500kW大功率光伏并网逆变器的LCL滤波电路设计

本文在对比逆变器输出侧L及LCL滤波器优劣的基础上,对500kW大功率光伏逆变器上的LCL滤波器参数选型做了详细分析。最后,在所选参数基础上,基于D—Q分解法,对500kW光伏逆变器进行了并网仿真,实现了单位功率因素并网运行。仿真证明了LCL滤波电路选型的正确性。     

一种基于LLCL型滤波器的光伏逆变器分析与设计

提出了新型并网逆变器的高阶功率滤波器的拓扑电路,称为LLCL滤波器。采用新型LLCL型滤波器对单相光伏并网逆变器进行滤波,LLCL滤波器通过在传统LCL滤波器的电容支路中串联一个小的电感达到在开关频率处产生串联谐振,相比LCL型滤波器能够更大程度地对串联谐振频率处的电流谐波进行衰减,可以减少电感装置的体积和重量,减少动态响应时间。更重要的是,能够减少电网侧的电感值,这样可以提高特征谐振频率点,有利于并网逆变器的控制。对比分析了传统LCL滤波器和LLCL滤波器的性能,证实和评估LLCL滤波器的优越性。对LLCL滤波器进行了参数设计,使用Matlab仿真软件搭建模型,仿真结果表明系统具有较好的稳态性能,且抗干扰性能好。     

基于谐波频谱的LCL滤波器性能分析

为了减少逆变器中的谐波干扰,常采用LCL滤波器,该滤波器性能优良,被广泛采用,但目前LCL滤波器的电感电容仍然较大,系统成本仍较高,据此提出一种新型的设计方法,即通过逆变器输出的高次谐波峰值及其频谱,采用直线交截法依次获得谐振频率等相关滤波参数。与此同时,在此基础上对基于谐波频谱的LCL滤波器的各参数再次进行优化,然后通过与未经优化的LCL滤波器进行性能分析比较,从理论上揭示了该滤波器的优越性。最后通过在三相并网逆变器上进行实验验证,最终设计出了总电感电容较小,且满足并网要求的LCL滤波器。     

三相光伏并网发电系统主电路设计

对比分析单级型和多级型光伏并网逆变系统的优缺点,以及光伏阵列可扩展性,确定了双级型并网逆变器拓扑结构,电压源电流控制方式,带工频变压器隔离的拓扑方式,对BOOST电路、逆变器、LCL滤波器等主要元件进行设计,为主电路设计提供了理论依据。仿真验证了LCL滤波器设计的合理性。     

三相并网逆变器LCL滤波器的简明设计

LCL滤波器以其较好的滤波性能被广泛地用于并网逆变器,但无阻尼时系统产生谐振,给系统的稳定性控制带来困难。文中在建立三相并网逆变器数学模型的基础上,采用基于d,q同步旋转坐标系的电网电压定向控制策略,利用被动阻尼抑制谐振提高了并网逆变器的稳定性能。文中给出了被动阻尼LCL滤波器的详细设计方法,并比较其与单L滤波器的滤波效果,运用Matlab/simulink建立系统模型并进行仿真,实现了单位功率因数并网。     

基于广义积分器二自由度PID控制的LCL变流器

本文提出了一种基于广义积分器的LCL并网逆变器单电流反馈二自由度PID控制策略（Generalized Integrator based Two Degrees of Freedom PID Control Strategy,GI-2DoF-PID）,该方法不用增加电压或电流传感器就可实现有源阻尼控制,系统成本低。GI-2DoF-PID的比例积分环节实现并网电流跟踪,而基于广义积分器的微分环节则增强LCL逆变器的阻尼系数,有效抑制系统与电网形成的谐振尖峰,提高系统可靠性与稳定性,改善系统的动态响应速度。本文推导了GI-2DoF-PID电流控制系统的传递函数,分析了系统的稳定裕度与动态特性,提出相应的参数设计原则并选取了合适的控制参数。构建了基于PLECS系统仿真模型,仿真结果表明：GI-2DoF-PID控制的LCL并网逆变器可以有效抑制LCL滤波器谐振;在电网电压严重畸变时的满载并网电流畸变率仅为3%,远低于国家标准的要求;当系统从半载跳变到满载时,系统超调量低,响应速度比其他方法更快。     

新能源并网逆变器入网电流通用控制

太阳能电池、风力发电,以及燃料电池等新能源发电中的并网逆变器技术的研究已经成为一个重要的研究方向。为了消除逆变器输出电流中的高次谐波,通常采用LCL滤波器对谐波进行处理。但是LCL滤波器是无阻尼三阶系统,使输出容易产生谐振,因此逆变器电流控制器的研究成为了研究的热点。本文就当今使用较为热门的电容电流内环、入网电流外环的双闭环控制策略进行分析,使用MATLAB／Simulink进行仿真,并在仿真中加入功率因数（PF）的验证。从仿真结果看出该方案可有效地避免入网电流谐振,入网电流能很好地跟踪并网电压,达到同频同相,功率因数约等于1,并且在FFT谐波分析中达到满意的效果。     

基于LCL滤波器的逆变器并网有源阻尼控制策略

目前LCL滤波器的逆变器广泛应用于并网过程中,由于本身是三阶欠阻尼系统,常常出现谐振尖峰,进而导致系统不稳定。对此,提出一种基于带通滤波器单反馈有源阻尼策略。首先,选取合适的LCL滤波器参数实现并网条件。其次,从幅值特性和相位裕度的角度出发,采用极点配置法对带通滤波器进行参数设计并设置反馈并网高频电流。最后,通过MATLAB/Simlink仿真验证带通滤波器有源阻尼方法的可行性和有效性。     

基于LCL型滤波器的光伏并网逆变器的控制策略研究

光伏并网逆变器的LCL型滤波器与传统的L型﹑LC型相比较而言,在相同的电感量的情况下,LCL型滤波器对注入电网的高阶次谐波具有更好的抑制能力,谐波衰减十分明显,但是用LCL型滤波器作为光伏并网接口,容易产生谐振尖峰,影响整个系统的稳定性。本文主要对基于LCL型的光伏并网逆变器的直接转矩控制策略分析研究,提出改进的基于准直接功率控制(DPC)的控制策略,对LCL型滤波器的谐振问题进行有效抑制并且提高对光伏并网电压电流的控制能力。     

基于虚拟电阻法的LCL滤波器特性分析

LCL滤波器与传统的L滤波器相比,有着更好的滤波效果,但是,同时LCL滤波器会有谐振问题,导致了系统不稳定。为了要抑制其谐振特性,将虚拟电阻法和无源阻尼法这两种控制策略进行了研究分析,还将虚拟电阻法运用到了光伏并网逆变器中,最后通过仿真结果的对比,表明了虚拟电阻法可以有效地抑制LCL滤波器的谐振峰,降低了输出电流的谐波,系统的稳定性也得到了增强。     

基于电流无差拍控制的单相光伏并网逆变器研究

摘要：在单相光伏逆变并网系统中,传统控制器由于其控制算法简单使其电流响应速度慢,在电流发生变化时容易产生谐波污染电网,不能满足越来越高的电能质量要求。通过对单相光伏并网逆变器模型的研究,采用一种基于电流无差拍的控制方法,推导出其离散传递函数,并对其进行稳定性分析。在降低稳态误差和提高抗干扰能力的同时使得电流的响应速度提高,并且降低了逆变器并网电流的总谐波畸变率。最后通过仿真和实验验证了理论的正确性和控制方法的有效性。     

一种基于有源滤波与光伏发电的并网逆变器控制方法

文中提出了一种基于有源滤波与光伏发电的并网逆变器的控制方法,在并联型有源电力滤波器的基础上拓展了新能源发电功能,采用电压电流双环对并网逆变直流侧电压和系统电网输出有功电流进行控制。该并网逆变器既可以滤除负载的谐波和补偿负载的无功功率,也可以实现有功功率的有效传输,适于未来微电网中并网逆变器的应用研究。     

基于电流无差拍和PI复合控制的新能源并网技术

为了提高新能源整个并网系统的性能,在分析无差拍控制和PI控制的工作原理基础上,提出了基于电流无差拍和PI复合控制的PWM逆变的控制策略。通过Matlab/Simulink建模仿真三相并网系统,采用LCL滤波器滤波。当系统接三相对称纯阻性负载和整流性负载时,将系统逆变电压与电网电压、逆变电流与电网电压进行比较,以及对三相逆变电流进行谐波分析。仿真结果表明,该并网控制策略能较好地跟踪电网电压,波形畸变较小、动态响应快。     

三相电流型逆变器的PWM控制方法研究

电流型逆变器通常采用正弦调制波和高频锯齿波载波比较的方式产生PWM脉冲。对于这种方法来说,如果逆变器直流输入电流中含有脉动成分,则交流输出电流中的谐波分量就会增加。为了抑制这些谐波分量,人们采用了有源滤波和无源滤波：但都还存在着这样那样的问题,要么电路复杂化,要么成本提高了,要么抑制效果不太理想。本文提出了一种有效的三相电流型逆变器的PWM控制方法,给出了利用80C196MC单片机实现的思路,通过实验证明了这种方法的正确性。     

Suppression of line voltage related distortion in current controlled grid connected inverters

The influence of selected control strategies on the level of low-order current harmonic distortion generated by an inverter connected to a distorted grid is investigated through a combination of theoretical and experimental studies. A detailed theoretical analysis, based on the concept of harmonic impedance, establishes the suitability of inductor current feedback versus output current feedback with respect to inverter power quality. Experimental results, obtained from a purpose-built 500-W, three-level, half-bridge inverter with an L-C-L output filter, verify the efficacy of inductor current as the feedback variable, yielding an output current total harmonic distortion (THD) some 29% lower than that achieved using output current feedback. A feed-forward grid voltage disturbance rejection scheme is proposed as a means to further reduce the level of low-order current harmonic distortion. Results obtained from an inverter with inductor current feedback and optimized feed-forward disturbance rejection show a THD of just 3% at full-load, representing an improvement of some 53% on the same inverter with output current feedback and no feed-forward compensation. Significant improvements in THD were also achieved across the entire load range. It is concluded that the use of inductor current feedback and feed-forward voltage disturbance rejection represent cost-effect mechanisms for achieving improved output current quality.     

Research on the filtering characteristic of single phase series hybrid active power filter based on fundamental magnetic flux compensation

In this article, the PWM inverter works as a controlled fundamental current source in the single phase series hybrid active power filter (APF) based on fundamental magnetic flux compensation (FMFC). The series transformer can exhibit the self-impedance of primary winding to harmonic current, which forces harmonic current to flow into passive power filter. With the influence of harmonic current, the voltage of primary winding of transformer is a harmonic voltage, which makes the inverter output currents have a certain harmonic component, and it degrades the filtering characteristics. On the basis of PWM inverter, the mathematical model of series hybrid APF is established, and the filtering characteristics of single phase APF are analysed in detail. Three methods are gained to improve filtering characteristics: reasonably designing the inverter output filter inductance, increasing series transformer ratio and adopting voltage feed-forward control. Experimental results show that the proposed APF has greater validity.     

Online grid measurement and ENS detection for PV inverter running on highly inductive grid

Photovoltaic (PV) and other sources of renewable energy are being used increasingly in grid-connected systems, for which stronger power quality requirements are being issued. Continuous grid monitoring should be considered so as to provide safe connections and disconnections from the grid. This letter gives an overview of the methods used for online grid measurement with PV inverters. Emphasis is placed on a method based on the injection of a noncharacteristic harmonic in the grid. Since this injection is regarded as a disturbance for the grid, different issues, i.e., the influence on total harmonic distortion (THD), the accuracy of line impedance measurement and the ENS (German abbreviation of Main Monitoring units with allocated Switching Devices) detection are studied. Laboratory results conducted on an existing PV inverter are presented to demonstrate the behavior of the PV inverter under different grid conditions. Some of the injection parameters are tuned in order to get an accurate measurement of line impedance.     

光伏发电系统并网控制技术现状与发展(下)

由于LCL滤波器针对高频谐波的滤除效果优于L型滤波器,因而广泛应用于电流源控制型的光伏并网逆变电路中,但也导致了基于LCL滤波器的光伏并网逆变器控制策略更为复杂,因此本文并从并网控制策略角度分析了间接电流控制与直接电流控制两种并网策略,并预测了未来光伏发电系统并网控制策略的发展趋势。     

Grid current regulation of a three-phase voltage source inverter with an LCL input filter

Many grid connected power electronic systems, such as STATCOMs, UPFCs, and distributed generation system interfaces, use a voltage source inverter (VSI) connected to the supply network through a filter. This filter, typically a series inductance, acts to reduce the switching harmonics entering the distribution network. An alternative filter is a LCL network, which can achieve reduced levels of harmonic distortion at lower switching frequencies and with less inductance, and therefore has potential benefits for higher power applications. However, systems incorporating LCL filters require more complex control strategies and are not commonly presented in literature. This paper proposes a robust strategy for regulating the grid current entering a distribution network from a three-phase VSI system connected via a LCL filter. The strategy integrates an outer loop grid current regulator with inner capacitor current regulation to stabilize the system. A synchronous frame PI current regulation strategy is used for the outer grid current control loop. Linear analysis, simulation, and experimental results are used to verify the stability of the control algorithm across a range of operating conditions. Finally, expressions for ""harmonic impedance" of the system are derived to study the effects of supply voltage distortion on the harmonic performance of the system.     

有源滤波器在中频电炉中的节能分析

中频电炉作为主要的加热感应设备,其产生的谐波污染对电网电能质量构成威胁。文中针对中频电炉存在的谐波问题,分析比对原有的治理措施,提出了新的谐波治理装置——中频电炉用有源电力滤波器,对其主电路结构及工作原理进行分析。并对有源滤波器在中频电炉上的节能成效进行了分析,分别从变压器、换相角、交直流电压变化等方面进行了能耗分析,最终计算出净节能达到6.2%,节能效果显著。