroplasty Patients

Large head total hip arthroplasty (THA) and hip resurfacing arthroplasty (HRA) are alternatives to standard THA that generally have head sizes larger than 36 mm. This study examined 20 patients (10 large head THA and 10 HRA), at an average of 18 months postoperatively, and 15 healthy control subjects during stair negotiation. Hip kinetic and kinematic variables and ground reaction forces were measured. The THA and HRA groups ascended the stairs with increased peak hip flexion angles and decreased hip extension angles as compared with controls. The operative groups also descended the stairs with decreased hip flexion moments. No differences between the operative groups were observed. Eighteen months postoperatively, patients with large head THA or HRA display abnormal flexion and extension during a physically-demanding task.     

强直性脊柱炎行全髋置换术的手术策略

目的随访全髋置换术(THA)治疗强直性脊柱炎(AS)的中期结果,探讨该病行THA的策略。方法46例(52髋)AS患者行THA治疗,术后随访1.1～6.6年,比较手术前后关节疼痛、活动度和Harris评分,分析对不同身体条件患者行不同类型THA策略。结果获得随访40例(46髋),42髋疼痛明显缓解,关节活动度由术前平均34.7°改善为术后79.7°。髋关节屈曲畸形由术前平均28.5°改善为6.8°。术前Harris评分平均47.2分,术后平均87分。结论THA治疗AS可获得满意的效果,但术前的个体化分析、选择不同的手术策略和假体对手术效果至关重要。