人工肱骨头假体置换与锁定板治疗复杂肱骨近端骨折的疗效对比

目的比较人工肱骨头假体置换与锁定板治疗复杂肱骨近端骨折的疗效。方法回顾性分析2013—2016年南通大学附属南京江北人民医院创伤关节外科收治的32例复杂肱骨近端骨折患者的临床资料,其中采取人工肱骨头假体置换治疗16例(置换组),采取锁定钢板内固定治疗16例(内固定组)。比较两组患者一般手术情况、临床疗效、术后4周时VAS评分及Constant-Murley评分。结果 (1)两组患者在手术时间、术中出血量及一次性手术费用比较方面差异无统计学意义(P0.05);(2)置换组Neer评分优良率为75.00%,内固定组Neer评分优良率为81.25%,两组比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05);(3)置换组VAS评分(2.14±0.52)分,内固定组VAS评分(2.37±0.61)分,两组比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05);(4)置换组Constant-Murley评分(65.28±13.04)分,内固定组Constant-Murley评分(61.44±11.62)分,两组比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论人工肱骨头假体置换与锁定板治疗复杂肱骨近端骨折的手术时间、术中出血量及手术花费无明显差异,术后疗效相近。术式的选择主要依赖骨折复杂程度和患者一般状况。     

手术治疗肱骨近端骨折108例临床分析

目的：总结肱骨近端骨折手术治疗的临床疗效、适应证及手术体会。方法：对108例有手术指征的肱骨近端骨折患者分别采用螺钉和三叶草钢板或肱骨近端锁定钢板治疗,比较两种手术方式的治疗效果。结果：锁定钢板治疗组的疗效明显优于三叶草钢板组,锁定钢板的优良率90%,三叶草钢板的优良率81%。结论：在治疗肱骨近端骨折时,应根据患者的年龄、骨的质量、骨折类型和部位而选择适当的术式。肱骨外科颈骨折可选用三叶草钢板,三、四部分骨折或肱骨头骨折采用锁定钢板较好。大、小结节骨折可选择螺丝钉固定或结合钢板固定。对于Ⅳ型骨折争取钢板内固定,Ⅱ期肱骨头坏死或明显影响肩关节功能的患者做关节置换手术。     

解剖重建锁定钢板固定治疗肱骨近端三、四部分骨折脱位

目的 探讨切开解剖复位、解剖锁定钢板内固定治疗肱骨近端三、四部分骨折脱位的疗效. 方法 选择2004年9月-2007年12月行切开复位解剖锁定钢板内固定治疗的30例肱骨近端Neer三、四部分骨折脱位患者.随访资料完整的患者20例,应用肱骨近端锁定钢板(locking proximal humerus plate,LPHP)7例,肱骨近端内固定锁定系统(proximal humeral internal locking system,PHILOS)13例.术后早期指导患者进行肩关节被动功能锻炼. 结果 随访36 ～ 71个月,平均51个月.随访期限内出现肱骨头坏死6例,内固定松动2例,螺钉穿出6例,骨折不愈合2例,感染2例,肱骨头坏死发生率为30％.疼痛视觉模拟评分(VAS)平均为2.55分.Constant肩关节评分平均为80.8分.按Neer肩关节功能评分标准:优8例,良6例,中3例,差3例,优良率为70％. 结论 尽管切开复位解剖锁定钢板内固定术治疗肱骨近端三、四部分骨折脱位有较高的肱骨头缺血坏死发生率,尤其是65岁以上老年患者,但肱骨头坏死与肩关节功能之间无明显相关性,可根据患者个体情况有选择地采用此方法.     

微创钢板接骨术与肱骨头置换治疗老年Neer四部分骨折

目的 通过前瞻性研究探讨微创钢板接骨术(minimally invasive plate osteoynthesis,MIPO)与肱骨头置换治疗老年Neer四部分骨折的疗效. 方法 胸大肌三角肌间隙人路,采用锁定钢板结合MIPO技术治疗老年新鲜Neer四部分骨折28例(A组),行人工肱骨头置换治疗相同骨折27例(B组),应用Neer评分、Constant - Murley评分以及简明肩关节问卷(simple shoulder test,SST)等评估治疗结果. 结果 A组平均随访32.1个月,2例螺钉进入关节间隙,1例大结节向后上移位,肱骨头缺血性坏死1例.平均疼痛视觉模拟评分(visual analog scale,VAS)、平均肩关节Neer评分和平均Constant - Murley评分分别为2.2分、88.6分和86.5分.SST中回答“是”的问题平均为9.0个.B组平均随访34.6个月,4例出现肩关节脱位或者半脱位,8例出现大结节移位或过度复位问题.平均VAS评分、平均Neer评分和平均Constant - Murley评分分别为2.4分、78.9分和77.3分.SST问卷中回答“是”的问题平均为8.0个.两组VAS评分比较差异无统计学意义,而并发症、Neer评分、Constant - Murley评分及SST评分结果比较差异有统计学意义,A组优于B组. 结论 对于大多数老年Neer四部分骨折,在严格掌握手术适应证及手术技巧的前提下,应用MIPO可以获得满意的结果,而人工肱骨头置换术仍存在较多尚未解决的问题,选择时需慎重.     

锁定钢板内固定与人工肱骨头置换治疗复杂肱骨近端骨折的Meta分析

目的系统评价切开复位锁定钢板内固定和人工肱骨头置换治疗复杂肱骨近端骨折的疗效差异。方法计算机检索Cochrane图书馆、Ovid、Pubmed、Oalib、中国生物医学文献、维普全文等数据库,检索1990—2013年的有关锁定钢板切开复位内固定和人工肱骨头置换治疗复杂肱骨近端骨折的文献资料。比较两者的Constant-Murley评分、并发症及二次手术率。对数据进行异质性检验,用Meta分析方法进行数据处理,估计相对危险度及其95%CI和标准均数差及其95%CI。结果共纳入10个队列研究(579例)进行研究,结果显示锁定钢板内固定与人工肱骨头置换在Constant-Murley评分[标准均数差(SMD)=0.67;95%CI(0.23,1.1);P=0.003]和二次手术率[RR=2.90;95%CI(1.69,4.99);P=0.0001]方面的差异有统计学意义,在并发症方面两者无统计学意义[RR=1.51;95%CI(0.98,2.31);P=0.06]。结论与人工肱骨头置换相比,锁定钢板治疗复杂肱骨近端骨折可获得更好的功能,但二次手术率较高。     

人工肱骨头置换治疗老年肱骨近端粉碎性骨折疗效分析

目的 总结人工肱骨头置换治疗老年肱骨近端粉碎性骨折的经验,探讨手术适应证、要点及疗效.方法 选取我院2008年12月～2011年1月收治的老年肱骨近端Neer四部分骨折行人工肱骨头置换术患者18例,术中准确复位固定大小结节,假体植入得当,术后严格进行早期功能锻炼.最终随访时应用ASES评分评估治疗效果.结果 18例均获得术后6～24个月(平均12个月)随访,ASES评分平均为88.7(62～94)分,VAS疼痛评分平均为2.3(0～3)分,肩关节活动度平均为前屈上举126.6°(90°~160°),外旋35.1°(29°~40°),内旋T9水平(L1~T7).结论 通过严格的把握适应证,掌握好手术时机,术中准确复位固定大小结节、恢复肱骨头的正常高度和后倾角,术后积极完善肩关节康复训练,人工肱骨头置换治疗老年肱骨近端粉碎骨折可得到满意的效果.     

肱骨近端骨折的手术治疗策略

目的探讨不同类型肱骨近端有移位骨折的最佳手术治疗方案。方法对肱骨近端骨折有移位的174例患者,进行Neer分类,122例二部分骨折和8例三部分骨折行三叶草钢板内固定,30例三部分骨折和3例四部分骨折行肱骨近端加压锁定钢板（10cking proximal hunerus plate,LPHP）内固定,而5例三部分骨折和6例四部分骨折行人工肱骨头置换术（humeral head replacement,HHR）。结果内固定术后所有骨折均愈合,无畸形。愈合时间为8—12周,平均10周。肱骨头置换术后,假体未出现松动、脱位等现象。所有病例均无感染、神经、血管损伤等并发症发生。结论对肱骨近端骨折采用手术治疗可取得较为满意的效果。Neer二部分骨折、多数三部分骨折及一些四部分骨折可采用钢板内固定,而部分三部分骨折、多数四部分骨折可根据情况一期行人工肱骨头置换术。     

锁定钢板治疗中老年肱骨近端骨折术后的康复锻炼

探讨60例锁定钢板治疗中老年肱骨近端骨折术后功能锻炼中的疗效。随访时间≥1年。末次随访时,按美国肩肘外科医师评分法（ ASES）：52例（均为二、三部分骨折）的评分为（83.14±5.66）分,7例（均为四部分骨折）的评分为（67.94±10.81）分,1例（四部分骨折）肱骨头坏死。认为锁定钢板适用于中老年人肱骨近端骨折,早期功能锻炼最大限度地减少了并发症。     

锁定型髓内针和锁定型钢板治疗肱骨近端骨折的对比研究

目的 对比肱骨近端锁定型髓内针或肱骨近端锁定型钢板治疗肱骨近端骨折的疗效,并探究两种内固定物各自的特点. 方法 54例新鲜肱骨近端二部分外科颈骨折患者,分为髓内针同定组(26例)和锁定犁钢板同定组(28例),两组在平均年龄比例、性别比例、优势侧受累比例方面差异尤统计学意义.最终随访时进行洋细肩关节体检,拍摄肩关节X线片以评价愈合的情况,并应用疼痛的视觉评分(VAS),美国肩肘外科医师评分(ASES),Constant-Murley评分,以及简单肩关节功能问卷(SST)评估患者肩关节功能,对比两组的结果. 结果 所有骨折均在术后8周内初步愈合.随访过程中两组均未出现感染、肱骨头坏死.钢板组患者并发症率较髓内针组高.两组的肩关节功能恢复情况均比较令人满意.两组间在术后患肢平均主动前屈上举、主动体侧外旋、主动内旋体侧内旋活动度、Constant-Murley评分、SST评分方面差异无统计学意义.但钢板组在最终患者的肩关节ASES评分、VAS评分和平均冈上肌肌力等方而优于髓内针组. 结论 两种内固定物均可较满意地治疗肱骨近端二部分外科颈骨折.锁定型髓内针创伤较小,而锁定型钢板在术后功能恢复方面更具优势.     

解剖锁定钢板治疗肱骨近端骨折64例疗效分析

目的:探讨解剖锁定钢板治疗肱骨近端骨折的临床效果.方法:将我院收治的64例肱骨近端骨折患者,随机分为对照组和观察组.对照组采用常规手术治疗,观察组采用解剖锁定钢板治疗.比较两组的治疗效果及不良反应发生情况.结果:观察组手术时间、术中出血量明显少于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).观察组与对照组骨折愈合时间,经统计学分析,差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).观察组Neer评分优良率显著高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论:采用锁定钢板内固定治疗肱骨近端骨折,手术时间短,术中出血量少,骨折愈合良好,术后功能恢复佳,值得临床推广应用.     

Physiologic and pathologic calcifications and ossifications in the face and neck

The aim was to give a systematic presentation of physiologic and pathologic calcifications and ossifications in the face and neck with a special emphasis on clinical relevance. In a sometimes subacute setting one should recognize specific calcifications which often lead to important diagnoses such as fungal sinusitis or sclerosing labyrinthitis. In a more chronic situation intraocular calcifications in small children are pathognomonic for retinoblastoma. Juxtatumoral sclerosis of the laryngeal cartilage in laryngopharyngeal carcinoma is usually caused by tumor infiltration of the cartilage resulting in a higher tumor stage and, this way, has a major impact on the therapeutical strategy. Calcified lymph nodes are mainly unspecific but can be the result of tuberculosis or metastases of thyroid cancer. Cross-sectional imaging methods, most of all computed tomography, are ideally suited to reveal head and neck calcifications and ossifications, especially those which are clinically relevant.     

Head and neck infection and inflammation

This article discusses the imaging manifestations of infectious and inflammatory conditions of the head and neck. Special attention is paid to the sites, routes of spread, and complications of neck infections. Because the clinical signs and symptoms and the complications of these conditions are often determined by the precise anatomic site involved, anatomic considerations are stressed. Familiarity with the fascial layers, spaces of the neck, and the contents of each space is helpful for this discussion. The fascial layers of the neck are important barriers to infection, and once infection is established, the fascial layers play a part in directing its spread.     

Oxygen uptake and ventilation during rowing and running in females and males

This study evaluated if the ventilatory response to exercise is impaired by the cramp position of rowing. Maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max), maximal expiratory volume (VEmax), and maximal heart rate (HRmax) during rowing and running were compared in 55 males (age, mean +/- SD, 21 +/- 3 years; height 176 +/- 5 cm; body mass 72 +/- 6 kg) and 18 females (age 20 +/- 2 years; height 164 +/- 5 cm; body mass 61 +/- 4 kg). VEmax was larger during rowing than during running (males, 157 +/- 16 vs. 147 +/- 13 L min(-1); 114 +/- 9 vs. 105 +/- 11 L min(-1), P<0.01). Also VO2max was larger during rowing than during running (males, 4.5 +/- 0.5 vs. 4.3 +/- 0.4 L min(-1); females, 3.3 +/- 0.4 vs. 3.2 +/- 0.4 L min(-1), P<0.01). However, HRmax was lower during rowing than during running (males, 194 +/- 8 vs. 198 +/- 11 beats min(-1); females, 192 +/- 6 vs. 196 +/- 8 beats min(-1), P<0.05). VEmax was correlated to body mass and fat-free mass, as was VO2max. Thus, the oxygen pulse (VO2max/HRmax) was larger during rowing than during running, while the ventilatory equivalent for oxygen (VEmax/VO2max) was similar. We showed that bending the body during rowing does not seem to impair ventilation either in males or in females. The results indicate that VEmax and VO2max relate to body size and fat-free mass for both females and males. The findings indicate that the involvement of more muscles, the entrainment, and the body position during rowing facilitates ventilation and venous return and lowers maximal heart rate.     

幽门螺杆菌分泌与重组表达的VacA蛋白的分离纯化及其致细胞空泡效应与凋亡的对比研究

目的：分离纯化幽门螺杆菌分泌和重组表达的细胞空泡毒素抗原（ VacA）蛋白,并评价其致细胞空泡效应及致细胞凋亡效应。方法分别从幽门螺杆菌ATCC26695菌株培养上清和重组表达VacA蛋白的pQE30-VacA-E．coliM15基因工程菌中分离纯化VacA蛋白,经酸化后,以不同终浓度（5,10 ng／ml）分别与人胃腺癌AGS细胞共孵24 h,观察致空泡效应,并通过流式细胞术检测细胞凋亡。结果成功分离纯化出幽门螺杆菌分泌和重组表达的VacA蛋白;幽门螺杆菌分泌的VacA蛋白能显著引起AGS细胞的空泡样改变及凋亡（P＜0．01）,而重组表达的VacA蛋白致细胞空泡样改变及凋亡不显著（ P＞0．05）。结论幽门螺杆菌分泌的VacA蛋白有良好的空泡毒性及致凋亡效应,而重组表达的VacA蛋白无致空泡及凋亡效应,幽门螺杆菌分泌的VacA蛋白可用于VacA作用机制的研究。     

Cross-sectional and longitudinal comparisons of self-reported and device-assessed physical activity and sedentary behaviour

ObjectivesTo examine the longitudinal associations and differences between self-reported and device-assessed physical activity (PA) and sedentary behaviour (SB), using a multifaceted statistical approach.DesignLongitudinal measurement burst.MethodsIn total, 52 university students (78% female) aged 18–38 years (mean = 21.94 ± 4.57 years) participated. The study consisted of three blocks of six days of measurement, during which participants wore an accelerometer on their wrist for the entire block, and self-reported their PA over the 6 days at the end of each block.ResultsMeaningful latent differences between methods were observed for moderate PA and SB across all three assessment periods, such that participants underreported the time spent in each activity. Bland–Altman plots revealed a positive mean difference for vigorous PA, with over-reporting increasing as mean levels increased. Negative mean differences were observed for all other intensities. Underreporting of moderate PA increased as the mean level increased, whereas for light PA and SB, underreporting decreased at high levels. Repeated measures correlations revealed a meaningful association for vigorous PA only, suggesting that as self-reported minutes increase so too do device-measured minutes.ConclusionsWe found evidence of cross-sectional and longitudinal differences and weak associations between self-reported and device-assessed PA and SB. Future work is needed to enhance the quality of self-reported methods to assess PA and SB (e.g., face and content validity), and consider improvements to the processing of device-based data.     

化学和生物学融合对国际武器公约履约的影响

化学武器公约（ CWC）和生物武器公约（ BWC）是为禁止生产、发展、储存和使用化学武器和生物武器而制定的国际公约。近年来,科学技术快速发展,知识交叉渗透,学科之间出现整合和融合,促进了科技进步和经济发展。其中化学和生物学融合在有力促进制药、健康卫生、绿色化学和环境保护等产业进步的同时,也对化学和生物武器公约的履约产生了重要的影响。该文综述了与化学武器和生物武器公约相关的化学和生物学融合进展,并分析其对公约履约的影响。     

Old and dangerous: Prison and dementia

Older prisoners are the fastest growing group of prisoners in many countries. The purpose of this study is to explore the phenomenon of detention of persons suffering from dementia. Medline searches were conducted for relevant articles, chapters and books published until August 2016. Search terms included dementia, elderly, prison and criminal. Publications found through this indexed search were reviewed for further relevant references. As results, there is a lack of data about elderly with dementia in prisons. Given the rise in the average age, it is reasonable to hypothesize that the number of older prisoners is growing. Moreover, some elderly are imprisoned with a concomitant cognitive impairment or psychiatric disorder while others will develop such diseases once incarcerated. At the present time, legal and social systems seem unprepared to handle the phenomenon of dementia in prison. As proposal, health assessments for older first time offenders should become a practice inside the correctional facilities and include an evaluation for specific health issues, such as psychiatric comorbidity and cognitive impairment.     

Kidney and iodinated and gadolinium-based contrast agents

In patients with renal failure, iodinated contrast agents may cause acute deterioration of the renal function and gadolinium-based contrast agents (GBCAs) may cause nephrogenic systemic fibrosis (NSF). The administration of a contrast agent must thus be reviewed for each patient and evaluation of renal function is paramount even though its estimation using formulas derived from the creatinine level may fluctuate. For iodinated contrast agents, contrast induced nephropathy is reduced by hydratation, preferably intravenous, when the GFR is less than 60 ml/min. The risk for intravenous injections is less than the risk for arterial injections, and the GFR threshold may be reduced to 45 ml/min. For gadolinium-based contrast agents, patients at risk for NSF are those with end-stage renal disease and patients undergoing dialysis. In such cases, the injection of a gadolinium-based contrast agent is only considered after a risk-benefit analysis has been completed, an alternate linear or macrocyclic agent issued and the dose limited to 0,1 mmol Gd/kg. Recently, recommendations from US and European agencies have converged. Learning objectives: to be familiar with the risk factors of CIN with iodinated contrast agents; to be familiar with hydration procedures for patients at risk of CIN; to be familiar with the diagnostic criteria of NSF; to be familiar with the classification of GBCA with regards to the risk of NSF; to be familiar with the contraindications of the different groups of GBCA.     

Coracoclavicular and coracoacromial ligament calcification and ossification

Thirty-six patients with calcification or ossification at or around the coracoclavicular and coracoacromial regions were analyzed with regard to type, location, and configuration of the deposits and related clinical history. Calcification or ossification in the coracoclavicular region resulted largely from trauma (36%) or renal failure (28%). Trauma patients may develop punctate calcification or ossification but do not develop the tumoral type of calcification. About 5% of the renal failure patients had coracoclavicular ligament calcifications, one-half of which were of the tumoral type. Renal failure patients may have punctate or tumoral calcifications but do not develop ossification.