管材壁厚对双直径圆管吸能元件成形与自由翻转的影响

利用ABAQUS 6.14软件模拟了在不同壁厚下,材料为20钢双直径圆管吸能元件的液压胀形、折叠和自由翻转的过程.并分析了不同壁厚下液压胀形与折叠后的壁厚分布,准静态压缩翻转变形模式以及准静态压缩时翻转力与翻转半径与推导公式之间的关系.结果表明:壁厚减薄程度与管材初始壁厚大小有关;20钢双直径圆管成形后发生轴向压缩时其自由翻转的模式多为内管外翻;推导的翻转力与翻转半径理论公式与实际测得翻转力与翻转半径的结果比较吻合.     

楔横轧反楔堆轧改善空心零件过渡轴肩的壁厚减薄

楔横轧随形轧制空心零件在过渡轴肩位置会产生壁厚减薄,降低零件的力学强度,改善轴肩的壁厚状况是必须解决的问题.本文基于有限元模拟方法,揭示空心零件成形时壁厚减薄的产生原因,提出采用楔横轧反楔堆轧改善轴肩壁厚的成形方法,分析反楔堆轧增加轴肩壁厚的主要影响因素,从而获得轴肩壁厚增厚的成形方法和最佳条件,实现了楔横轧随形轧制空心零件轴肩位置的显著增厚.通过轧制试验,验证了有限元模拟分析模型的可靠性.      

CT20钛合金薄壁管材数控冷弯成形行为研究

薄壁管材的小弯曲半径数控弯曲成形十分困难,外侧壁厚减薄是弯管成形中的加工缺陷之一,对于钛合金薄壁管尤为严重。采用模拟与实验相结合的方法,对规格为58 mm×1.5 mm的CT20钛合金管材数控弯曲成形过程中弯曲段的壁厚减薄进行了研究,得到相对弯曲半径对壁厚减薄的影响规律。结果表明,CT20钛合金管材冷弯成形时的极限相对弯曲半径(R/D)为2。     

Ti35合金管材数控弯曲成形规律有限元模拟研究

利用Abaqus有限元软件对新型耐蚀Ti35合金管材的数控弯曲过程进行了模拟研究。研究了弯曲角度、芯棒伸出量、压块相对助推速度和相对弯曲半径对Ti35合金管材成形结果的影响。结果表明,Ti35合金管材数控弯曲截面扁化率和回弹角随弯曲角度的增大而增大;弯曲变形越剧烈(如减小弯曲半径、压块相对助推速度,或增大芯棒伸出量),壁厚减薄率越大,回弹角越小。截面扁化率随芯棒伸出量、相对弯曲半径的增大而减小。     

热输入对DP600激光焊组织和力学性能的影响

摘要：为了研究DP600钢的焊接性能,采用5种不同的激光焊接工艺进行焊接试验。结果表明,焊接接头表面成形质量良好,随着热输入的增加,上下熔宽逐渐增大;熔融区均为板条状马氏体组织,当热输入高于33J/mm时热影响区组织为马氏体、铁素体和少量的回火马氏体;当热输入低于33J/mm时,热影响区组织为马氏体和铁素体。在低热输入条件下,回火时间很短,马氏体未发生分解;在高的热输入条件下,回火时间较长,马氏体分解显著,热影响区中出现M3C型碳化物,碳化物形貌以球状和片状为主。从熔融区到母材,显微硬度值逐渐降低;焊接接头静态拉伸失效位置均在母材,拉伸断口为韧性断口,DP600钢激光焊接接头不存在软化现象。     

热输入对DP600激光焊组织和力学性能的影响

为了研究DP600钢的焊接性能,采用5种不同的激光焊接工艺进行焊接试验。结果表明,焊接接头表面成形质量良好,随着热输入的增加,上下熔宽逐渐增大;熔融区均为板条状马氏体组织,当热输入高于33 J/mm时热影响区组织为马氏体、铁素体和少量的回火马氏体;当热输入低于33 J/mm时,热影响区组织为马氏体和铁素体。在低热输入条件下,回火时间很短,马氏体未发生分解;在高的热输入条件下,回火时间较长,马氏体分解显著,热影响区中出现M_3C型碳化物,碳化物形貌以球状和片状为主。从熔融区到母材,显微硬度值逐渐降低;焊接接头静态拉伸失效位置均在母材,拉伸断口为韧性断口,DP600钢激光焊接接头不存在软化现象。     

大型变壁厚TC4半球超塑胀形工艺研究

对大型TC4钛合金变壁厚半球壳体的超塑胀形工艺进行了研究.采用数值模拟手段先后分析了单向胀形和正反胀形后半球毛坯的壁厚分布规律,指出了正反胀形工艺在壁厚分布上的优势,并给出了反胀模具型面曲线优化的关键参数及其对成形壁厚分布的影响规律.用优化后的模拟数据结果指导实际实验参数设计,在理论分析基础上进行了实验验证.结果表明,...     

DP980钢及DP980钢激光焊接接头的高周疲劳性能

摘要：为了研究DP980钢的高周疲劳性能,采用疲劳试验机对DP980钢和DP980钢激光焊接接头进行高周疲劳试验,得到Basquin方程,并利用光学金相显微镜和扫描电镜进行组织和断口分析。结果表明：DP980钢激光焊接接头的焊缝根部和顶部出现形状凹陷,焊接接头的质量为中等。DP980钢疲劳极限为341MPa,DP980钢激光焊接接头的疲劳极限为148MPa,激光焊接接头的疲劳极限较母材的疲劳极限降低约50%。对于DP980钢而言,铁素体/马氏体晶界是裂纹萌生的主要位置,疲劳断口为准解理断口。对于DP980钢激光焊接接头而言,疲劳裂纹源位于焊缝凹陷处,而非热影响区及母材,疲劳断口为解理断口。DP980钢和DP980钢激光焊接接头的疲劳裂纹扩展区均有明显的疲劳条带,并伴随有二次裂纹。     

关于汽车板DP用钢流动曲线模型的研究

构建了一种新的非饱和流动曲线模型，即LOGSE模型，研究了Combined Swift-Hockett-Sherby模型、Hockett-Sherby模型、LOGSE模型、Ghosh模型和Swift模型对汽车板DP用钢的适用性。以汽车板用钢DP590、DP780、DP980、DP1180及DP600材料为研究对象，以单向拉伸试验数据为拟合目标，采用不同的流动曲线模型对均匀塑性变形阶段的真应力-塑性应变曲线进行拟合，从均方根、相关系数、屈服强度及均匀应变四个方面分析拟合精度，可以发现模型的拟合精度都很高。而在大应变范围内，模型差异逐渐变大，但存在规律性。以DP600单向拉伸试验为拟合目标，比较分析大塑性变形阶段的模型曲线与液压胀形试验曲线的差异，结果显示，LOGSE模型计算精度最高，其次为Hockett-Sherby模型和Combined S-H模型，Ghosh模型和Swift模型计算精度最差，最后给出了国内常用的DP590、DP780、DP980、DP1180汽车板DP用钢在大塑性变形阶段的变化曲线，为冲压或辊压成形前期成形仿真提供参考。     

AP1000主管道冷弯壁厚减薄

提出了一种改进的Johnson-Cook模型,用于室温和低应变速率下AP1000核电站主管道316LN奥氏体不锈钢的塑性变形过程研究.借助有限元软件ANSYS/LS-DYNA,对AP1000核电一回路主管道热段管冷弯成形过程进行模拟仿真,分析管道壁厚、相对弯曲半径、摩擦系数等工艺参数对壁厚减薄率的影响规律,拟合出壁厚减薄率的经验公式.全尺寸主管道冷弯试验结果表明,数值模拟结果准确可靠.      

Spot weldability comparison of high strength steel DP590 with different chemical composition

This paper introduces the cold-rolled DP590 high strength automotive steel sheets produced by Sougang Steel,which involve two different composition systems,one with high Al content and the other with C-Si-Mn.These two materials are pot-welded and the optimized welding current range and the best welding current are obtained.Both the two kinds of materials welding current’s scope is 1 800 A,but the current of C-Si-Mn system DP590 is 1 400 A higher then the high Al content one’ s;when these two kind of materials are welded with the optimal current,the nugget can be get by no defect.There have some difference in these two base materials.High Al DP590 has a bandy metallurgical structure compose with ferrite and martensite,the volume fraction of martensite is 8%,the grain size is 10.5.C-Si-Mn system DP590 compose with ferrite and martensite also while the volume fraction of martensite is 9%,the grain size is 9.5.Weld structure of high Al DP590 are bainite and lath martensite when C-Si-Mn system DP590’s is lath martensite only.The variation of HV is same for these two materials nugget,the length of the are both 10 mm,there have no soft zone in the weld scope.The HV of the both materials are the same of 210 -220.The HV of high Al DP590 weld scope is 280,when C-Si-Mn system DP590 is much more then it with 425.After test these two welded sample get the same failure modes,the maximum shearing resistance and maximum positive tension of high Al DP590 are both less than the C-Si-Mn system DP590.     

双相钢激光焊管的焊缝组织演变及扩口性能研究

介绍了马氏体含量不同的双相钢(DP590和DP780)激光焊管的焊缝组织演变,研究了焊缝硬度分布特征及其对扩口性能的影响。结果表明:激光焊缝的熔合区存在明显硬化,组织为单一的马氏体,DP780钢热影响区出现了显著的软化,DP590钢无软化区存在,造成这一差别的原因在于两者马氏体含量不同;软化区的存在导致DP780钢激光焊管的扩口率急剧下降,仅为DP590钢的10%左右;建立了焊管扩口的数值模型,模拟结果与试验结果相吻合。     

High cycle fatigue behavior of DP980 steel and DP980 steel laser welded joints

For the study of the DP980 steel high cycle fatigue property, high fatigue tests of DP980 steel and DP980 steel laser welded joints were carried out with fatigue testing machine, the Basquin equation was concluded. Microstructures and fractures were analyzed by optical microscope and scanning electron microscope. The results show that DP980 steel laser welding joints have the weld concavity at the welding root and top, the quality of welded joints is medium. The fatigue limit of DP980 steel is 341MPa, the fatigue limit of DP980 steel laser welded joint is 148MPa, the fatigue limit decreases by 50% compared with the fatigue limit of the base metal. For DP980 steel, the crystal boundary of the ferrite/martensite is the main location of micro cracks initiation, the fatigue fracture of DP980 steel is the quasi cleavage fracture. For DP980 steel laser welding joints, the fatigue cracks initiation is located in the weld concavity, not in the heat affected zone, the fatigue fracture is cleavage fracture. DP980 steel and DP980 steel laser welding joints crack propagation is characterized by the obviously fatigue striations coupled with secondary cracks.     

铈和铌改性对DP780双相钢焊缝冲击性能的影响

 双相钢中铁素体马氏体两相性能差异会导致焊接接头软化,在使用过程中温度较低时,冲击功下降,使材料由韧性状态变为脆性状态。为研究铈和铌添加量对改善DP780焊缝低温脆性的问题,利用低温冲击试验与拉伸试验,开展了不同铈和铌添加量对DP780焊缝的力学性能的研究。利用金相显微镜、SEM等方法阐明了试验钢在添加不同铈和铌后的焊缝组织与形貌变化。结果表明,在-40 ℃时,无铈和铌添加时组织中出现部分残余奥氏体,焊缝冲击功为0.465 J,解理台阶面出现大量河流花样,属于脆性断裂;随铈与铌质量分数变化,焊缝冲击功与铈和铌的添加量呈现非线性关系。当铈与铌占熔敷金属质量分数分别为0.35%和0.15%时焊缝的综合性能最佳,冲击功达到3.9 J,熔敷金属组织晶界紧密,撕裂棱周围出现韧窝,呈混合断裂特征。试验研究表明,加入的适量的铈与铌,焊缝中形成的稀土化合物可增加断裂变形阻力与消耗能量,从而有效阻碍裂纹的扩展,显著提高DP780的低温冲击韧性而不会大幅降低其抗拉强度,保证双相钢焊接质量。但铈与铌影响焊缝性能无固定函数关系可循且试验样本量少,无法精确到任意添加量探究。在后续研究中可引入算法对DP780焊缝力学性能进行预测,在生产之前建立模型,寻找最佳铈和铌添加量,提高安全性能。     

Shear Fracture of Advanced High Strength Steels

Failure experiments were carried out through a stretch-bending test system for advanced high strength steels, i.e. dual-phase （DP） steels and martensitic steels （MS）. The die radius in this system was designed from 1 to 15 mm to investigate the failure mode under different geometries. Two failure modes were observed during the ex- periments. As a result, critical relative radii （the ratio of inner bending radius R to sheet thickness t） for DP590 and DP780 steels were obtained. The stretch-bending tests of DP980 display some trends unlike DP590 and DP780 steels, and curve of DP980 in different thicknesses does not coincide well. High blank holder force exhibits more possibility of shear fracture tendency than low blank holder force. The unique character of high strength martensitic steel （1500MS） is that no shear fracture is found especially over small bending radius （R =2 mm） under the same experi- mental conditions. Microstructure analysis indicates that there are obviously elongated grains on shear fracture sur- face. It shows smaller diameter and shallower depth of the dimples than the necking failure.     

1800 MPa热成形钢与CR340LA低合金高强钢激光焊接性能

采用光纤激光焊接设备对1800 MPa级热成形钢与CR340LA低合金高强钢进行对接激光拼焊,研究了不同激光焊接功率和焊接速度下焊接接头的组织演变规律及热冲压成形性能,并对焊接接头的力学性能和硬度进行了分析。结果表明,3种焊接工艺下激光拼焊原板综合力学性能相差较小,由焊接接头造成的伸长率和抗拉强度的损失均在母材的28.3%和9.1%以内。激光焊接后焊缝区均为粗大、高硬度的马氏体结构;两侧热影响区组织主要为铁素体和马氏体,接头未出现明显的软化区。激光拼焊原板拉伸试样均断裂于CR340LA母材区,距离焊缝12 mm左右,且存在焊缝隆起现象。选取焊接功率和焊接速率分别为4000 W和0.18 m·s?1的焊接试样在高温下进行热冲压成形检测,未出现焊缝开裂,热成形后拼焊板具有良好性能,满足汽车激光拼焊板使用要求,拉伸结果表明,试样断裂位置与未热冲压成形前一致,均位于CR340LA母材区,拉伸过程中,焊缝向高强度母材侧偏移,在弱强度母材侧产生应力集中并缩颈断裂。      

Characterization of Loading Responses and Failure Loci of a Boron Steel Spot Weld

Boron steel, classed as an ultra high-strength steel (UHSS), has been utilized in anti-intrusion systems in automobiles, providing high strength and weight-saving potential through gage reduction. UHSS spot welds exhibit unique hardness distributions, with a hard nugget and outlying base material, but with a soft heat-affected zone in-between these regions. This soft zone reduces the strength of the weld and makes it susceptible to failure. Due to the interaction of various weld zones that occurs during loading, there is a need to characterize the loading response of the weld for accurate failure predictions. The loading response of certain weld zones, as well as failure loci, was obtained through physical simulation of the welding process. The results showed a significant difference in mechanical behavior through the weld length. An important result is that instrumented indentation was shown to be a valid, quantitative method for verifying the accuracy with which weld microstructure has been recreated with regard to the target weld microstructure.     

High Strength Steel Plates for Large Container Ships

Heavy thickness steel plates with a good combination of strength,toughness and weldability have been demanded for building of large container ships.High strength steel plates with heavy gauge of EH36,EH40 and EH47 grades were developed by optimizing chemical compositions and TMCP process parameters.Micro alloying elements of Ti and Nb were added to the three steel grades for enhancing the strength and toughness of base plates.The strength of base plates of the EH47 grade was further enhanced with the help of the increased amount of substitutional solid solutes,such as manganese,copper,nickel,or chromium.EH36 steel plates for high heat input over 550 kJ/cm were manufactured by improving thermal stability of TiN particles for better weld heat-affected zone toughness.Thermally stabilized TiN particles effectively suppress grain growth at weld heat-affected zone,leading to better toughness.These steel plates showed excellent mechanical properties of base plates and welded joints.     

Influence of strain rate on tensile properties and fracture behaviour of DP600 and DP780 dual-phase steels

The influences of the strain rate on the tensile properties and fracture behaviour of DP600 and DP780 advanced high-strength sheet steels have been studied. The variation of their mechanical properties depending on the strain rate have been researched by applying uniaxial tensile tests at three different strain rates (0.001, 0.01, 0.06?s^?1). The influences of strain rate on fracture behaviour have been investigated by displaying the fracture surfaces of the material. Strain rate increase has been determined to increase the yield strength, tensile strength, total elongation and hardening rate. The strain hardening coefficient has been found not to be significantly affected by the strain rate. It has been determined that, the fracture has occurred faster during necking while load-carrying capacity has increased with strain rate increase.