近40 a来玛曲草原的气候生态特征

利用趋势分析法、Mann-kendall非参数趋势检验法和小波分析法对玛曲县气象站近40 a的积温、日照时数进行统计分析,结果表明:积温年际变化呈增加趋势,≥0℃积温倾向率为59.5℃/10a,极值出现在16 a振荡周期的跃变点处;≥10℃积温倾向率为33.7℃/10 a,极小值出现在10 a振荡周期的跃变点处;积温初日日期有提前的趋势,积温终日日期有推迟的趋势;≥10℃积温强振荡中心对应的周期比≥0℃多2 a,次强振荡中心对应的周期少5~6 a,低频和高频振荡同时趋向增大;日照时数年际变化呈增加趋势,倾向率为40.2 h/10 a,极小值发生在16 a振荡周期跃变点左右。Spearman秩相关分析,光、热、水的正匹配特征明显,其中牧草生长季5~9月水热同步变化,6~7月光水同步变化。牧草生长状况应当从光、热、水三者的匹配关系考虑,降水正常、气温偏高、日照丰富是最有利于牧草生长的草原气候生态环境。     

若尔盖湿地天然牧草生育期变化特征及其对气候变化的响应

基于若尔盖地区天然牧草1983～2013年生育期观测资料和近50年地面气象观测资料,通过趋势分析、相关分析、M-K突变检验和积分回归等数学方法分析了研究区气候变化特征及其对天然牧草高原早熟禾生育期的影响,以揭示若尔盖湿地天然牧草生育期对气候变化的响应规律。结果表明:(1)研究区年降水量有微弱下降趋势,牧草生长关键期5～9月有效降水日数下降趋势最为显著;年均气温、最高气温、最低气温升高趋势显著;牧草生长季4～9月逐月积温有显著增加的趋势;草地干燥指数以0.0256/10a的速率上升,1990s中期后暖干化加剧。(2)2000s牧草返青期、分蘖期、抽穗期较1980s提前,开花期较1990s延后了4天、黄枯期较1980s提前了12天,较1990s延迟了9天、生长期较1980s减少了20天,较1990s增加了8天。(3)3月≥0℃积温、4月和6月≥3℃积温的显著增加,导致了牧草返青期、分蘖期、抽穗期提前;除返青期外有效降水日数越多,生育期越提前,反之亦然;(4)牧草生长期对平均温度、气温日较差、有效降水日数等气象因子敏感;在牧草生长关键期7月不出现干旱或干旱程度较轻的情况下,气候变暖将导致生长期延长。      

卫辉市气候变化对冬小麦播期的影响

使用卫辉市48 a的气温、降水观测资料,结合冬小麦适宜播种的气候指标,分析了9月下旬及10月上、中旬气温的变化趋势,15、18℃终日的变化趋势,冬前≥0℃积温的变化趋势,冬季负积温的变化趋势以及播期降水量的变化趋势,结果表明:9月下旬及10月上、中旬的旬气温平均每10 a分别升高0.31,0.24,0.40℃;15、1...     

甘肃省谷子气候生态适应性分析及适生种植区划

在分析谷子气候生态适应性的基础上,建立不同气候区谷子气候产量模型。确定影响产量形成关键时段的关键气象因素是≥10℃积温、8～9月平均气温、7月降水以及海拔高度和投入产出比等适生种植区划综合指标体系,据此划分5个谷子气候生态种植区。并提出提高气候生态资源的开发利用途径。     

1961—2010年新丰县气候资源的变化特征

根据1961—2010年新丰气象站观测资料,采用线性趋势分析、滑动平均等方法,研究了近50年来新丰县气候资源的变化特征。结果表明,新丰气温呈变暖趋势,特别是21世纪以来升温明显,气温的变化不具有突变特征,冬季对气候变暖贡献最大;稳定≥10℃的活动积温呈增加趋势。降水为减少趋势且具有突变特征,突变点为1991年,降水减少明显;日照也呈减少趋势且在1989年存在突变。进一步分析,发现气候变暖导致春季和秋季干旱事件发生的频率增加;降水虽然呈减少趋势,但夏季的降水呈增加趋势,说明降水强度发生了变化,灾害造成的经济损失在增大。     

近45年吐鲁番地区气候变化趋势

分析了1954-1998年吐鲁番地区各县（市）气温、降水、无霜期、大风日数、酷热日数、寒冷日数、各界限积温、日平均气温≥0℃生长期、气温日较差等气候要素的变化趋势。     

三明市水稻气候条件分析与气候区划

分析了水稻生长对温度、光照、降水等气候条件的要求及其主要的不利气候因素———早春低温阴雨造成早稻烂种烂秧和秋季寒害对晚稻抽穗扬花的影响 ,确定三明市水稻生长的气候指标为春季稳定通过 10℃初日至秋季稳定通过 2 0℃终日的积温。根据三明市各地活动积温的分布情况和不同品种搭配的早稻播种至晚稻安全齐穗所需的总积温 ,划定了三明市水稻合理布局的气候区划指标。利用活动积温的 80 %保证率建立的区划模型和区划指标将三明市分为 7个水稻种植气候区 ,并提出了水稻生产趋利避害的建议措施。     

气候因子与云南粮食生产的关系

该文分析了云南近50年气候生产力变化特征以及气候变化对农业生产的影响.重点对气温、降水与小麦、水稻产量形成的关系进行了研究, 结果表明12月至翌年2月的降水是小麦增减产的关键因子, ≥10 ℃的积温比降水更有利于水稻生产.同时针对制约农业增产的重要气象灾害发生时期进行诊断, 发现小春作物的主要气象灾害是1~2月的冬旱和2~4月的倒春寒, 大春作物的主要气象灾害是5月干旱和7~8月的低温冷害.     

巴楚县冬小麦生育期气温变化及其对小麦产量的影响

利用新疆巴楚气象站1984—2013年逐日气象资料,运用线性回归、趋势系数、异常度、Mann-Kendall突变检验等方法,分析了巴楚县多时间尺度气温的变化特征对冬小麦生长发育和产量的影响。结果表明:近30 a巴楚县冬季、春季平均气温均呈上升趋势,其中春季平均气温上升趋势显著,并于1998年发生了增暖性突变;寒冷日和酷冷日数均呈减少趋势,其中寒冷日数在1996年发生了减少性突变;稳定通过0℃界限温度的初日表现为提前、终日表现为推迟,持续日数则相应表现为增加趋势;日最高气温≥30℃日数呈增加趋势;冬小麦生长季内前期气温偏低,后期气温偏高是影响小麦产量的主要气候因子,其中抽穗、开花期的平均气温与小麦产量显著相关。     

贵州东部中亚热带季风湿润区柑气候区划

利用贵州省东部34个站点1981-2005年逐年的年平均气温、降水量、日照时数、≥10℃积温、极端最低气温、≥35℃极端最高气温出现的天数、1月和7月的月平均气温、4月中旬至5月中旬和7月中旬至11月中旬的积温和降水量以及4-10月降水量、3-5月和7-10月的日照时数共15个气候变量进行经验正交函数分解,确定柑气候区划指标,应用模糊聚类分析,将贵州省东部中亚热带季风湿润区划分为4种不同类型的柑气候区,其结果指出了贵州东部柑生产布局中的问题,为贵州甚至西南地区柑产业基地建设提供了科学依据.     

Could the Recent Taal Volcano Eruption Trigger an El Ni?o and Lead to Eurasian Warming?

正The Taal Volcano in Luzon is one of the most active and dangerous volcanoes of the Philippines. A recent eruption occurred on 12 January 2020(Fig. 1a), and this volcano is still active with the occurrence of volcanic earthquakes. The eruption has become a deep concern worldwide, not only for its damage on local society, but also for potential hazardous consequences on the Earth's climate and environment.     

Analysis of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Height Characteristics over the Arctic Ocean Using the Aircraft and GPS Soundings

正ERRATUM to: Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters, 4(2011), 124-130 On page 126 of the printed edition (Issue 2, Volume 4), Fig. 2 was a wrong figure because the contact author made mistake giving the wrong one. The corrected edition has been updated on our website. The editorial office is sincerely sorry for any     

Index to Vol.31

正AN Junling;see LI Ying et al.;(5),1221—1232AN Junling;see QU Yu et al.;(4),787-800AN Junling;see WANG Feng et al.;(6),1331-1342Ania POLOMSKA-HARLICK;see Jieshun ZHU et al.;(4),743-754Baek-Min KIM;see Seong-Joong KIM et al.;(4),863-878BAI Tao;see LI Gang et al.;(1),66-84BAO Qing;see YANG Jing et al.;(5),1147—1156BEI Naifang;     

Information for Contributors

正Journal of Meteorological Research is an international academic journal in atmospheric sciences edited and published by Acta Meteorologica Sinica Press,sponsored by the Chinese Meteorological Society.It has been acting as a bridge of academic exchange between Chinese and foreign meteorologists and aiming at introduction of the current advancements in atmospheric sciences in China.The journal columns include Articles.Note and Correspondence,and research letters.Contributions from all over the world are welcome.     

前寒武纪气候演化中的三个重要科学问题

自地球形成至寒武纪将近40亿年（距今46亿～5.4亿年,通常称为前寒武纪）的气候演变是一个具有特殊难度和挑战性的研究领域,同时也是基础和前沿的研究领域。文章选择了前寒武纪气候演化中的三个重要科学问题进行综述：大气演化、两次全球性的冰川期以及暗弱太阳问题。关于大气演化,本文首先描述了大气成分的演化历史,然后简述了影响大气成分演化的三个基本过程：大气逃逸、两次大气氧含量突然增加、碳酸盐-硅酸盐循环及其对气候系统的负反馈作用。两次全球性的冰川期分别发生在古元古代（距今24亿～21亿年）和新元古代（距今8亿～5.8亿年）,文章简述了其成因以及相关的气候模拟结果。暗弱太阳问题是地球历史气候演化的一个经典问题,论文简要地综述了一些最新的研究成果和观点。     

淮河流域水文极值预测模型研究

为探索气候变化影响下水文极值的非平稳性和预测方法,建立了水文极值非平稳广义极值（GEV）分布的统计预测模型。利用1952-2010年淮河上游流域累计面雨量和流量年最大值资料、同期500 hPa环流特征量资料以及17个CMIP5模式对环流特征量的模拟结果,筛选出对水文极值影响显著的年平均北半球极涡强度指数作为GEV分布参数的预测因子。分析了在RCP2.6、RCP4.5和RCP8.5情景下2006-2050年淮河上游流域水文极值对气候变化的响应。结果表明,10年以下与10年以上重现期的水文极值在非平稳过程中呈现前者下降而后者上升的相反变化趋势;多模型预测的集合平均在未来情景中均呈现上升趋势,情景排放量越大增幅越大,重现期越长增幅也越大。与极值的常态相比,极值的极端态更易受气候变化影响。     

ANALYSIS OF “BIMODAL PATTERN” STORM ACTIVITY CHARACTERISTICS OF THE BAY OF BENGAL

Storms that occur at the Bay of Bengal (BoB) are of a bimodal pattern, which is different from that of the other sea areas. By using the NCEP, SST and JTWC data, the causes of the bimodal pattern storm activity of the BoB are diagnosed and analyzed in this paper. The result shows that the seasonal variation of general atmosphere circulation in East Asia has a regulating and controlling impact on the BoB storm activity, and the “bimodal period” of the storm activity corresponds exactly to the seasonal conversion period of atmospheric circulation. The minor wind speed of shear spring and autumn contributed to the storm, which was a crucial factor for the generation and occurrence of the “bimodal pattern” storm activity in the BoB. The analysis on sea surface temperature (SST) shows that the SSTs of all the year around in the BoB area meet the conditions required for the generation of tropical cyclones (TCs). However, the SSTs in the central area of the bay are higher than that of the surrounding areas in spring and autumn, which facilitates the occurrence of a “two-peak” storm activity pattern. The genesis potential index (GPI) quantifies and reflects the environmental conditions for the generation of the BoB storms. For GPI, the intense low-level vortex disturbance in the troposphere and high-humidity atmosphere are the sufficient conditions for storms, while large maximum wind velocity of the ground vortex radius and small vertical wind shear are the necessary conditions of storms.     

LOW-FREQUENCY CIRCULATION AND EXTENDED-RANGE FORECAST IN CONNECTION WITH AUTUMN EXTREME HEAVY RAINFALL PROCESS IN HAINAN

Observed daily precipitation data from the National Meteorological Observatory in Hainan province and daily data from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP/NCAR) reanalysis-2 dataset from 1981 to 2014 are used to analyze the relationship between Hainan extreme heavy rainfall processes in autumn (referred to as EHRPs) and 10–30 d low-frequency circulation. Based on the key low-frequency signals and the NCEP Climate Forecast System Version 2 (CFSv2) model forecasting products, a dynamical-statistical method is established for the extended-range forecast of EHRPs. The results suggest that EHRPs have a close relationship with the 10–30 d low-frequency oscillation of 850 hPa zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north, and that they basically occur during the trough phase of the low-frequency oscillation of zonal wind. The latitudinal propagation of the low-frequency wave train in the middle-high latitudes and the meridional propagation of the low-frequency wave train along the coast of East Asia contribute to the ‘north high (cold), south low (warm)’ pattern near Hainan Island, which results in the zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north reaching its trough, consequently leading to EHRPs. Considering the link between low-frequency circulation and EHRPs, a low-frequency wave train index (LWTI) is defined and adopted to forecast EHRPs by using NCEP CFSv2 forecasting products. EHRPs are predicted to occur during peak phases of LWTI with value larger than 1 for three or more consecutive forecast days. Hindcast experiments for EHRPs in 2015–2016 indicate that EHRPs can be predicted 8–24 d in advance, with an average period of validity of 16.7 d.