尊重农民土地权利,妥善处理农村矛盾

城市化未来面临十大风险,但是如果没有城镇化,农村的麻烦会更多.农民的收入会更低。农村金融的重点是支持农民发展现代农业,要在现有的农民当中推进专业农户的成长,而不是让城市资本家下乡。乌坎村事件给我们的理论启示是.充分尊重农民的权利.特别是农民的土地财产权.让他们在私人事务中享有充分的自由.应是超越其他的首要任务。     

治理“毒土地”应让污染者埋单

正去年底,国务院新闻办公室举行新闻发布会,介绍第二次全国土地调查主要数据成果。国土资源部副部长、国务院第二次全国土地调查领导小组办公室主任王世元表示,我国中重度污染耕地大体在五千万亩左右,这些地方不能再继续耕种。为解决土地污染问题,国家每年将拿出几百个亿,启动重金属污染耕地修复、地下水严重超采综合治理的试点。有一位美国作家曾经说过:土壤污染的危害比核     

土地利用总体规划修编重点与难点问题探讨

土地利用总体规划是国民经济和社会发展规划的重要组成部分,是统筹城乡建设、加强土地管理的基础,是实现世界上最严格的耕地保护制度的基本手段。在新一轮土地利用总体规划修编之际,对上轮规划存在的主要问题从宏观层面上进行了分析与探讨,有助于新一轮规划的科学编制和有效实施。简要介绍了规划修编的背景,并对本轮规划修编的网上调查结果进行了分析。通过回顾和分析上一轮土地利用总体规划实施过程中存在的主要问题,提出本轮规划修编应以统筹城乡发展、加强部门协调、促进节约集约、合理增加弹性、提高公众参与等为理念,并就本轮规划的重点与难点方面提出了建设性的意见和建议。     

环保部规定污染土地不得用于住宅开发

<正>环保部于10月22日公开了国务院办公厅《关于印发国家环境保护"十二五"规划重点工作部门分工方案的通知》。《国家环境保护"十二五"规划》重点工作部门分工方案(以下简称分工方案)要求,经评估认定对人体健康有严重影响的污染场地,应采取措施防止污染扩散,且不得用于住宅开发,对已有居民要实施搬迁。     

行者周翔,把环境维权农民搬上奥斯卡

一所高校化学系的学子,利用自己专业特长学以致用,用200美元创立安徽第一家民间环保组织。从2006年发现环境极度恶化的仇岗村到污染企业拆除,他历时3年携手知名华人女导演杨紫烨拍摄出荣获"奥斯卡最佳纪录短片     

白洋淀淀区农民参与式治理污染的现状调查与经济分析

白洋淀淀区农民参与治理污染的现状调查表明：在目前农村环境产权缺失下,绝大部分农民从观念上具有较高的环境质量需求,但缺乏责任意识;行为上,环保举报行为仅占极小比例,治理付费意愿很低;组织上,依靠政府推动成立协会,愿意承担低会费。治理成本向政府的非公平推卸,造成农民＂治理归政府,收益我享受＂的自利思维。经济学分析表明：政府应采取激励政策,使农民获得的效益高于其所付出的成本。为此,需要建立农民参与的保障机制,加强农民参与农村环保的教育与培训。     

对疑似污染地块土壤环境管理的思考——基于重点行业企业用地土壤污染状况调查

《土壤污染防治行动计划》的重要任务之一是建立并不断完善我国污染土壤环境管理制度体系、提升土壤环境信息化管理水平,本文以此为切入点,结合重点行业企业用地土壤污染状况调查工作的开展过程和经验,介绍了重调成果的转化和利用方式,重调实施过程中遇到的3个典型问题和解决建议,以期为我国疑似污染地块和污染地块的土壤环境管理提供一些参考。     

建立污染企业“黑名单”制度好

各地实行"黑名单"制度虽然取得了良好的效果,但使"黑名单"成为高悬的"达摩斯利剑",推动违法、违规企业自查自改,还有许多工作要做,要调动各方面的积极性。     

毒地潜伏与土地伦理

据《财经》杂志报道,近年来,中国有大量＂毒地＂被开发为住宅用地,甚至成为昂贵的地王。所谓毒地,就是曾经用于生产、贮存、堆放有毒有害物质,或者因其迁移、突发事故等,造成土壤和地下水污染,并产生人体健康、生态风险或危害的地块。这些年来,毒地害人的事件屡屡发生,比如苏州有家化工企业搬迁后,留下20亩毒地,导致六名筑路工人挖土时昏迷。     

上海市建设用地时空演变的驱动力研究

分析上海建设用地摊大饼式扩张的直接驱动因素,探讨其演变规律,使用多元回归、路径分析模型和偏最小二乘回归模型。研究表明,上海外来人口增加过快导致建设用地急剧扩张,社会房屋建设占用了许多非建设用地,基础设施投资快速增加导致大量农村土地转变作用,城市绿地扩张导致其他非建设用地急剧减少。研究结论表明,合理规划就业人群的居住区域,调整郊区的发展策略,发展基础设施建设的规模效应,改变城市绿地的无序分布。     

南海市耕地数量变化驱动力的定量分析

分析了南海市耕地数量变化的特点，并用定性与定量相结合的方法进一步探讨了耕地数量变化的驱动力。结果表明，南海市耕地数量的变化与珠江三角洲耕地数量变化的时间基本一致且与经济发展同步。经济发展、人口增长、基础设施建设及农业结构调整是耕地数量变化的主要驱动力。     

Potential of Corporate Social Responsibility for Poverty Alleviation among Contract Sugarcane Farmers in the Nzoia Sugarbelt, Western Kenya

Although contract sugarcane farming is the most dominant and popular land use among farmers in Nzoia Sugarbelt, results from a 2007 study suggests that the intended goal of increasing farmers’ incomes seems to have failed. With a mean monthly income of Kenya Shillings 723 (US $ 10) from an average cane acreage of 0.38 hectares, it would be difficult for a household of eight family members to meet their basic needs and lead a decent life. Analysis of farmer statements showed that up to 86% of the changes in net income were significantly determined by six cost variables as a group (i.e., acreage, tillage costs, seedcane costs, transport costs, yield, and farmer’s education level). Area under sugarcane had the greatest influence on net income whereby an increase in one hectare under cane would result in an increase of Kenya Shillings 110,427 in net income (per crop cycle of 21 months), holding other variables constant. This translates into Kenya shillings 5,258 per month (or 175 per day per household, or for a family of eight people—KES 22 or US $ 10) from an average cane acreage of 0.38 hectares, it would be difficult for a household of eight family members to meet their basic needs and lead a decent life. Analysis of farmer statements showed that up to 86% of the changes in net income were significantly determined by six cost variables as a group (i.e., acreage, tillage costs, seedcane costs, transport costs, yield, and farmer’s education level). Area under sugarcane had the greatest influence on net income whereby an increase in one hectare under cane would result in an increase of Kenya Shillings 110,427 in net income (per crop cycle of 21 months), holding other variables constant. This translates into Kenya shillings 5,258 per month (or 175 per day per household, or for a family of eight people—KES 22 or US 0.3) per member, which is far below the international standard of absolute poverty. Key net income depressors were tillage, seedcane, and transportation costs, all of which were determined by the company with no input from farmers. To bridge income gaps between the company and farmers in favor of sustainable community livelihoods, this paper argues strongly for the need to institutionalize Corporate Social Responsibility within the daily operations of the company particularly to address net-income depressors. Ten key building blocks for such a policy for Nzoia Sugar Company are suggested, based on farmers’ responses and ethical considerations.     

德州市耕地资源态势演变的驱动力分析

耕地资源数量与质量动态变化是农区经济与社会的可持续发展的决定性因素,特别是随着农业生态环境的不断恶化,各种不定因素导致耕地数量不断减少,保护和利用好耕地资源显得尤为重要。以地处黄河下游的德州市为背景,分析了其耕地资源现状特点、耕地资源开发利用中存在的问题,采用灰色关联分析方法,找出区域耕地资源态势演变的驱动因素,并对耕地资源供需趋势和保证程度做出预测。     

钱迷心窍敢“放毒”

《现代快报》报道,卡车多次满载着共60吨污染环境甚至可能导致人员伤亡的化工污水,竟然在半夜悄悄倾倒在居民区内!这事发生在宜兴市沧浜新村,驾驶员王某已被拘留,相关的化工厂也将受到高额处罚。     

根据土地生态特征和经济效益确定种植类型

根据梧州市郊县农村土地生态特征,利用逐步判别分析方法给出以各自然村为基础的区位点土地利用方法;并根据土地利用方向,结合果树经济效益和各种信息,应用规划理论给出本地区果树在满足诸条件时以种植46万亩橙、2万亩香蕉最为适宜。     

Land Degradation: A Challenge to Ethiopia

Land degradation is a great threat for the future and it requires great effort and resources to ameliorate. The major causes of land degradation in Ethiopia are the rapid population increase, severe soil loss, deforestation, low vegetative cover and unbalanced crop and livestock production. Inappropriate land-use systems and land-tenure policies enhance desertification and loss of agrobiodiversity. Utilization of dung and crop residues for fuel and other uses disturbs the sustainability of land resources. The supply of inputs such as fertilizer, farm machinery and credits are very low. The balance between crop, livestock, and forest production is disturbed, and the farmer is forced to put more land into crop production. For environmentally and socially sustainable development, there is an urgent need to promote awareness and understanding of the interdependence of natural, socioeconomic, and political systems at local and national levels. Understanding the current status and causes of land degradation is very important. This paper reveals the important elements of land degradation in Ethiopia and suggests possible solutions that may help to ameliorate the situation.     

环保NGO：推动公众参与环保的主力军

自1992年联合国环境与发展大会以来,中国环保事业最令人瞩目的变化之一,就是环保NGO的兴起。作为公益性的民间组织,     

Adaptive Targeting: Engaging Farmers to Improve Targeting and Adoption of Agricultural Conservation Practices

Targeting of agricultural conservation practices to cost‐effective locations has long been of interest to watershed managers, yet its implementation cannot succeed without meaningful engagement of agricultural producers who are decision makers on the lands they farm. In this study, we engaged 14 west‐central Indiana producers and landowners in an adaptive targeting experiment. Interviews carried out prior to targeting provided rich spatial information on existing conservation practices as well as producers' preferences for future conservation projects. We targeted six of the most accepted conservation practices using the Soil and Water Assessment Tool and spatial optimization using a genetic algorithm approach. Fairly optimal conservation scenarios were possible with even the most limiting constraints of farmer‐accepted practices. We presented in follow‐up interviews a total of 176 conservation practice recommendations on 103 farm fields to 10 farmers whose lands were targeted for conservation. Primary findings indicated producers were interested in the project, were open to hearing recommendations about their lands, and expressed a high likelihood of adopting 35% of targeted recommendations. Farmers generally viewed the interview process and presentation of results quite favorably, and the interviews were found to build trust and make the targeting process more acceptable to them.     

Exploring the Potential of Dutch Pig Farmers and Urban-Citizens to Learn Through Frame Reflection

The Dutch pig husbandry has become a topic of public debate. One underlying cause is that pig farmers and urban-citizens have different perspectives and underlying norms, values and truths on pig husbandry and animal welfare. One way of dealing with such conflicts involves a learning process in which a shared vision is developed. A prerequisite for this process is that both parties become aware of their own fixed patterns of thoughts, actions, and blind spots. Therefore, we conducted five homogeneous focus groups consisting of either urban-citizens or pig farmers. The first part of the sessions aimed to make the participants aware of their own perspectives and underlying norms and values concerning animal welfare, farm practices or consumer behavior. Then, by the use of role-play and film fragments showing the perspectives of the other party, we aimed to stimulate frame reflection. The farmers maintained their own perspective and defended their practices. They denied the perspective of the urban-citizens by portraying them as ignorant of the “factual” farm practices. They proposed the use of one-way information, but our results indicate that this is likely to fail as a strategy to support or restore public acceptance. Our case shows hardy any consensus regarding the relevance of the facts at stake and a very limited amount of shared values. However, the shared love for animals together with the recognition by the urban-citizens of the inescapable dilemma for farmers to adopt a use-framing towards animals might provide an opening for further learning strategies.