肾脏黏液性管状和梭形细胞癌的临床病理特征

目的 探讨肾脏黏液性管状和梭形细胞癌(MTSCC)的临床病理特征、组织发生和预后.方法 收集5例肾MTSCC进行组织病理学、组织化学、免疫组织化学(EnVision)及电镜观察,随访3～52个月,并复习相关文献.结果 5例患者女性4例,男性1例.3例因腰酸、腰部不适而就诊,2例系体检偶然发现.大体观察:肿瘤与周围组织分界清楚,切面实性,灰白灰黄或灰红色,1例高级别MTSCC切面可见明显坏死.镜下观察:低级别MTSCC主要由小管状结构、梭形细胞及黏液样基质构成,细胞形态较温和,核分裂象稀少.1例高级别MTSCC细胞呈梭形或多边形,未见小管状及黏液样基质,细胞明显异形,核分裂象易见.免疫组织化学染色显示,波形蛋白(5/5)、CKpan(5/5)、CK7(5/5)、CK19(5/5)、34βE12(1/5)、上皮细胞膜抗原(EMA,5/5)、E-cadherin(3/5)、CD10(1/5)、P504S(5/5)、CAM5.2(5/5)有阳性表达;Ki-67阳性指数4例小于或等于5%,1例高级别者达15%.超微结构显示管腔内可见短的微绒毛,局部核膜有内陷.4例随访3～52个月,未见肿瘤复发和转移.结论 肾MTSCC好发于女性,是一种罕见的肾肿瘤,临床多为低级别MTSCC,预后良好;对高级别MTSCC患者因其预后较差,手术后须密切随访观察.

Abstract：

Objective To investigate the clinicopathological features, histogenesis and prognosis of mucinous tubular and spindle cell carcinoma (MTSCC). Methods Five MTSCCs were studied with histochemical, immunohistochemical staining, electron microscopy, and review of the related literatures. Results Four cases of MTSCC were females and one was male. Three patients presented with flank discomfort and two were incidentally found with health examination. In gross examination, the tumors were circumscribed. The cut surface was solid, gray-white, yellow or red. Necrosis was present in one case of high-grade MTSCC. Microscopically, low-grade MTSCC was mainly consisted of tubular, spindle cell and mucinous stroma with relatively bland morphology, and mitoses were rare. While in the high-grade area of one case, the cells were spindle or polymorphic with severe atypia and high mitotic activity, without mucinous stroma and tubular structure. Mucin was positive for Alcian blue. The neoplastic cells were positive for vimentin (5/5), CKpan (5/5), CK7 (5/5), CK19 (5/5), 34βE12 (1/5), EMA (5/5), E-cadherin (3/5),CD10 (1/5), P504S (5/5), and CAM5.2 (5/5). The Ki-67 index was low (≤5%) in the low-grade component, while it was high (15%) in the high-grade component. Ultrastructural study showed short microvilli along glandular lumens. The nuclear membrane was focally invaginated. Four cases were followed up for 3 to 52 months, and recurrence and metastasis were not found.Conclusions MTSCC occurs predominantly in females and it is a rare kidney neoplasm. Most of MTSCCs are low-grade and the prognosis is relatively good. However, the patients of high-grade MTSCC should be closely followed up.     

肾脏混合性上皮间质肿瘤

目的探讨肾脏混合性上皮间质肿瘤的临床病理特征。方法观察4例肾脏混合性上皮间质肿瘤的临床资料、镜下及免疫组织化学特点。结果患者3例女性,1例男性。临床表现主要为腰部不适和血尿,影像学检查示肾脏囊实性占位性病变。病理检查：肉眼肿瘤呈囊实性结构,镜下肿瘤由上皮和间质成分共同构成。上皮细胞可呈立方状、柱状、鞋钉样;其中1例上皮成分呈苗勒管上皮分化和肠上皮分化。间质成分为梭形细胞,并可见特征性呈束状分布的平滑肌组织和厚壁血管。免疫组织化学：上皮细胞AE1／AE3阳性,间质细胞雌激素受体（ER）、孕激素受体（PR）、平滑肌肌动蛋白（SMA）阳性。患者行肾切除术,术后随访未见复发。结论肾脏混合性上皮间质肿瘤为具有独特组织病理学特点的良性肿瘤,需要和肾脏其他良恶性肿瘤鉴别。     

脾脏硬化性血管瘤样结节性转化病理形态观察

目的探讨脾脏硬化性血管瘤样结节性转化的临床病理表现及诊断、鉴别诊断。方法对4例脾脏硬化性血管瘤样结节性转化进行常规HE及免疫组织化学（EnVision法）观察并结合文献讨论。结果脾脏硬化性血管瘤样结节性转化的最大特征是在纤维硬化间质中形成多个血管瘤样结节。结节为单个或多个融合,周围为增生纤维组织包绕。结节中央可见裂隙样或不规则形或略为扩张的血管腔构成,内衬肿胀的内皮细胞。血管腔隙之间为梭形细胞和卵圆形细胞。免疫组织化学显示结节内为CD34阳性表达的小血管及少量CD8阳性表达的窦性腔隙,CD31阳性表达的内皮细胞数量多,并构成复杂的网状结构,局灶性内衬细胞CD68亦为阳性,平滑肌肌动蛋白阳性细胞成簇分布在血管腔隙之间,结节间梭形细胞局灶性肌动蛋白阳性,但结蛋白、CD21、CD35阴性。结论脾脏硬化性血管瘤样结节性转化是一种少见的良性病变,有其特征的临床病理表现,应注意与脾脏其他类型肿瘤及瘤样病变鉴别。     

甲状腺呈胸腺样分化癌病理观察

目的 探讨甲状腺呈胸腺样分化癌（CASTLE）的病理特征、诊断及鉴别诊断。方法 分析2例甲状腺CASTLE的临床表现,对标本进行病理学和免疫组织化学（EnVision^TM法）染色观察。结果 大体检查肿瘤呈质硬灰白色略旱分叶状肿块。光镜下肿瘤组织呈轮廓清楚的巢状,巢间可见丰富的促结缔组织增生性间质。肿瘤细胞呈多边形或梭形,胞质轻度嗜酸,核卵圆形,呈空泡状,有清楚的小核仁,核异型性较轻,核分裂象1～2／10HPF。免疫组织化学肿瘤细胞表达CD5及CD117。结论 CASTLE是一种少见的甲状腺恶性肿瘤,有一定的病理学特征。应与甲状腺未分化癌、甲状腺鳞状细胞癌、转移性淋巴上皮瘤样癌及滤泡树突细胞肉瘤等鉴别。免疫组织化学CD5等标记对鉴别诊断有帮助。     

肾脏黏液性管状和梭形细胞癌的临床及病理学特点

目的 探讨肾脏黏液性管状和梭形细胞癌的临床病理学特点.方法 分析7例肾脏黏液性管状和梭形细胞癌的临床特点、组织形态及免疫表型特点[CD10、CK7、CK18、CK19、Villin、上皮细胞膜抗原(EMA)、P504S和波形蛋白],并复习相关文献.结果 7例黏液性管状和梭形细胞癌中,男性3例,女性4例,平均年龄48.2岁(39～61岁).均为体检时发现肿瘤,肿瘤最大径平均5.5 cm(4.0～9.0 cm),术后随访18～51个月,得到随访资料的5例均无复发及转移.肿瘤大体切面均为实性、灰白色,无包膜,但与周围肾组织分界清晰.镜下观察肿瘤细胞主要由两种形态构成:均一的由立方细胞构成的紧密排列的小管状结构和梭形细胞成分.两种成分比例或多或少,交错分布,其中5例伴有黏液样基质,3例见到明显的透明细胞区域,1例可见灶状肉瘤样区域,1例见乳头状结构及泡沫细胞.免疫组织化学染色显示,7例肿瘤CK7均呈阳性表达,EMA、CK18和P504S在染色的5例中全部呈阳性表达,CK19在染色的5例中有4例表达,而CD10、Villin和波形蛋白表达差异较大.结论 肾脏黏液性管状和梭形细胞癌是一种低度恶性的多形性肿瘤,组织形态学谱系较宽,不典型的病例可以主要由两种成分之一构成,并缺少黏液,有些病例可见到透明细胞、乳头状结构,少数可见肉瘤样形态及坏死.免疫表型上对于从近曲小管到集合管的标志物均有表达.

Abstract：

Objective To investigate the clinical and pathological features of the mucinous tubular and spindle cell carcinoma (MTSCC) of the kidney. Methods Seven cases of MTSCC were analyzed by gross examination and light microscopy. Immunostaining was performed to detect the expression of CD10, CK7, CK18, CK19, Villin, EMA, P504S and vimentin. The literature on this tumor was reviewed to discuss the histological features of MTSCC and its clinical behavior. Results Three of 7 cases were male and the other 4 were female. The mean age of the patients was 48.2 years old, with a range from 39 to 61 years. All the patients presented no symptom and their tumors were found by health examination. Tumors averaged 5.5 cm in greatest dimension (range from 4.0 cm to 9.0 cm). The tumors were well-circumscribed without capsules, and the cut surfaces were solid and soft with white-tan color. By light microscopy, tumors were composed of tightly packed, small, elongated tubules with transitions to spindle cell components. Five cases had mucinous stroma. Clear cell clusters, focal sarcomatoid differentiation, papillations and foamy macrophages were seen in several cases. Immunohistochemically, all 7 cases showed positive for CK7, five of 5 cases positive for EMA, CK18 and P504S, four of 5 cases positive for CK19, but heterogeneous for CD10, villin and vimentin expression. No evidence of local recurrence or distant metastases was identified in the 5 patients with follow-up information. Conclusions The mucinous tubular and spindle cell carcinoma is a low-grade and polymorphic neoplasm. The morphology of these tumors may not be uniform with a wide histological spectrum. The tumors can be tubular predominant or spindle cells predominant with scant to abundant mucinous stroma, which coupled with the presence of other unusual features such as clear cells, papillations, foamy macrophages, necrosis and sarcomatoid differentiation. Immunohistochemically, MTSCC can express the markers from the proximal convoluted tubules to collecting tubules.     

散发性肾血管母细胞瘤临床病理观察

目的 探讨散发性肾血管母细胞瘤的临床病理特征、免疫表型、诊断及鉴别诊断.方法 对2010和2013年收集的2例散发性肾血管母细胞瘤患者临床资料、组织学、免疫组织化学(EliVision法)等进行观察分析,并复习相关文献.结果 例1为40岁男性,例2为45岁女性,体检发现右肾占位.大体均为右肾中极外突性肿物,切面灰红灰褐色,边界清楚.镜下由两种成分构成:即不同成熟阶段的毛细血管和毛细血管网之间丰富的间质细胞.例1为细胞亚型,以间质细胞为主;例2为网状亚型,以毛细血管网为主.免疫组织化学显示间质细胞波形蛋白、神经元特异性烯醇化酶、S-100蛋白及α抑制素均为阳性,CK以及HMB45、Melan A、CD56、突触素、上皮细胞膜抗原均为阴性,Ki-67阳性指数＜1％,CD34血管壁阳性.结论 散发性肾血管母细胞瘤是肾原发性良性间叶性肿瘤,临床罕见,诊断主要依赖特征性的形态学表现,并通过免疫组织化学与临床检查除外其他疾病.     

血管瘤样纤维组织细胞瘤病理诊断与鉴别诊断

目的 探讨血管瘤样纤维组织细胞瘤(angiomatoid fibrous histiocytoma)的临床病理特点、免疫表型、病理诊断与鉴别诊断要点.方法 收集5例血管瘤样纤维组织细胞瘤,分析其临床特点,观察病理组织学形态及免疫表型特征,并复习相关文献.结果 临床特点:5例患者中男性3例,女性2例,平均年龄21.4岁,平均病程约13个月.主要表现为真皮深层或皮下缓慢生长的无痛性肿块,3例位于头颈部,1例位于肘部,1例位于足部,均行完整切除,术后未予放疗和化疗等辅助治疗,随访10～29个月,无一例复发和转移.病理检查:5例均为单发肿块,瘤体最大径平均1.9 cm,周界清楚,切面呈灰褐色,质实,较硬,有不规则出血性囊腔.镜下观察:瘤细胞主要呈组织细胞样、梭形,略呈结节状分布,5例均有假血管样腔隙,3例有较厚纤维性假包膜及周围淋巴细胞浆细胞浸润.免疫组织化学:5例均表达波形蛋白,3例表达结蛋白,3例表达CD68,2例表达上皮细胞膜抗原,2例表达CD99,5例均不表达S-100蛋白、CKpan、CD34和CD31.结论 血管瘤样纤维组织细胞瘤是一种罕见的交界性肿瘤,其诊断主要依靠病理形态学特征,免疫组织化学标记有助于诊断和鉴别诊断;局部适当扩大切除,术后随访患者是主要处理原则.     

肾透明细胞肉瘤的临床病理及免疫表型特征

目的 探讨肾透明细胞肉瘤（clear cell sarcoma of the kidney,CCSK）的临床病理特点、免疫表型特征及鉴别诊断。方法 应用HE和免疫组化vimentin、bcl-2、desmin、S-100蛋白、CD99、CD34、CDll7、CK、EMA染色,观察2例CCSK的病理组织学形态,并复习文献。结果 镜下见瘤细胞为上皮样或短梭形,被分枝状纤维血管间质分隔成巢团状,部分区域见黏液样变性微囊肿和细胞外胶原玻璃样变类似骨样组织的硬化型等形态变异。免疫组化示：瘤细胞vimentin和bcl-2弥漫阳性,余为阴性。结论 CCSK是一种罕见的儿童期恶性肾肿瘤,诊断主要依靠组织病理学和免疫组化,熟悉其形态学变异有利于与其它类似病变如肾母细胞瘤、先天性中胚叶肾瘤、肾恶性横纹肌样瘤、原始神经外胚叶肿瘤等鉴别。     

肝脏上皮样血管内皮瘤临床病理观察

目的 探讨肝脏上皮样血管内皮瘤(epithelioid hemangioendothelioma,EHE)的临床病理特点和鉴别诊断要点.方法 结合文献对3例肝脏EHE的临床资料、病理特征、免疫表型及治疗预后进行分析.结果 3例均为女性,年龄分别70、75和36岁.2例为肝脏内多发,1例为单发.典型的组织学特征表现为短梭形上皮样细胞伴多量胶原化的纤维间质,肿瘤细胞形成网眼状结构,并可见印戒样细胞,胞质内可包含单个红细胞.肿瘤呈浸润性生长,延肝窦及肝内小血管生长.免疫表型:vimentin(+++)、FⅧRAg(+++)、CD34(++)、CD31(++)、D2-40(++).而CK、CK7、CK8/18、Hep-1、AFP均(-).结论 肝脏EHE是一种罕见的肿瘤并且预后有差别,部分病例可迅速死亡.D2-40在肿瘤中有一定的阳性表达,是鉴别诊断中有价值的标记物.     

子宫上皮样滋养细胞肿瘤临床病理分析

目的 探讨子宫上皮样滋养细胞肿瘤(ETT)的临床病理特征及鉴别诊断,及其与预后相关因素.方法 回顾浙江大学附属妇产科医院2000-2007年间共5例ETT病例,分析其临床病理及CK18、p63、α-抑制素、人绒毛膜促性腺激素(HCG)、人胎盘泌乳素(HPL)、胎盘碱性磷酸酶(PLAP)、Ki-67等免疫表型特征.对所有病例随访11～50个月,并简要分析预后相关因素.结果 5例ETT病例均为生育年龄妇女,平均年龄33岁,发生率占同期妊娠滋养细胞疾病0.48%(5/1037).镜下见肿瘤由相对一致的单核滋养细胞排列成结节状浸润生长,肿瘤细胞巢中可见玻璃样物质.肿瘤坏死较常见,典型者可呈地图状坏死.肿瘤细胞CKl8、p63弥漫阳性,HCG、HPL、PLAP灶性阳性或阴性.α-抑制素表现为阳性或阴性.随访期间,死亡2例:1例核分裂象达15/10 HPF,发病1年后死亡,另1例发生肺转移,2年后死亡.结论 ETT是一种罕见的滋养细胞疾病,具有独特的组织形态和免疫表型特征,核分裂象高与发生肺转移的病例预后可能较差.     

肾球旁细胞瘤五例临床病理分析

目的 研究肾球旁细胞瘤(JGCT)的病理形态学特点和免疫组织化学表型,提出诊断要点并探讨其组织发生。方法 采用光镜、电镜观察和免疫组织化学(链霉素抗生物素蛋白-过氧化物酶法)结合临床资料对5例肾球旁细胞瘤进行临床病理学分析,同时与血管外皮瘤、皮肤血管球瘤各5例的免疫组织化学结果进行对照。结果 JGCT女性4例,男性1例,平均年龄32．2岁,均有高血压症状。4例行肿瘤切除术,1例行肾根治术,随访4～66个月(平均27个月),5例均无复发和转移。肿瘤位于肾实质,界清,平均大小4．4cm,组织学上有以下特点：(1)瘤组织实性片状分布,细胞圆形、小多边形,大小较一致,胞质淡伊红,部分细胞含PAS阳性的嗜酸性颗粒;(2)核分裂象罕见或无;(3)间质富含薄壁血管,少量玻璃样变小血管,形成血管外皮瘤样结构,散在肥大细胞分布。电镜下找到特征性的菱形分泌颗粒。免疫组织化学结果为．JGCT瘤细胞强阳性表达肾素、CD34、肌动蛋白和calponin,而血管球瘤肾素表达阴性,血管外皮瘤肌动蛋白表达阴性。结论 IGCT是一种好发于青壮年的良性肾肿瘤,起源于演化了的动脉平滑肌细胞。确诊IGCT的关键是证实肾素分泌颗粒,对肾占位伴有高血压的患者,免疫组织化学CD34、肌动蛋白和calponin阳性在诊断中也具重要意义。     

肾透明细胞肉瘤的临床病理学研究

目的：探讨肾透明细胞肉瘤的临床病理,免疫组织化学,电镜特点和组织起源及预后,方法：对45例患儿（男31例,女14例,年龄3个月至12岁,平均3．2岁）肿瘤标本,用HE,免疫组织化学（LSAB法）和电镜技术进行观察。结果：45例患儿中,35例随访6－192个月,骨转移15例,,肺,肝等转移6例,8例复发,20例死亡。年龄和临床分期与存活率有关。典型的组织学形态为胞质浅染,核染色质细腻,核仁不清楚的片状瘤树枝状分布的纤维血管间质分隔,此外还可见粘液型,梭形细胞型,栅栏状型,上皮样型,硬化型,富于细胞型,囊肿型和血管扩张型等组织亚型结构,免疫组织化学;45例均表达波形蛋白,上皮膜抗原,细胞角蛋白,结蛋白,肌动蛋白,S－100蛋白,神经元特异性烯醇化酶,CD99,CD34和白细胞共抗原均为阴性,电镜下9例均显示瘤细胞细胞连接很原始,细胞器相对较少。结论：肾透明细胞肉瘤好发于儿童,具特殊的病理形态,可能起源于肾原始间质细胞,易发生骨;转移,死亡率高,为预后差的儿童肾肿瘤。     

后肾间质肿瘤的病理观察

目的观察后肾间质肿瘤的临床病理表现,探讨其有病理诊断价值的组织学特征。方法对2例后肾间质肿瘤进行HE染色及免疫组织化学染色（EnVision法）,并进行观察。结果后肾间质肿瘤为单侧性肾占位,肿瘤位于肾髓质,边界清,呈“扇贝形”与相邻肾组织连接。镜下主要表现为：肿瘤内可见单个的肾小球和肾小管,梭形或星形肿瘤细胞呈“葱皮样”围绕肾小管和肾血管排列,细胞分布不均匀,在低倍镜下形成“结节样”图像;大部分肿瘤中内陷的小血管壁发育不良。肿瘤细胞CD34阳性表达。结论近肾小管区细胞和血管组成的“结节样”图像和CD34阳性是具有诊断和鉴别诊断价值的组织学特征。     

肾恶性横纹肌样瘤15例临床病理及免疫组织化学分析

报道１５例肾恶性横纹肌样瘤（ＭＲＴＫ）的临床病理及免疫组化特点。男女之比为２．８：１。年龄４个月至４岁７个月，平均１岁零６个月。随访１０例，８例均于术后半年内死１０亡，２例健在。典型组织学改变为细胞弥漫排列，多边形，胞浆丰富嗜酸性，核仁突出。部分细胞胞浆内有嗜酸性包涵体，部分病例可见上皮样排列，间质硬化及梭形细胞成分。免疫组化显示１５例Ｖｉｍｅｎｔｉｎ（＋），１２例ＥＭＡ（＋），８例Ｃｙｔｏｋｅｒａｔｉｎ（＋）。结果提示，本瘤是一种好发于婴幼儿、预后差、多表现型的恶性肾肿瘤。可能来源于某种具有双向分化能力的多潜能细胞。     

肾混合性上皮间质肿瘤和成人囊性肾瘤的临床病理学观察

目的 探讨肾混合性上皮间质肿瘤(MEST)和成人囊性肾瘤的临床病理学特点、免疫表型和鉴别诊断.方法 通过HE和免疫组织化学染色(EnVision法)分析5例MEST和4例囊性肾瘤,并复习有关文献.结果 5例MEST均为女性,中位年龄45岁;囊性肾瘤中男性3例,女性1例,中位年龄41岁;临床表现为腰痛或血尿.大体观察:MEST界清无包膜,切面未见明显出血坏死,其中3例旱实性,1例呈囊实性,另1例呈多囊性其间为厚的纤维分隔;囊性肾瘤有包膜,切面呈多囊性,囊壁薄,无实区和坏死厌.镜下观察:MEST由不等量增生、囊性扩张的腺上皮与不同排列方式的梭形间质细胞混合组成,两种细胞成分无明显异形,2例局部衬覆子宫内膜样或输卵管样上皮;囊性肾瘤为多房囊腔组织,囊壁薄,内衬单层上皮.免疫表型:9例上皮细胞CKpan、上皮细胞膜抗原(EMA)均呈阳性表达;MEST间质梭形细胞波形蛋白(5/5)、平滑肌肌动蛋白(SMA,3/5)、结蛋白(4/5)、CD10(5/5)、ER(4/5)和PR(4/5)呈阳性表达,HMB45、CD34、CD117和S-100蛋白呈阴性;囊性肾瘤间质成分波形蛋白(4/4)、SMA(4/4)、结蛋白(1/4)阳性,ER(3/4)和PR(1/4)少量细胞阳性,CDIO、HMB45、CD34、CDll7和S-100蛋白呈阴性.结论 (1)MEST和囊性肾瘤均是少见的肾脏肿瘤,大多为良性.(2)MEST间叶细胞呈不同程度的平滑肌或肌纤维母细胞分化;2例有MaUerian管上皮分化特征.(3)MEST和成人囊性肾瘤在形态学和免疫表型上有很多相似性,可能为位于同一肿瘤谱系两端的肿瘤.     

Heavily melanotic perivascular epithelioid clear cell tumor of the kidney

A black-colored and well-circumscribed renal tumor in a 71-year-old woman is reported. The tumor was unique in that it was rich in vasculature and exclusively composed of perivascular epithelioid clear cells. Morphological features were reminiscent of conventional renal cell carcinoma (RCC). However, immunohistochemical examinations showed that the tumor cells did not express any epithelial markers, but diffusely and intensely expressed a melanocytic marker, gp-100/HMB-45. Another striking feature of the tumor was a large amount of cytoplasmic pigment that made the tumor wholly black. The pigment was not stained with Berlin-blue, completely bleached with potassium permanganate, and stained with Fontana-Masson staining, which suggests that the pigment was melanin. Morphological features and immunohistochemical findings indicated that the present tumor was an extreme example of a perivascular epithelioid clear cell tumor with a large amount of melanin, which has not been previously reported. One should be aware of the pure form of perivascular epithelioid clear cell tumor of the kidney because it is sometimes very difficult to differentiate this tumor from conventional RCC. Immunohistochemical examinations and the presence of cytoplasmic melanin can help the differentiation.     

Malignant pigmented clear cell epithelioid tumor of the kidney: clear cell ("sugar") tumor versus malignant melanoma

A 73-year-old woman presented with an hemorrhagic kidney tumor initially interpreted as a renal cell carcinoma (RCC). A retroperitoneal recurrence infiltrating the duodenal wall was made up of clear cells, some of which contained Fontana-Masson positive pigment, immunopositive for HMB-45, S-100 protein, actin, and vimentin. The same immunohistochemical profile was retrospectively reproduced in the kidney tumor, where melanosomes were also found ultrastructurally. Lipomatous differentiation was not observed. There was no history of malignant melanoma (MM), or stigmata of tuberous sclerosis. The patient died of disease 5 years after the initial diagnosis. This neoplasm can be considered as a malignant, pigmented, clear-cell epithelioid variant of angiomyolipoma, or "sugar" tumor of the kidney, with the peculiarity of having a previously unreported component of pigmented cells visible on light microscopy. This finding raises the possibility that the exceptional cases of MM reported in renal parenchyma may be pigmented variants of epithelioid angiomyolipoma rather than true MM.     

肾细胞癌的临床病理与免疫表型研究

目的 研究肾细胞癌的临床病理特征、预后及免疫表型特点.方法 复习114例肾细胞癌的临床病理资料、HE切片,按2004年WHO肾肿瘤分类标准重新分类、随访并进行免疫组织化学染色.结果 114例.肾细胞癌包括5个类型,肾透明细胞癌77例(67.5%)、乳头状肾癌11例(9.6%)、肾嫌色细胞癌14例(12.3%)、Xp11.2易位_/TFE3基因融合相关性肾癌10例(8.8%)、未能分类肾肿瘤2例(1.8%).免疫组织化学结果,肾透明细胞癌主要表达CK(93.5%,72/77)、CD10(93.5%,72/77)、波形蛋白(75.3%,58/77),乳头状肾癌主要表达α-甲酰基辅酶A消旋酶(AMACR,11/11),肾嫌色细胞癌主要表达CD117(11/14),Xp11.2易位/TFE3基因融合相关性肾癌TFE3、AMACR、CD10和CK的阳性率分别为10/10、10/10、9/10和7/10.结论 肾癌是一组形态学上各有特征的异质性肿瘤,在形态学基础上,CD10、波形蛋白、CD117、AMACR、CK7、TFE3有助于亚型的诊断.