重庆市环境库兹涅茨曲线检验与分析

随着经济持续发展,西部地区环境与经济矛盾日益突出,为研究西部地区经济与环境关系,本文以重庆市为例,选取1990年~2011年共22年的经济指标(人均GDP)与污染物(废水、工业废气、工业固体废弃物等)排放量为环境指标,建立经济与环境指标的协同演化模型,绘制环境库兹涅茨曲线并对重庆市经济与环境协同发展关系进行研究;结果表明:重庆市人均GDP与工业废水排放量之间呈现明显EKC关系,其转折点为2005年,即人均GDP为10982元;重庆市人均GDP与工业SO2排放量及与工业烟尘排放量和工业固体废物排放的良性关系出现和将要出现在2010年和2015年;重庆市人均GDP与总体的工业"三废"排放量之间呈现出明显的倒"U"EKC关系,2006年以后,随着人均GDP的增加,工业"三废"排放量不断减少,2011年时,工业"三废"排放量趋于平缓。由此也说明,重庆市工业"三废"排放量有明显好转的趋势。     

京津冀地区典型城市地表水质污染类型划分及驱动力研究

根据京津冀地区典型城市水环境污染的主要来源,选取工业COD排放量,工业氨氮排放量、工业废水排放量、生活COD排放量、生活氨氮排放量、生活污水排放量共6项指标,对区域经济发展水平与水污染物排放之间的关系进行研究。基于经济发展水平和污染排放特征,利用系统聚类法划分城市类型,利用回归分析研究污染排放指标对GDP的贡献。结果表明:京津冀地区废水及主要污染物排放特征存在明显的行政区划差异性:A类城市中,生活污染源已超越工业污染源成为该地区水污染物排放的重中之重;B类城市和C类城市污染控制重点仍需放在工业污染源减排上。经过多年努力,主要工业污染物排放量已得到了有效的控制,生活污水排放量已成为京津冀地区不容忽视的减排对象。今后,应在此基础上针对不同行政区划内的污染排放特征,加强政策的针对性。     

中国经济增长与环境质量的关系研究——基于240个城市的双门槛效应检验

利用我国2003—2015年的城市面板数据,从"经济水平"和"经济结构"两个维度对240个城市进行门限回归分组,在有效化解EKC"异质性"问题的基础上考察了我国经济增长与环境质量的关系。研究发现:门限回归的分组方法能有效化解EKC检验中的"异质性"问题,确保检验结论更准确;城市经济水平越高,EKC检验中拐点水平值越大;城市工业比重越高,拐点水平值也越大;经济水平和工业比重都大的城市,拐点水平值也越大;相比于经济结构,经济水平对拐点值起的决定性作用更大。该研究有效地化解了EKC检验中的"异质性"问题,对准确了解我国经济发展与环境质量的关系,合理把握各城市环境规制的方向和力度具有重要意义。     

昆明市工业“三废”排放的环境库兹涅茨曲线特征分析

根据昆明市1995-2006年历年环境污染指标的统计数据和历年人均GDP统计数据,构建人均GDP与环境污染(工业"三废"排放量)之间的计量模型,并在此基础上分析工业"三废"排放量与人均GDP增长的关系.研究表明,昆明市经济增长与环境污染(工业"三废"排放量)之间并不都是标准的环境库兹涅茨曲线(倒"U"型)关系,而是呈现出倒"U"型和正"U"型两种环境库兹涅茨类型.     

中国环境污染的库兹涅茨曲线检验——基于1997～2006年的面板数据的实证分析

选取我国1997～2006年间省际大气污染、污水和固体废弃物（“三废”）等环境质量指标的面板数据,对中国经济发展与环境污染关系进行了库兹涅茨曲线检验。实证分析表明,在时间区间内经济增长对环境质量有缓慢的改善作用,其他因素对“三废”指标的作用并不确定。发展指标与环境指标更多地呈现N或倒N型曲线关系,环境库兹涅茨曲线在中国省级层面面板数据层面并不成立。     

城市发展与水环境污染的研究

本文研究了城市发展与水环境污染的关系。运用灰色关联分析表明,对水污染排放的影响程度大小依次为:人口密度(γ1=0.4456)工业发展(γ3=0.3498)环保投入(γ2=0.2656)。通过弹性系数预测法分析了上海废水排放与人均GDP的发展趋势。     

哈密市大气环境库兹涅茨曲线特征分析

以哈密市1988—2006年经济增长（GDP）和大气环境质量数据为研究对象,分析各类典型大气污染指标与人均GDP之间的关系,建立哈密市大气环境污染物排放浓度与人均GDP增长之间的回归模型,结果表明：哈密市SO2、NO2、TSP排放浓度与人均GDP增长之间基本符合标准的倒“U”型的环境库兹涅茨曲线特征。     

经济集聚、收入差距对水污染影响的时空分析——基于中介效应和动态空间门槛效应检验

本研究将经济集聚、收入差距和化学需氧量（COD）排放强度纳入统一框架下，构建时空双向固定效应的动态空间杜宾模型（DSDM）和门槛空间动态面板模型（SDPTM），通过中国2011-2020年省级面板数据实证检验，考察经济集聚和收入差距对COD排放强度的影响机制。研究发现：①经济集聚呈“先促排、后减排”的倒“U”形特征，具有本地空间减排效应和空间溢出减排效应；②收入差距呈非线性的倒“N”形特征，具有本地空间减排效应，经济集聚在收入差距对COD排放的影响中存在门槛效应，当经济集聚超过门槛值1.1164时，收入差距的促排和减排效应均明显增强；③收入差距呈倒“N”形特征，具有空间溢出减排效应，且收入差距的长期空间溢出减排效应明显减弱；④收入差距在经济集聚时对COD排放强度的影响中起部分中介效应；⑤COD排放强度具有显著的时间和空间路径依赖性，经济集聚对COD排放的空间依赖特征的影响具有显著的区域异质性。     

四川省工业结构的水污染效应及对策分析

通过对四川省主要工业行业经济和污染贡献率（水）的剖析、污染物排放强度与全国平均水平的比较，反映出四川省工业结构的水污染效应状况——支柱产业经济效益差、水污染贡献大、产业结构不合理是造成水环境问题的主导因素；继而提出通过产业结构的优化和升级来控制水环境污染、协调经济和环境发展的对策和建议。     

巢湖水污染现状及防治对策

随着全面加快建设合肥都市圈,安徽省将迎来一个持续的经济高速增长时期,不可避免地增大巢湖水环境污染防治的压力。本研究分析了巢湖水污染现状及引起湖泊污染的主要因素,并针对性地提出减少工业和市政污水的排放和控制城市、农业和森林的径流以及湖体水环境修复及治理等措施。     

Disaggregated energy consumption,environment, and economic growth nexus of emerging South and East Asian Countries: An ARDL approach

This study examines the nexus between disaggregated energy consumption (EC), CO₂ emissions, and economic growth in emerging South and East Asian countries over the period of 1994 to 2019. The long-run equilibrium relationship is determined by using the “Autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) model” and the “Generalized least square (GLS) technique.” The panel causality test developed by “Dumitrescu and Hurlin, 2012” determines the direction of causation between variables. Disaggregated EC and CO₂ emissions positively affect economic growth in the research. The PMG estimate also validates the GLS findings, which produce the same results as the PMG estimation. To check the robustness, we also use FMOLS and DOLS estimators. The results confirm the feedback hypothesis for South and East Asian nations regarding energy uses, CO₂ emissions, and economic growth. In contrast, there is unidirectional causality between industrial development and economic growth. These findings will help governments in South and East Asia craft effective energy policy regulations for their financial institutions.     

A panel study on the relationship between biofuels production and sustainable development

Biomass is one of the renewable energy sources on which policy makers are greatly dependent on since it is a flexible feedstock capable of conversion into electricity, transport liquid fuels and heat by chemical and biological processes on demand. Though numerous publications have examined the relationship of economic growth with renewable energy and other parameters, biomass energy has never been included in these studies. Then, this study examines the causal relationship within a multivariate panel cointegration/error correction framework which combines the cross-section and time series data while allowing for heterogeneity across different provinces. After employing panel data regression model ranging from 2003 through 2012 to examine the relationships of biofuels production with sustainable development in China, the paper concludes that the development of biofuel energy production integrated with the consideration of the improvement of income per capita, and the attraction of more capital investment, does make a significant contribution to economic growth. However, some negative side effects including the increase of greenhouse emissions and the decrease of marginal land still coexist with the economic development. Of course, the importance of these findings lies on their implications and their adoption on strategic policies.     

基于三角白化权函数的城市工业污染灰色聚类评估——以江苏省为例

以工业＂三废＂（废气、废水和固体废弃物）为研究对象,选取废气、二氧化硫、烟尘、粉尘、废水、化学需氧量（COD）、氨氮、固体废弃物和危险废弃物等9个具体指标建立城市工业污染评价指标体系。基于三角白化权函数,将江苏省13个城市的工业污染情况分成不同灰类进行综合聚类评估。研究表明,受规模效应、结构效应和广义技术效应的影响,南京、苏州和无锡属于相对严重污染,常州、镇江、扬州、泰州、南通、淮安和徐州属于一般污染,盐城、宿迁和连云港属于相对轻微污染。     

Heterogeneous effects of urbanization and environment Kuznets curve hypothesis in Africa

This work explores the heterogeneous effect of urbanization and nonrenewable energy consumption on the environment in 54 African nations. Panel data were used from 1996 to 2019. For estimation, panel quantile regression analysis, augmented mean group, panel threshold regression, and the environment Kuznets curve hypothesis were applied to check the relationship between income and carbon emissions. The study's outcome demonstrates that urbanization and nonrenewable energy consumption degrade the environment in Africa. Furthermore, an inverted U-shape relationship exists between economic growth and CO₂ emissions, confirming the environmental Kuznets curve hypothesis. The findings indicate that urbanization should be planned; otherwise, urbanization can cause environmental degradation. African countries must adopt green urbanization and use renewable energy and clean manufacturing technologies. The institutions are encouraged to execute the standard, regulatory environment, and policies to reduce carbon emissions. Countries throughout the African continent should actively respond to the issues by charting a separate and diverse route for urban development.     

山东省南四湖流域三次产业排污与全省平均水平比较研究

运用2001-2009年的阶段统计数据,选取单位农业增加值——农药、化肥使用量,单位工业增加值——工业废水排放量、工业COD排放量、工业氨氮排放量,第三产业增加值——生活废水排放量、COD排放量、氨氮排放量等系列水环境排污指标,对南四湖流域和山东省的产业排污状况进行了比较分析。分析结果显示:南四湖流域的工业排污总体上已得到良好的控制,但农业和第三产业还有待加强,南四湖流域内不同地市间存在一定差异性,今后的环保控制重点可因地制宜地选择。     

Causal interactions between environmental degradation,renewable energy,nuclear energy and real GDP: a dynamic panel data approach

Renewable energy as well as nuclear energy are low carbon power that presents the life cycle emissions of greenhouse gases than fossil fuel energy. However, analyzing the relationship between the consumption of renewable energy, consumption of nuclear energy, CO₂ emissions and economic growth is crucial for the economic and energy policy decision; we address this question for developed countries. This paper deals with the relationships between nuclear energy, environmental degradation, real GDP and renewable energy. We apply a panel data model for a global panel consisting of nine developed countries during the period 1990–2013. The group studied consists of Canada, France, Japan, Netherlands, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, UK and the USA. The empirical findings suggest that: (1) a causal link between emissions and real income, (2) a unidirectional causality running from renewable energy to nuclear energy, (3) a unidirectional causal relationship running from capital to environmental degradation, (4) a unidirectional causal relationship running from income to nuclear energy consumption, since the growth hypothesis is valid, (5) a unidirectional causality running from capital to income, (6) no an outstanding role of renewable energy use in the contribution of CO₂ emissions.     

Chemical industry wastewater treatment

Treatment of chemical industrial wastewater from building and construction chemicals factory and plastic shoes manufacturing factory was investigated. The two factories discharge their wastewater into the public sewerage network. The results showed the wastewater discharged from the building and construction chemicals factory was highly contaminated with organic compounds. The average values of chemical oxygen demand (COD) and biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) were 2912 and 150 mgO₂/l. Phenol concentration up to 0.3 mg/l was detected. Chemical treatment using lime aided with ferric chloride proved to be effective and produced an effluent characteristics in compliance with Egyptian permissible limits. With respect to the other factory, industrial wastewater was mixed with domestic wastewater in order to lower the organic load. The COD, BOD values after mixing reached 5239 and 2615 mgO₂/l. The average concentration of phenol was 0.5 mg/l. Biological treatment using activated sludge or rotating biological contactor (RBC) proved to be an effective treatment system in terms of producing an effluent characteristic within the permissible limits set by the law. Therefore, the characteristics of chemical industrial wastewater determine which treatment system to utilize. Based on laboratory results engineering design of each treatment system was developed and cost estimate prepared.     

Source identification and characterization of the accumulating non-biodegradable organics in Korean reservoirs

An increase in the chemical oxygen demand (COD) has been noticed in most Korean reservoirs. Therefore, this research systematically investigated the causes of organic accumulation. Samples of soil affecting the quality of water of reservoirs were collected at various sources and analyzed for their organic characteristics. The COD to biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) ratio was used as the key parameter in the evaluation of non-biodegradable (NBD) organic accumulation in the reservoirs. Soil samples containing plant roots were agitated, with the supernatant showing COD/BOD ratios of less than 2.8, while those of the composted tree leaves were greater than 5.0, suggesting that humic substances produced in forest areas are a major cause of NBD organic accumulation in reservoirs. In addition, the organic fractionation of the leachate from leaching tests showed that of the various types of hydrophobic natural organic matter (NOM), the larger molecular weight humic acid makes a greater contribution than fulvic acid to the increase in the NBD COD in Korean reservoirs.