电沉积制备镍-铁-钨合金析氢电极的工艺研究

以紫铜片为基体电沉积制备了Ni–Fe–W合金电极。研究了镀液中不同组分的浓度和工艺条件对Ni–Fe–W合金析氢性能的影响,得到最佳镀液配方和工艺条件为:NiSO4·6H2O80g/L,FeSO4·7H2O20g/L,Na2WO4·2H2O0.020mol/L,Na3C6H5O7·2H2O 0.5 mol/L,H3BO3 0.65 mol/L,Na2SO4 0.1 mol/L,十二烷基硫酸钠0.1 g/L,pH 5~6,温度30°C,电流密度4 A/dm2,磁力搅拌800 r/min,时间30 min。在该条件下所得Ni–Fe–W合金电极表面Ni、Fe和W的原子分数为63.79%、34.35%和1.86%,具有较大的比表面积,在30%KOH溶液中的析氢催化活性较好。     

CNTs/Ni-W/CC复合电极的构筑及电解水析氢催化性能

在碳布材料(CC)表面首先电沉积W原子分数约为13％的Ni-W合金,再通过化学气相沉积(CVD)在其表面生长碳纳米管(CNTs),构筑出一种自支撑CNTs/Ni-W/CC复合电极.电化学测试表明:该复合电极在1 mol/L NaOH水溶液中表现出良好的电解水析氢(HER)催化性能.在不同温度下保温2 h所获样品中,90...     

镍钨合金电沉积及其析氢电催化性能的研究

本文研究以钛或铁为基体的Ni-W合金电镀。阴极极化曲线表明，以前为基本的Ni-W合金镀层为阴极，电解300g／L NaCl(25℃)，3．0A／dm2能降低析氢过电势420mV，电解1mol／L MnSO4 0．5mol／L H2SO4能降低810mV。说明Ni-W镀层是析氢的优良电催化阴极。     

复合电沉积制备镍-石墨烯电极及其电催化析氢性能研究

以紫铜为基体,电沉积制备了镍还原氧化石墨烯(Ni-RGO)复合电极,研究了石墨烯质量浓度、电流密度、pH、温度和时间对Ni RGO复合电极的电催化析氢性能。得到最佳配方和工艺条件为:Ni(NH2SO3)2·4H2O 350 g/L,NiCl2·6H2O 10 g/L,C6H8O7·H2O 5 g/L,H3BO320 g/L,十二烷基苯磺酸钠0.12 g/L,RGO 0.16 g/L,pH 3.5,温度40°C,电流密度5 A/dm^2,时间10 min。该条件下所得Ni-RGO复合电极的电催化析氢性能最佳。     

钴钨复合电极在碱性介质中的电催化析氢性能

为提高电极的电催化析氢性能,在钴电沉积中加入钨粉,制得钴钨复合电极,采用阴极极化曲线法、交流阻抗技术和扫描电子显微技术研究了电极在碱性介质中的催化析氢性能。与钴电极相比,钴钨复合电极表面粗糙,具有较大的交换电流密度和较小的析氢反应电阻。结果表明：复合电极的电催化析氢性能优于钴电极。     

电沉积Ni-P-ZrO2复合电极析氢电催化性能的研究

用电沉积方法制备了镍－磷－二氧化锆复合电极。通过阴极极化曲线,交流阻抗等电化学技术研究其析氢催化性能,并用扫描电镜观察电极的表面形貌。实验结果表明,在80℃,25％氢氧化钠碱性溶液中镍－磷－二氧化锆的表观交换电流密度及表面粗糙度皆大于镍,镍－磷电极,而反应电阻较小。说明镍－磷中引入二氧化锆所形成的复合镀层具有较高的析氢催化活性和良好的电化学稳定性。     

镍基TiO2复合电极的制备及电催化析氢性能

在含有TiO₂颗粒的氨基磺酸体系镀镍液中通过电沉积制备了Ni/TiO₂复合镀层。采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、红外吸收光谱(FTIR)和X射线衍射(XRD)对镀层进行表征的结果显示,TiO₂颗粒成功地沉积在镍镀层中,并改变了镍镀层的表面微观形貌和相结构。通过极化曲线、塔菲尔曲线、电化学阻抗谱(EIS)、计时电位曲线等电化学测试考察了不同TiO₂质量浓度下所得Ni/TiO₂复合镀层的析氢活性和稳定性。与Ni镀层相比,Ni/TiO₂复合镀层显示出更高的析氢催化活性。TiO₂表面存在的羟基有利于析氢反应中氢吸附原子的形成,提高了析氢反应速率。在10 mA/cm²的阴极电流密度下,以6 g/L TiO₂制备的复合镀层表现出较低的析氢过电位(310 mV),具有最高的析氢活性。     

电沉积Ni-S-Co/ZrO2复合电极及其催化析氢性能

在镀液中悬浮粒径约为200~400 nm 的ZrO2固体颗粒,以电沉积方法制备了Ni-S-Co/ZrO2复合电极。XRD和SEM测试结果表明,沉积层由非晶态的Ni、Co、S和单斜晶型的ZrO2粒子组成。镀层表面呈团粒状结构,无裂隙,与基体结合牢固。电化学测试结果表明,25 ℃时,Ni-S-Co/ZrO2复合电极在28％NaOH溶液中,在电流密度100 mA•cm-2下的超电势为145 mV,与未复合纳米ZrO2粒子的Ni-S-Co电极相比降低了50 mV。表明超细ZrO2的掺入有效提高了电极对析氢反应的催化效果。实验表明,沉积的最佳电流密度为70 mA•cm-2,最适宜的ZrO2用量为15 g/L,采用Ni-S-Co作为过渡层可以显著改善复合镀层与基体的结合。     

电沉积方法制备镍硫析氢电极及其电化学性能

采用恒电流电沉积方法制备Ni-S电极,通过极化曲线研究了硫脲质量浓度、电流密度、镀液温度、电沉积时间等对Ni-S电极析氢性能的影响,获得了较佳的制备工艺:NiSO4·6H2O187.2g/L,硫脲100g/L,H3BO340g/L,NaCl 20g/L,pH=4,电流密度30 mA/cm2,镀液温度55℃和电沉积时间1...     

镍-碳化钨纳米复合镀层的制备与性能

采用电镀的方法制备出Ni-WC纳米复合镀层,镀液组成为:NiSO4·7H2O 250 g/L,NiCl2·6H2O 30 g/L,H3BO3 30 g/L,光亮剂0.1 g/L,纳米WC颗粒5～ 30 g/L,表面活性剂及分散剂适量.研究了温度、电流密度及pH对复合镀层外观的影响,得到最佳电镀工艺条件为:温度50～55...     

染料敏化二氧化钛-石墨烯杂化材料光催化水分解制氢

以曙红、石墨氧化物与二氧化钛(P25)为原料,利用水热法制备曙红敏化的二氧化钛-石墨烯杂化材料。通过X射线光电子能谱(XPS)考察了石墨氧化物(GO)以及染料敏化二氧化钛石墨烯杂化材料(T-G-EY)的C1s信号的变化,水热过程使石墨烯含氧官能团含量大幅度减少,透射电镜照片清晰地显示二氧化钛纳米颗粒均匀分散在石墨烯片层上。紫外-可见漫反射光谱(DRS)分析发现复合材料的带隙变窄,从P25的3.25 eV降低到2.75 eV,吸光范围明显向可见光区拓展,并存在曙红的特征吸收峰。从荧光光谱上明显看出复合材料发生了荧光猝灭现象,确认是石墨烯与二氧化钛之间及曙红与石墨烯之间存在一定的相互作用。T-G-EY在500 W氙灯照射下光解水制氢气的效率比P25提高了10.2倍。     

电沉积镍-钼-钴泡沫合金析氢电极的工艺研究

以聚氨酯海绵为基体,通过导电化处理、电沉积Ni–Mo–Co合金以及热分解处理工艺,制备了Ni–Mo–Co泡沫合金。研究了七水合硫酸钴和二水合钼酸钠用量、电流密度、温度等电沉积工艺参数对合金析氢性能的影响。结果表明,在七水合硫酸钴用量为14g/L,二水合钼酸钠用量为10g/L,温度为35°C,电流密度为8A/dm2的条件下制备的泡沫合金有最高的析氢活性,具有很大的比表面积。扫描电镜观察显示,制备的Ni–Mo–Co合金为三维网状结构,合金骨架有大量的微裂纹,表面为均匀致密的球状颗粒。     

Kinetics of hydrogen evolution reaction on a stainless steel electrode

The kinetic parameters for the hydrogen evolution reaction on a stainless steel substrate have been obtained from a study of the steady-state polarization curves as well as the galvanostatic transients. The high Tafel slope obtained in the steady-state polarization measurements was ascribed to the presence of an oxide film present on the surface of the stainless steel electrode.     

脉冲和直流电沉积Ni-P合金电极析氢电催化性能的研究

在由250 g/L NiSO4·6H2O、45 g/L NiCl2·6H2O、36 g/LH3BO3、20 g/L NaH2PO2·H2O和0.05～0.10 g/L十二烷基硫酸钠组成的镀液(pH 4.0～5.5)中,分别用脉冲和直流电沉积法在镍片上获得了Ni-P合金镀层,并进行了对比研究,SEM测试结果表明,脉冲电沉积方法获得的Ni-P合金镀层表面更加细致,电化学测试结果表明,脉冲电沉积镀层的交换电流密度较大,具有良好的析氢电催化活性,优良的电化学稳定性和良好的结合力及耐蚀性.     

Preparation and characterization of polymer/zirconia nanocomposite antistatic coatings on plastic substrates

Zirconia nanoparticles synthesized by the sol–gel method were surface modified by the coupling agent, 3-(trimethoxy silyl) propyl methacrylate (MSMA), containing C=C bonds. These particles were then UV-cured together with the hexa-functional monomer, dipentaethritol hexaacrylate (DPHA), to prepare transparent coatings that exhibited antistatic property on plastic substrates. FTIR and solid ²⁹SiNMR were used to analyze the chemical bonds in the formed particles and coatings. Dynamic light scattering measurement of the modified ZrO₂ sol indicated a relatively small particle size distribution, 1.5–20 nm, with a maximum intensity at ~5.5 nm. These particles dispersed uniformly in the organic host, poly(DPHA), as was manifested by the high resolution SEM images of the coatings. Antistatic performance of the coatings was examined based on the surface resistivity measurements. A resistivity of 7.74 × 10⁸ Ω/□ suited to common antistatic applications could be attained for coatings containing 10% inorganic component. In addition, all of the prepared coatings were very hard with pencil hardness 7H–8H, and they attached perfectly to the PMMA substrate according to the peel test.     

Characteristics of hydrogen evolution and oxidation catalyzed by Desulfovibrio caledoniensis biofilm on pyrolytic graphite electrode

Hydrogenase, an important electroactive enzyme of sulphate-reducing bacteria (SRB), has been discovered having the capacity to connect its activity to solid electrodes by catalyzing hydrogen evolution and oxidation. However, little attention has been paid to similar electroactive characteristics of SRB. In this study, the electroactivities of pyrolytic graphite electrode (PGE) coated with SRB biofilm were investigated. Two corresponding redox peaks were observed by cyclic voltammetry detection, which were related to the hydrogen evolution and oxidation. Moreover, the overpotential for the reactions decreased by about 0.2 V in the presence of the SRB biofilm. When the PGE coated with the SRB biofilm was polarized at 0.24 V (vs. SHE), an oxidation current related to the hydrogen oxidation was found. The SRB biofilm was able to obtain electrons from the −0.61 V (vs. SHE) polarized PGE to form hydrogen, and the electron transfer resistance also decreased with the formation of SRB biofilm, as measured by the non-destructive electrochemical impendence spectroscopy detection. It was concluded that the hydrogen evolution and oxidation was an important way for the electron transfer between SRB biofilm and solid electrode in anaerobic environment.     

双脉冲电沉积制备Ni-聚苯胺复合电极及其析氢性能的研究

采用控制双脉冲电位沉积技术制备N i-聚苯胺复合电极。扫描电镜下观察电极表面呈菜花状结构,比表面积约为普通镀N i电极的4~50倍。N i-PAN复合电极的X射线衍射谱图中分别出现了N i和PAN的特征峰。通过测试复合电极在模拟氯碱工业电解液中的阴极极化曲线,研究了N i-PAN电极的析氢性能,结果显示当电流密度为0.10 A/cm2时,析氢过电位较镀N i电极降低约350 mV。复合电极性能稳定,可作为氯碱工业用活性阴极,能显著降低能耗。