BSAS环境障涂层抗水蒸汽性及其失效机理

采用电子束物理气相沉积(EB-PVD)和等离子喷涂(PS)两种工艺结合,在Cf/SiC基体上制备出了Si/3Al2O3·2 SiO2+BSAS/BSAS(1-xBaO-xSrO-Al2O3-2SiO2,0≤x≤1)环境障涂层(EBC).其中,Si粘结层采用EB-PVD工艺制备,3 Al2O3·2SiO2+BSAS中间层...     

溶胶-凝胶法制备Al2O3·ZrO2复合陶瓷涂层研究

用溶胶-凝胶(Sol-gel)法以Al(NO3)3·9H2O,ZrOCl2·8H2O为原料,乙醇为溶剂,在不锈钢表面制备了xAl2O3·yZrO2复合陶瓷涂层.研究了基材氧化预处理、溶液纽成、添加剂等对陶瓷涂层组成、性能的影响.结果表明:基材氧化预处理能大大改善涂层与基材的结合强度:涂有xAl2O3·yZrO2陶瓷涂层的材料具有较不锈钢更优良的抗高温氧化性能.     

等离子喷涂Gd2Zr2O7-SrZrO3复合陶瓷涂层的微观结构和性能

通过固相反应法合成了Gd2Zr2O7-SrZrO3 (GZSZ,Gd2Zr2O7:SrZrO3=7:3)复合陶瓷粉末,并采用喷雾造粒法和大气等离子喷涂法分别制备了适合等离子喷涂使用的相应喷涂粉末及涂层。使用X射线衍射、扫描电子显微镜对粉末和涂层的相组成、显微结构进行分析。借助激光热导仪、高温热膨胀仪对涂层的热扩散系数和热膨胀系数、烧结系数进行了表征。结果表明,制备的GZSZ复合陶瓷粉末和涂层都由Gd2Zr2O7和SrZrO3两相组成,粉末中的Gd2Zr2O7为烧绿石结构,而涂层中的Gd2Zr2O7为萤石结构,SrZrO3都为钙钛矿结构。制备态GZSZ涂层的孔隙率为~14%。GZSZ涂层1400℃热处理5 h后的热膨胀系数为(9.8~11.2)×10-6 K-1。制备态GZSZ涂层的热导率为~0.8 W·m-1·K-1,与制备态SrZrO3涂层的热导率~1.0 W·m-1·K-1相比降低~20%。1400℃热处理360 h后GZSZ涂层的热导率增加到~1.5 W·m-1.K-1。综上表明,GZSZ涂层是一种很有前景的复合陶瓷热障涂层材料。     

Nb521表面改性Si-Cr-Ti涂层的高温氧化行为

利用料浆烧结法在Nb521合金表面制备了Si-Cr-Ti-W和Si-Cr-Ti-Al-Y2O3涂层,并对这两种涂层在1 400℃静态空气中的静态氧化行为进行了测试和研究。利用扫描电镜(SEM)、电子探针(EPMA)和波谱仪(WDS)对涂层在氧化过程中的微观组织形貌、元素分布和相组成进行了测试和分析,并建立了动态高温氧化模型。结果表明:两种改性涂层的氧化过程都遵循抛物线规律,添加铝、Y2O3和钨均能提高涂层的抗氧化性能。由于Al2O3和SiO2组成的复合氧化膜均匀致密且高温稳定性强,Si-Cr-Ti-Al-Y2O3涂层的抗氧化性能优于Si-Cr-Ti-W涂层的。     

溶胶-凝胶法制备Al2O3/ZrO2涂层及对γ-TiAl

以异丙醇铝(Al(OC3H7)3)和氧氯化锆(ZrOCl2·8H2O)为原料,采用溶胶-凝胶法在γ-TiAl基合金表面制备Al2O3/ZrO2涂层。研究涂层试样和空白试样在1000℃静态空气中的长期氧化行为和循环氧化行为。结果表明:Al2O3/ZrO2涂层降低了该合金的氧化速率,提高了合金的抗循环氧化能力。对涂层的作用机制进行了探讨。     

Ti3Al基合金表面两种Cr1-xAlxN(x=0.18,0.47)涂层的热腐蚀性能

利用磁控反应溅射的方法在Ti3Al基合金表面制备了两种不同铝含量的Cr0.82Al0.18N与Cr0.53Al0.47N涂层,测试了这两种涂层在800℃(NR2SO4+25 mass%K2SO4)熔融盐膜百的热腐蚀动力学,并采用X射线衍射仪和带能谱的扫描电镜分析腐蚀产物相组成以及微观结构.结果表明,两种涂层均可降低Ti3Al基合金的热腐蚀速率;涂层热腐蚀产物主要为具有保护性的Cr2O3和θ-Al2O3混合氧化膜,θ-Al2O3的含量随着涂层中Al含量上升递增;和θAl2O3相比,Cr2O3在熔融硫酸盐中的稳定性更好,Cr0.82Al0.18N涂层抗热腐蚀性能优于Cr0.53Al0.47N涂层.     

等离子喷涂Al2O3涂层与高硬配副的摩擦学性能研究

目的 研究大气等离子喷涂Al2O3涂层在高硬配副下的摩擦磨损行为.方法 通过大气等离子喷涂(APS)制备了厚度约为380μm的Al2O3涂层,利用纳米压痕仪测量了Al2O3涂层和两种摩擦副的硬度和弹性模量.采用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对喷涂粉末、涂层以及磨痕的相结构和形貌进行了表征分析,通过X射线能量色散谱仪(EDS)分析了涂层磨痕中对偶元素的转移.另外,还通过CSM摩擦机系统地研究了该涂层的摩擦磨损行为.借助X射线光电子能谱仪(XPS)分析了磨痕中的化学组成.结果 制备的Al2O3涂层主要以γ-Al2O3相为主,且存在一定孔隙,并出现层状结构.在摩擦实验中发现,在同一摩擦副下,Al2O3涂层的摩擦系数随着载荷的增加而逐渐降低,磨损率随之增大.由于摩擦配副力学性能的差异,使Al2O3涂层表现出不同的摩擦磨损行为.以Si3N4为摩擦副时,Al2O3涂层的摩擦系数较小,但磨损率大,磨损机制主要是磨粒磨损和粘着磨损.在摩擦过程中,Si3N4对偶副会与空气中的水反应,生成少量具有润滑效果的Si(OH)4胶体.以WC为摩擦副时,Al2O3涂层的摩擦系数大,但磨损率低,磨损机制主要是粘着磨损和磨粒磨损,并伴有疲劳磨损.在摩擦过程中,由于产生了摩擦热,Al2O3涂层磨痕表面的γ-Al2O3相转变为 α-Al2O3相,摩擦配副的硬度和弹性模量越大,摩擦系数越高,γ-Al2O3相的转变也越多.结论 因高硬度的Si3N4和WC对偶球拥有不同的力学性能,对大气等离子喷涂制备的Al2O3涂层的摩擦磨损机理有显著的影响,并且在摩擦过程中,涂层磨痕内的γ-Al2O3相会向α-Al2O3相转变.     

不同工艺NiCoCrAlYTa涂层的抗高温氧化性能

在镍基单晶高温合金上采用大气等离子喷涂(APS)和低压等离子喷涂(LPPS)方法制备两种Ni Co Cr Al YTa涂层,研究了涂层的1100℃抗高温氧化性能。通过XRD、SEM和EDS研究了两种涂层的相结构、微观形貌及元素分布等。结果表明:两种涂层的氧化动力学曲线均符合抛物线规律,其中APS涂层的氧化速率常数K_p=0.0782 mg~2·cm~(-4)·h~(-1),LPPS涂层在氧化前期100 h氧化速率常数K_(p1)=0.0606 mg~2·cm~(-4)·h~(-1),而后期氧化速率常数K_(p2)=0.0245 mg~2·cm~(-4)·h~(-1)。由于APS喷涂工艺特点,涂层有大量孔隙,涂层内部氧化严重,氧化产物主要为Cr_2O_3和尖晶石,抗氧化能力降低;而LPPS涂层较为致密、孔隙少,氧化产物为α-Al_2O_3、γ-matrix和尖晶石;LPPS涂层的抗氧化性能明显优于APS涂层。     

等离子喷涂Al_2O_3(13%TiO_2)涂层和NiCr-Cr_3C_2涂层的组织性能研究

通过等离子喷涂方法在穿孔顶头尾部材料42CrMo钢表面分别制备NiCr-Cr3C2涂层和Al2O3(13%TiO2)涂层,运用OM,XRD,SEM等分析测试手段对涂层的组织、形貌和物相成分进行表征,并对两种涂层进行了显微硬度及抗热震性能实验.结果表明:喷涂涂层为典型的层状结构,涂层与基体为机械结合.Al2O3(13%TiO2)涂层以亚稳相γ-Al2O3相为主要相,同时存在α-Al2O3相.喷涂形成NiCr-Cr3C2涂层后物相成分为Cr23C6、Cr7C3、Cr3C2等Cr的碳化物.NiCr-Cr3C2涂层和Al2O3(13%TiO2)涂层的表面平均显微硬度分别为586.4HV,和557.7HV.其平均热震循环次数分别为25次和18次.     

Study on Laser Cladding NiAl/Al2O3 Coating on Magnesium Alloy

利用等离子喷涂技术,在AZ91D镁合金表面制备NiAl/Al2O3涂层,并通过激光对涂层进行重熔处理。利用X射线衍射(XRD)和扫描电镜(SEM)测试手段分别研究了涂层在激光重熔前后的相组成和形貌,涂层的结合强度和孔隙率分别采用拉伸法和光学显微镜(OM)测量,利用显微硬度计测量重熔前后涂层的显微硬度。结果表明:经激光重熔处理后,NiAl过渡层与基体及Al2O3涂层界面处出现了具有冶金结合的特征,涂层的结合强度由原来的11.34提高到33.2MPa;涂层的孔隙率则由原来的10.23%下降到4.10%,涂层变得更致密;涂层中的亚稳相γ-Al2O3全部转变为稳定相α-Al2O3;涂层的显微硬度HV0.05由3290MPa提高到5200MPa,有利于其耐磨性的提高。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

THERMODYNAMICS STUDY ON THE DECOMPOSITION OF CHROMITE WITH KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

INFLUENCE OF HEAT TREATMENT ON DAMPING BEHAVIOUR OF THE MAGNESIUM WROUGHT ALLOY AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

新型的治疗阿尔茨海默氏症药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2,2,2-三氯)-乙基-1-醇烟酸醋对体外神经细胞的作用

目的: 观察本实验室合成的一种治疗阿尔茨海默氏症(AD)的药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2, 2, 2 -三氯)-乙基^-1-醇烟酸醋(NMF),对体外培养的皮层神经细胞活性的影响以及对海人藻酸(KA)所致的神经损伤的保护作用。方法: 采用体外培养皮层神经元的方法,解剖分离 15 d胚胎小鼠皮层神经细胞, 接种于 96孔板,48 h 后加药并培养 72 h,以 MIT 法 观察 NMF 对小鼠皮层神经细胞活性的影响;同时将接种于 24 孔板的细胞预先给予 NMF,d 3 时加或不加KA处理后,以台盼蓝染色鉴别并计数死、活细胞,可得出细胞的存活率。结果: NMF 明显促进胎鼠皮层神经元活性,其中 NMF1、0. 1、10nmol·L^-1促进神经元活性增殖率分别高达 34.7%、37.4%、36. 7%, NMF 明显促进正常胎鼠皮层神经元存活卒,与对照组比较,10nmol·L^-1 NMF 对皮层神经元的存活率分别提高 39.3%、73.5%。 NMF能显著 对抗 KA 所致的神经元损伤,与 KA 损伤组相比, NMF0.1、10、10nmol·L^-1对损伤皮层神经元的保护率分别为 77.30%、80.10%、84.15%。结论: NMF 明 显促进胎鼠皮层神经元的洁性、提高正常皮层神经元,的存活卒,并能有效地保护KA所致的神经元损伤,提示 NMF 是一种很有潜力的治疗 AD 的药物。     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Three-Dimensional Growth of Coherent Ferrite in Austenite: A Molecular Dynamics Study

Coherent second phase often exhibits anisotropic morphology with specifi c orientations with respect to both the second and the matrix phases. As a key feature of microstructure, the morphology of the coherent particles is essential for understanding the second-phase strengthening eff ect in various industrial alloys. This letter reports anisotropic growth of coherent ferrite from austenite matrix in pure iron based on molecular dynamics simulation. We found that the ferrite grain tends to grow into an elongated plate-like shape, independent of its initial confi guration. The fi nal shape of the ferrite is closely related to the misfi t between the two phases, with the longest direction and the broad facet of the plate being, respectively, consistent with the best matching direction and the best matching plane calculated via the Burgers vector content(BVC) method. The strain energy calculation in the framework of Eshelby's inclusion theory verifi es that the simulated orientation of the coherent ferrite is energetically favorable. It is anticipated that the BVC method will be applicable in analysis of anisotropic growth and morphology of coherent second phase in other phase transformation systems.     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.     

Directional Growth of Tin Crystals Controlled by Combined Solute Concentration Gradient Field and Static Magnetic Field

A new method was introduced to achieve directional growth of Sn crystals. Microstructures in liquid(Pb)/liquid(Sn) diffusion couples were investigated under various static magnetic fields. Results show that the β-Sn crystals mainly reveal an irregular dendritic morphology without or with a relatively low static magnetic field(B0.3 T). When the magnetic field is increased to 0.5 T, the β-Sn dendrites close to the final stage of growth begin to show some directional character. With a further increase in the magnetic field to a higher level(0.8–5 T), the β-Sn dendrites have an enhanced directional growth character, but the dendrites show a certain deflection. As the magnetic field is increased to 12 T, the directional growth of the β-Sn dendrites in the center of the couple is severely destroyed. The mechanism of the directional growth of the β-Sn crystals and the deflection of the β-Sn crystals with the application of static magnetic field was tentatively discussed.