Application-aware protection in DWDM optical networks

Fast recovery time and reduced resource utilization are the two main criteria for determining the quality of survivability mechanism. Now, it is well known that link-based protection and path-based protection provide, respectively, a short recovery time and reduced use of resources. To benefit from the both of these saliencies, we propose in this paper to use these mechanisms simultaneously. Indeed, demands mandating shorter recovery time will be protected using link-based protection. Meanwhile, other demands (e.g., no-critical) will be protected using path-based protection. Simulation results show that the proposed solution achieves a good trade-off between resource utilization and recovery time.     

Routing pre-configuration for fast and scalable path restoration in DWDM networks

In high-speed WDM optical networks, failure recovery is a critical issue as a single element failure in the network will result in the interruption of multiple services. Distributed path restoration is preferable for its high flexibility and efficient resource utilization. However, with the development and maturity of Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing (DWDM) technology, the resource contention problem arises when simultaneously restoring a large amount of services initiated from many uncoordinated source nodes. This will degrade network performance and result in long service recovery latency. In this paper, we present the Routing Pre-Configuration (RPC) scheme for fast and scalable path restoration in DWDM networks, where pre-failure configuration and post-failure signaling are demonstrated. We compare it with the previous contention resolution approaches and the simulation results prove its improvement in restoration blocking probability and average restoration time.     

QoS-constraint multicast restoration with 2-tuple domination core nodes selection in DWDM mesh networks

Internet Service Providers (ISP) need to support Quality-of-Service (QoS) constrains in Internet multicast applications which are often delay-sensitive and demanding on network resources. This paper proposes a QoS-constraint multicast restoration scheme in WDM mesh networks based on 2-tuple domination core node selection algorithm which minimization of total network resources in “hop-count” as metric while meeting the “delay-constraint” as a second metric. The primary aim of this work is to provide fast inter- and intra-domain routings and steady local survivability with QoS-constraints based on the information obtained from the core nodes. Our simulation results show that the proposed algorithm outperforms the Dual Tree and MRLR algorithms in terms of the minimum restoration time needed for all recovery paths, blocking probability based on the minimum restoration time, instead of minimum hop count in our previous study [1], for different network topologies.     

DWDM全光网络及光纤光栅在其中的应用

介绍了DWDM网络的结构特点及以及光纤光栅在其中的一些应用。     

Routing scalability in multi-domain DWDM networks

This paper studies routing scalability in multi-domain DWDM networks. Although inter-domain provisioning has been well studied for packet/cell-switching networks, the wavelength dimension (along with wavelength conversion) poses many challenges in multi-domain DWDM settings. To address these concerns a detailed GMPLS-based hierarchical routing framework is proposed for multi-domain DWDM networks with wavelength conversion. This solution uses mesh topology abstraction schemes to hide domain-internal state. However related inter-domain routing loads can be significant here, growing by the square of the number of border nodes. To address these scalability limitations, improved inter-domain routing update strategies are also proposed and the associated performance of inter-domain lightpath RWA and signaling schemes studied.

QoS multicast routing scheme using QGA in IP/DWDM networks

This article studies multi-constraints least-cost multicast routing problem in internet protocol over dense wavelength division multiplexing （IP/DWDM） networks. To address this problem, an individual-difference-based quantum genetic algorithm （IDQGA） is proposed. This algorithm considers individual differences among chromosomes by introducing an adaptive rotation angle step determination scheme and a grouping-based quantum mutation operation. Simulations are conducted over network topologies. The results indicate that compared with other heuristic algorithms, IDQGA has better optimal performance on solving quality of service （QoS） multicast routing problem in IP/DWDM networks and is characterized by strong robustness, high success ratio and excellent capability on global searching.     

跨越不同容量设置DWDM网络的动态IP/DWDM综合路由算法研究

IP/DWDM网络的综合路由中的一个重要的研究问题就是如何对跨越不同DWDM网络的IP路由进行综合路由,特别是当两个DWDM网络的容量设置不同时。本文着重解决的就是如何对从单波长带宽大的网络进入单波长带宽小的网络传输的IP业务的综合路由问题。根据尽量鼓励对波长链路的带宽进行完全使用,以减小波长链路带宽碎片的原则,我们提出了两种解决算法:1 n 算法和 m n算法。仿真结果对两种算法的效率和性能进行了测试。     

一种ASON网络中分级服务的实现与仿真

自动交换光网络(ASON)中具有灵活多样的生存性机制,根据业务对故障恢复的可靠性要求,可以为其提供适当的保护恢复机制.文章提出了一种在ASON中实现的分级服务方案,首先以恢复时间为标准定义出不同的生存性等级,然后给出了实现该方案的功能模块及流程图,最后对该方案进行了仿真分析.     

A DWDM/SCM self-healing architecture for broad-band subscriber networks

A high-capacity dense wavelength-division multiplexing/subcarrier multiplexing (DWDM/SCM) network based on a self-healing star-bus-ring architecture (SBRA) is proposed and demonstrated. This architecture has a star subnet on the upper level to be a high-capacity infrastructure for the network, several bus subnets on the middle level to offer broad-band channels for multiwavelength signals, and many ring subnets on the lower level to serve a number of nodes. We design remote nodes and bidirectional wavelength add-drop multiplexers (WADMs) by using simple optical switches to reconfigure the network under link failure. We further employ M-quadrature amplitude modulation (M-QAM) and frequency shift-keyed (FSK) signals for downstream and upstream channels, respectively. The SBRA ensures an optical-beat-interference-free (OBI-free) and high-reliability optical network. Finally, we set up an experimental network to demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed architecture.     

从OFC2001会议看DWDM全光网中的无源器件

概述了在2001年OFC会议上出现的新型光无源器件，介绍了光无源器件的最新进展，着重分析了几种用于DWDM光网络中的最新型光无源器件的工作原理和结构。     

Virtual loops in power-equalized transparent DWDM networks

In wavelength-routed DWDM (Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing) networks, more and more DPEs (Dynamic Power Equalizers) are being implemented in optical crossconnects or add-drop multiplexers for the purpose of maintaining uniform power on working wavelengths. However, the resultant power correlation among equalized channels, when provided with appropriate link gain settings and channel routes, may form power-interactive virtual loops on which signals can experience continuous power deterioration, iteration by iteration. This paper illustrates how such virtual loops may be formed, and what can be done to avoid them by properly designing the network. We also explain the QoS (Quality of Service) threat posed by virtual loops that can be deliberately created by malicious attackers to result in a network-scale service disruption. Guidelines on improving the network robustness against such attacks are presented as well.     

一种在接入网中实现OCDMA/DWDMA的新方法

研究了光码分多址接入/密集波分复用系统应用于接入网的可行性,分析了使用电编解码器 OCDMA 系统实现码分多址的过程,对激光器谱线宽度的要求和一个 OCDMA 码组的用户使用一个 WDM 信道的可能性。由此得到当 OCDMA 和 DWDM 用现有的成熟技术在接入网中相结合,接入网的接入数量和数据容量将更容易满足要求。     

DWDM网中全光波长转换器的研究

全光波长转换器（AOWC）是未来DWDM网络中关键性器件之一，文章介绍了DWDM网中几种AOWC的实现方法、原理和进展情况，还简单介绍了波长转换器在DWDM网中的最优化放置问题。     

Transparent ultra-long-haul DWDM networks with "broadcast-and-select" OADM/OXC architecture

We describe an experimental realization of ultra-long-haul (ULH) networks with dynamically reconfigurable transparent optical add-drop multiplexers (OADMs) and optical cross-connects (OXCs). A simple new approach to dispersion management in ULH dense-wavelength-division-multiplexing (DWDM) transparent optical networks is proposed and implemented, which enables excellent transmission performance while avoiding dispersion compensation on a connection-by-connection basis. We demonstrate "broadcast-and-select" node architectures that take full advantage of this method. Our implementation of signal leveling ensures minimum variations of path-averaged power among the wavelength-division-multiplexing (WDM) channels between the dynamic gain-equalizing nodes and results in uniform nonlinear and spontaneous-emission penalties across the WDM spectrum. We achieve 80/spl times/10.7-Gb/s DWDM networking over 4160 km (52 spans/spl times/80 km each) of all-Raman-amplified symmetric dispersion-managed fiber and 13 concatenated OADMs or 320/spl times/320 wavelength-port OXCs with 320-km node spacing. The WDM channels use 50-GHz grid in C band and the simple nonreturn-to-zero (NRZ) modulation format. The measured Q values exhibit more than a 1.8-dB margin over the forward-error correction threshold for 10/sup -15/ bit-error-rate operation. We compare these results with point-to-point transmission of 80/spl times/10-Gb/s NRZ WDM signals over 4160 km without OADM/OXC and provide detailed characterization of penalties due to optical signal-to-noise-ratio degradation, filter concatenation, and crosstalk.     

光网络的保护恢复的研究

随着波分复用(WDM)技术的飞速发展,光网络的生存性要求也越来越高,文章阐述了光网络中通用的几种保护方法,给出了这几种保护方法的特点及使用范围,并且就资源利用率、造价、倒换时间、对节点的要求和对网络拓扑的要求这几方面做了比较和分析。最后得出在不同的网络,不同的生存性要求和不同的负载的情况下应采取不同的保护恢复方法。     

Image restoration of finger-vein networks based on encoder-decoder model

Finger-vein recognition is widely applied on access control system due to the high user acceptance and convince. Improving the integrity of finger-vein is helpful for increasing the finger-vein recognition accuracy. During the process of finger-vein imaging, foreign objects may be attached on fingers, which directly affects the integrity of finger-vein images. In order to effectively extract finger-vein networks, the integrity of venous networks is still not ideal after preprocessing of finger vein images. In this paper, we propose a novel deep learning based image restoration method to improve the integrity of finger-vein networks. First, a region detecting method based on adaptive threshold is presented to locate the incomplete region. Next, an encoder-decoder model is used to restore the venous networks of the finger-vein images. Then we analyze the restoration results using several different methods. Experimental results show that the proposed method is effective to restore the venous networks of the finger-vein images.     

Study on a joint multiple layer restoration scheme for IP over WDM networks

In this article we investigate the problem of a restoration scheme for IP over WDM networks. Network reliability is gaining importance with the huge volume of traffic carried by such networks. Providing survivability at the optical layer is inherently attractive, but raises many questions and challenges, given the characteristic of optical aggregated lightpath and relatively coarse traffic granularity. The emergence of MPLS and its extension, MP/spl lambda/S, opens up new possibilities for developing simple integrated protection/restoration schemes that can be coordinated at both the IP and optical layers . This article first presents an overview of existing MPLS/MP/spl lambda/S recovery mechanisms. Then we propose a joint two-layer recovery scheme for IP-centric WDM-based optical networks where the optical layer takes the recovery actions first, and subsequently the upper IP layer initiates its own recovery mechanism, if the optical layer does not restore all affected services. A simulation-based analysis shows the benefits of the proposed two-layer recovery scheme over single-layer recovery schemes. We demonstrate the advantages of finer granularity in IP layer recovery and the effectiveness in speed on the optical layer. The impact of several network parameters on recovery performance is also studied in the paper.     

IP over WDM网络联合恢复策略的研究

文章对动态自相似业务在多纤IP over WDM 网中的联合恢复问题进行了系统的研究,提出了3种联合恢复策略,算法的实现基于一种扩展的多纤分层图模型.通过大量的动态仿真实验,以业务中断率和恢复效率为性能指标,研究了上述3种恢复策略在不同自相似参数(突发度、均值和方差)中的性能,最后通过分析和比较得出联合通道恢复策略是最优的.     

智能光网备份路径恢复问题研究

提出了智能光网中的备份路径的本地恢复、全局恢复和更为合理的两阶段恢复方案,并在GMPLs控制平面内设计了若干信令协议用于实现备份路径的建立与故障通知和恢复过程。该方案充分考虑了备份路径保护,能够提高预建立备份路径保护方案的可靠性。     

DWDM光传送网中选路和波长分配

本文综述了密集波分复用（DWDM）光传送网中选路和波长分配（RAW）研究领域的最新研究成果。分析比较了固定路由和备用路由下不同RAW算法的性能,还讨论了不同情况下采用波长变换对网络性能的改善。