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A diagnostic analysis is performed of the quasi-biennial oscillations during the ENSO cycle andthe results are based to study the interactions between ENSO and the Asian monsoons. It shows that the Asianmonsoons have significant influence on the ENSO cycle on the quasi-biennial scale. Materialized through theonset and southward progression of the winter monsoon, the influence appears in the tropical western Pacific toexcite severe convection and to further affect the ENSO cycle. The phenomenon is not only reflected in thequasi-biennial mode but the annual variation of the Asian winter monsoon in reality. 相似文献
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The Webster and Yang monsoon index (WYI)-the zonal wind shear between 850 and 200 hPa was calculated and modified on the basis of NCEP/NCAR reanalysis data. After analyzing the circulation and divergence fields of 150-100 and 200 hPa, however, we found that the 200-hPa level could not reflect the real change of the upper-tropospheric circulation of Asian summer monsoon, especially the characteristics and variation of the tropical easterly jet which is the most important feature of the upper-tropospheric circulation. The zonal wind shear U850-U(150 100) is much larger than U850-U200, and thus it can reflect the strength of monsoon more appropriately. In addition, divergence is the largest at 150 hPa rather than 200 hPa, so 150 hPa in the upper-troposphere can reflect the coupling of the monsoon system. Therefore, WYI is redefined as DHI, i.e., IDH=U850* - U(150 100)*, which is able to characterize the variability of not only the intensity of the center of zonal wind shear in Asia, but also the monsoon system in the upper and lower troposphere. DHI is superior to WYI in featuring the long-term variation of Asian summer monsoon as it indicates there is obvious interdecadal variation in the Asian summer monsoon and the climate abrupt change occurred in 1980. The Asian summer monsoon was stronger before 1980 and it weakened after then due to the weakening of the easterly in the layer of 150-100 hPa, while easterly at 200 hPa did not weaken significantly. After the climate jump year in general, easterly in the upper troposphere weakened in Asia, indicating the weakening of summer monsoon; the land-sea pressure difference and thermal difference reduced, resulting in the weakening of monsoon; the corresponding upper divergence as well as the water vapor transport decreased in Indian Peninsula, central Indo-China Peninsula, North China, and Northeast China, indicating the weakening of summer monsoon as well. The difference between NCEP/NCAR and ERA-40 reanalysis data in studying the intensity and long-term variation of Asian summer monsoon is also compared in the end for reference. 相似文献
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QBO形成过程中重力内波的活动特征 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
本文利用一个沿赤道的经度-高度二维原始方程模式,在下边界处采用一个东传、波数为1(波1E)和一个西传、波数为2(波2W),相速度绝对值均为31 m/s的两个波作为强迫波,对赤道平流层低层的大尺度运动进行了模拟,再现了平均纬向流的准两年周期振荡(QBO)式变化,振荡周期约为36个月,东西风带的最大风速达48 m/s,远远超过两个强迫波的相速度。波动分析表明,通过波与波的非线性相互作用,产生了许多新波,新波中波数为1的西传波(波1W)和波数为2的东传波(波2E)在QBO形成过程中起了一定的重要作用,强迫波1E和2W可分别将西风带和东风带加速到31 m/s,对于东风带,相速度约为91 m/s的波1W可进一步加速平均流到48 m/s];而对于西风带,波2E在20 km以下对平均流有一定的加速作用,最大风速的产生则是由波1E的自加速引起的。 相似文献
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利用美国NCEP/NCAR的月平均再分析资料,研究东亚-太平洋地区地面气压的耦合模态与东亚副热带季风异常的关系,结果表明:在亚洲大陆和北半球太平洋之间气压场的偶极子模态主要反映了东亚地区东西向气压梯度的异常.从20世纪60年代到70年代中期,东亚-太平洋的这种偶极子表现为蒙古地区气压偏低和太平洋地区气压偏高的特征,而从20世纪70年代后期到90年代,则表现为蒙古地区气压偏高和太平洋地区气压偏低的特征.在偶极子指数值较高的年份,冬季(或夏季)蒙古高压(或蒙古低压)和太平洋阿留申低压(或太平洋副热带高压)较强 相似文献
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初夏东亚—太平洋遥相关波列年际变化的一种物理机制 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
根据1978-2002年北半球500 hPa高度场、地表温度场以及中国夏季雨带类型资料,应用最小二乘法获得了能反映1978-2002年各年北半球大气环流演变大尺度特征的25组空间谱函数.采用改进的低截谱模式方法和多种统计假设检验方法获得了夏季东亚-太平洋遥相关波列年际变化的一个物理机制.结果表明,当大气环流的内部动力过程中大尺度波-波和波-流相互作用明显时,大气环流的演变表现出明显的非线性特征,导致初夏从低纬到高纬东亚-太平洋遥相关波列多为\"-、+、-\"分布,相应的-EAP指数多为正值,西太平洋副热带高压北跳明显,相应中国夏季多雨区主要位于淮河流域及其以北地区;反之,当大气环流的内部动力过程中大尺度波-波和波-流相互作用较弱时,大气环流的演变表现出较为明显的线性特征,初夏从低纬到高纬东亚-太平洋遥相关波列为\"+、-、+\"分布,EAP指数多为负值,夏季西太平洋副热带高压北进不明显,相应中国夏季多雨区主要位于淮河、长江流域及以南地区. 相似文献
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Based on the 500-hPa geopotential height, surface air temperature, and China summer rain-belt type data from 1978 to 2002, the spatial spectrum function sets which well represent the variation of large scale atmospheric circulations were obtained using the least square method. A mechanism for the interannual variation of the East Asia-Pacific teleconnection (EAP) wave train in early summer was identified with the low-order spectral method and the hypothesis-test method. The results indicate that, when nonlinear wave-wave and wave-flow interactions on large scale are stronger in the inner dynamic process of the atmosphere,there are obvious nonlinear features in the evolution of the atmospheric circulation, and the EAP exhibits a negative-positive-negative (\"- + -\") spatial distribution in low to high latitudes in early summer. The corresponding EAP index is positive, which leads to a northward shift of the western Pacific subtropical high (WPSH) and the China rain-belt is located in the Huaihe River valley and its north in summer. On the contrary,when nonlinear wave-wave and wave-flow interactions on large scale are weaker, there appears a linear feature in the evolution of the atmospheric circulation, and the EAP shows a positive-negative-positive(\"+ - +\") spatial distribution in low to high latitudes. The corresponding EAP index is negative, which inhibits the WPSH against moving northward, and the China rain-belt is located in the Huaihe and Yangtze River valleys and their south. 相似文献
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华南6月降水异常及其与东亚—太平洋遥相关的关系 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
利用1959~2010年共52年的大气环流和降水资料,我们分析了华南前汛期季风降水 (6月降水) 的变化特征,发现6月华南降水与同期EAP (East Asia-Pacific,东亚—太平洋) 遥相关型有显著的相关关系,两者之间的相关系数为0.35.EAP指数为正时,长江中下游以南的地区降水偏多,而长江以北和黄河之间的地区降水偏少.将华南6月降水分为与EAP相关的降水序列和与EAP独立的降水序列,比较了二者所对应环流异常的异同点.结果表明,与EAP相关的降水异常对应着EAP相关型的环流异常分布特征,降水为正异常时,850hPa风场从低纬度到高纬度呈现“反气旋、气旋、反气旋”的异常分布,湿的偏南风和干的偏北风在华南上空交汇,降水增多;而整个淮河流域上空为偏北风异常,导致南风带来的水汽输送减少,降水偏少,因此降水异常呈现偶极子分布.相比之下,与EAP独立的降水正异常对应的环流异常表现为热带西北太平洋上空的反气旋性环流异常,华南地区上空为显著的西南风异常,输送到华南地区的水汽增多,导致降水偏多. 相似文献
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根据形成机制的不同将平流层准零风层(Quasi-Zero Wind Layer,QZWL)划分为由平流层准两年周期振荡(Quasi-Biennial Oscillation,QBO)各高度处于不同位相形成的第一类QZWL和由于平流层低层经向温度梯度逆转而形成的第二类QZWL;利用ERA-40再分析资料分析了两类QZWL在不同季节中空间结构的变化规律,讨论了平流层QBO对两类QZWL年际变化产生的影响。研究结果表明:第一类QZWL集中出现在冬季赤道附近地区,第二类QZWL在夏季热带外地区和冬季20°N~40°N太平洋地区上空;QZWL夏季高度比冬季低约3 km,夏季QZWL出现高度比冬季稳定,约在50~70 hPa之间;由于受到QBO的直接影响,第一类QZWL出现的高度和纬度范围存在明显的年际变化,第二类QZWL受到QBO的影响主要体现在QBO西风位相年和东风位相年相比,冬季20°N~40°N范围内存在第二类QZWL的概率较高。 相似文献
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南海夏季风活动及其影响 总被引:62,自引:15,他引:62
资料分析及其同南亚(印度)夏季风的比较,指出建立的突发性和经向分量的重要性是南海夏季风活动的两个最基本特征。根据南海夏季风经向分量与纬向分量同样重要的特征,并考虑南海地区大气环流的基本形势,提出了用对流层高低层散度差构成季风指数,它可以更好地描写南海夏季风的活动。资料分析和大气环流模式(GCM)数值模拟试验都清楚地表明南海夏季风年际异常对大气环流和气候有极为重要的影响,不仅影响东亚地区,而且通过东亚-太平洋-美洲(PJ或称EPA)波列影响美国的天气气候变化。 相似文献
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中国东部夏季降水的准两年周期振荡及其成因 总被引:31,自引:13,他引:18
应用中国160测站降水资料和ERA-40再分析资料以及EOF和熵谱分析方法,分析了中国夏季(6~8月)降水和东亚水汽输送通量的年际变化,表明中国(特别是华南、长江流域和淮河流域以及华北等地区)夏季降水具有2~3 a周期变化特征,即准两年周期的振荡特征,并表明中国降水的这种周期振荡与东亚上空夏季风水汽输送通量的准两年周期振荡密切相关;并且,还利用NCEP/NCAR的海表温度和日本气象厅的沿137°E海温剖面观测资料,分析了热带西太平洋表层与次表层海温的年际变化,揭示了热带西太平洋热力状态的变化也有显著的准两年周期的变化特征.作者利用相关和集成分析来讨论热带西太平洋热状态的准两年周期振荡对中国夏季降水和东亚水汽输送的影响,表明了热带西太平洋海温的准两年周期振荡对东亚夏季风及其所驱动的水汽输送都有很大影响.此外,作者还利用东亚/太平洋型(EAP型)遥相关理论,简单地讨论了热带西太平洋热力状态的准两年周期振荡影响中国夏季风降水准两年周期变化的物理机制. 相似文献
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利用NCEP/NCAR北半球1958—1997年40a中平流层(10~70 hPa)逐日位势高度场再分析资料,计算出其余弦球函数~YC20的系数A20。根据A20稳定由负转正的日期,确定了中平流层各层环流由气旋型转换为反气旋型的日期。结果表明:1)由冬入夏,20 hPa环流最先由气旋型转换为反气旋型,平均为4月24日;6月17日向下传播到70hPa,历时54d,此时整个中平流层进入盛夏。2)50、70hPa环流转型日期具有明显的年代际变化特征。分析表明,50、70hPa环流转型日期与低纬平流层纬向风准两年振荡存在显著正相关关系。 相似文献
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中国华南春季季风及其与大尺度环流特征的关系 总被引:13,自引:2,他引:13
定义了中国华南春季季风,并用NCEP/NCAR再分析资料研究了春季风的气候特征以及春季风降水和大尺度环流在年际变化上的关系。结果表明,从降水和大气环流的变化来看,华南春季风在气候上发生于4月和5月;与华南春季风相联系的大气环流特征与夏季风和冬季风所对应的大气环流特征完全不同。华南春季风降水的年际变化主要与太平洋北部的异常环流相关联,而这种异常环流又与亚洲北部的西风急流和极地涡旋有联系;华南春季风降水的年际变化还与太平洋的海表温度异常有关;而亚洲热带大气环流的年际变化与华南春季风降水的变化关系不大。 相似文献
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南海夏季风槽是南海夏季风的重要组成部分,它的活动不仅对大气环流和气候有明显影响,其本身也具有明显的年际变化特征。首先定义了一个描写南海夏季风槽强度的指数,然后分别对强、弱南海夏季风槽年的例子进行了合成分析。分析结果表明,对应强、弱不同的南海夏季风槽年份,在大气环流背景、对流活动以及海温背景场方面都有很明显的区别,说明南海夏季风槽的异常不是偶然的,有其十分明显的大背景。合成分析的结果还表明,南海夏季风槽的强弱异常不仅对中国夏季降水有重要影响,还会通过遥相关过程影响北半球的其他区域。 相似文献
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罗会邦 《Acta Meteorologica Sinica》2000,(2)
Values of the net radiative heating(QRT)at the top of atmosphere(TOA)are derived from thesatellite-observed outgoing long wave radiation(OLR)and the TOA short wave net irradiance(SHT)for the region of the Tibetan Plateau and surrounding areas(40°S—40°N,0—180°E)and theperiod of months from January 1979 to December 1988.The anomalous QRT(QRTA)in relation tothe interannual variability of Asian monsoon is discussed.QRTA for the earth-atmosphere system inthe domain may be linked to the thermal contrasts between continents and oceans and between theplateau and surrounding free atmosphere. 相似文献
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近30余年来盛夏东亚东南季风和西南季风频率的年代际变化及其与青藏高原积雪的关系 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
利用地面观测资料和NCEP/NCAR再分析资料集,使用相关分析、合成分析等方法,在将地面风分为东南季风和西南季风的基础上,分析了近30余年来盛夏东亚季风频率的年代际变化特征。结果表明:盛夏东南季风、西南季风频率和前期春季青藏高原积雪均在21世纪初期发生了显著的年代际变化;东南季风、西南季风频率由较少改变为较多,春季青藏高原积雪则由深变浅。由于青藏高原积雪厚度发生了年代际变浅,说明青藏高原发生了年代际变暖和南亚高压变强,南亚高压的年代际变强,使得其下游对流层低层(18°~28°N,108°~118°E)的反气旋性环流异常增强,有利于东亚西南季风频率的增加;同时,由于高原发生湿反馈作用,使得淮河地区降水发生年代际变多,由Sverdrup涡度平衡关系,降水的异常增多通过潜热释放,使得东亚副热带高压异常加强,而副热带高压异常变强则有利于盛夏东亚东南季风频率发生年代际增加。 相似文献
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Luo Huibang 《Acta Meteorologica Sinica》1995,9(1):26-34
In this paper the relationships between the sea surface temperature (SST) of Xisha and that in the northern Indian and northern Pacific Oceans,the geopotential height at 500 hPa level of the Northern Hemisphere,and rainfall in China are studied statistically using data in the period of 1961-1992.Results show that in winter,the interannual variation in SST of Xisha describes that for a large oceanic region off the East Asia coast,and is closely related to the activity of East Asia winter monsoon.On the other hand,there exist very high values of auto-correlation of Xisha SST anomaly from December through the following July,but the anomalous condition is hardly correlated to that in the preceding autumn.The winter monsoon related anomalous SST condition in Xisha has a strong tendency to persist through the succeeding summer monsoon season with the same sign.In addition,correlation maps of monthly mean rainfall in China with respect to Xisha SST of the same month show positive correlations with confidence level above 95% to the east of 110°E and to the south of Changjiang (Yangtze) River during the months of October through April;the region becomes smaller in May and changes correlation sign in June;the positive correlation region is located in the middle and lower reaches of Changjiang River from July to September.The air-sea interaction plays an important role in these processes. 相似文献