SiewertII型食管胃交界部腺癌的手术治疗

目的总结食管胃交界部腺癌（AEG）外科手术的治疗效果。方法回顾性分析2000年10月至2006年9月间汕头大学肿瘤医院手术治疗的185例AEG患者的临床资料．比较经胸和经腹途径手术治疗的效果和影响预后的因素。结果全组185例患者．经左胸途径手术治疗133例（经胸组）,经腹手术52例（经腹组）。两组手术并发症发生率分别为10．5％（14／133）和11．5％（6／52）．差异无统计学意义（P=0．531）。术后1、3、5年生存率两组分别为83．9％、44．5％、32．9％和86．0％、38．0％、30．0％,差异无统计学意义（P=-0．758）。结论AEG患者选择经胸或经腹的手术方式应个体化。     

淋巴结转移率对胃癌患者预后的评估价值

目的 探讨淋巴结转移率（rN）对胃癌根治术患者预后的评估价值.方法 回顾性分析1980-2006年间中国医科大学附属第一医院肿瘤外科收治的接受根治性手术的710例胃癌患者的临床资料.按淋巴结捡取数目将710例患者分为少于15枚组（327例）和15枚以上（含15枚）组（383例）.按淋巴结转移率进行rN分期;按淋巴结转移数量进行pN分期.分别采用Logrank检验和Cox比例风险模型来进行单因素和多因素预后分析.结果 少于15枚组和15枚以上组胃癌患者中位生存时间分别为74个月（95％ CI：55.6～92.4个月）和96个月（95％ CI：77.8～119.2个月）,差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）.多因素预后分析显示,rN分期既是少于15枚组（P＜0.01,RR=1.225,95％ CI：1.102～1.362）,又是15枚以上组（P＜0.01,RR=1.421,95％ CI：1.269～1.592）胃癌患者的独立预后因素;而pN分期仅仅是少于15枚组胃癌患者的独立预后因素（P＜0.01,RR=1.475,95％ CI：1.168～1.863）.采用rN分期系统,相同分期的两组胃癌患者生存时间的差异均无统计学意义（P＞0.05）;而采用pN分期系统,在pN1期患者中少于15枚组患者生存时间明显短于15枚以上组（P＜0.01）.结论 淋巴结转移率是影响胃癌预后的独立因素.在判断胃癌预后中,按淋巴结转移率的rN分期不受检出淋巴结数目的限制,较pN分期系统更为可靠.     

淋巴结转移率对胃癌患者预后的评估价值

目的 评估淋巴结转移率(MLR)对胃癌患者预后的预测价值.方法 回顾性分析2005-2009年间在南京医科大学第一附属医院接受根治性切除(pT4期患者除外)并具有完整随访资料的1247例胃癌患者的临床资料,从准确性、均一性和适用性3个方面比较MLR分期和pN分期的预后价值.结果 MLR和pN均与送检淋巴结数目呈正相关(均P<0.01).不同MLR分期及不同pN分期患者5年累计生存率(5-YCSR)的差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.01);进一步经多因素预后分析显示,MLR分期和pN分期均可作为独立的预后因素(均P<0.01).ROC曲线显示,MLR分期预测预后所对应的曲线下面积大于pN分期,但差异并未达到统计学意义(p>0.05).相同MLR组中不同pN组间5-YCSR的差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);而相同pN组中不同MLR组间5-YCSR的差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).同一pN分期患者,送检淋巴结数目不同,其5-YCSR的差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);而同一MLR分期患者5-YCSR则与送检淋巴结数目无关(P>0.05).结论 MLR是预测胃癌生存的独立预后因素;MLR分期评估胃癌预后的准确性与pN分期相当,但均一性和适用性均优于pN分期.

Abstract：

Objective To evaluate the prognostic value of metastatic lymph node ratio (MLR) for patients with gastric cancer. Methods Data collected from 1247 patients with gastric cancer who underwent radical surgery (pT4 cases were excluded) at the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University between 2005 and 2009 were analyzed retrospectively. MLR was compared to pathological N staging (pN) in terms of prognostic accuracy, homogenicity, and applicability. Results MLR and pN were both positively correlated with the number of retrieved lymph nodes (both P<0.01). Significant differences were found in 5-year cumulative survival rate (5-YCSR) among different pN stages and MLR classification (all P<0.01). Multivariable analysis showed that both pN and MLR were independent prognostic factors (both P<0.01). The area under ROC curve (AUC) of MLR was larger than pN, however the difference was not statistically significant (P>0.05). There were significant differences in 5-YCSR among different MLR stages within the same pN stages (P<0.05), but not among different pN stages within the same MLR stage (P>0.05). Significant differences in 5-YCSR were also found among different retrieved-node groups within the same pN stage (P<0.05), but not within the same MLR stages (P>0.05). Conclusions MLR is an independent prognostic factor for patients with gastric cancer. The prognostic homogenicity and applicability of MLR are better than those of pN, however the prediction accuracy is not favorable.     

食管胃交界部腺癌手术入路与淋巴结清扫

贲门在解剖学上很难界定范围,故＂贲门癌＂始终缺乏统一明确的定义.Siewert等[1]于1998年提出了＂食管胃交界部腺癌＂的概念（adenocarcinoma of the esophagogastric junction,AEG）及其分型.2000年,WHO提出的分类标准将发生于食管下段未侵及胃的肿瘤按食管癌分期,发生于近端胃未侵及食管的肿瘤按胃癌分期,侵犯食管胃交界的肿瘤均称为交界部癌,TNM分期根据病变的主体做决定[2].     

食管胃交界部腺癌淋巴结转移特点及手术方式选择

目的研究不同分型食管胃交界部腺癌（AEG）的淋巴结转移规律,以指导各型手术方式的选择。方法回顾性分析2007—2012年在四川省肿瘤医院接受手术治疗的228例AEG患者的临床资料。按Siewert分型标准,Ⅰ型9例（3．9％）,均采用上腹、左胸两切口入路;Ⅱ型121例（53．1％）,其中经左胸入路12例,经上腹、左胸两切口人路48例．经腹入路61例;Ⅲ型98例（43％）,其中经上腹、左胸两切口入路22例,经腹入路76例。分析各型淋巴结转移分布规律,比较不同手术入路对手术根治性的影响。结果228例AEG手术患者中有20例（8．8％）切缘阳性．其中Ⅱ型10例（8．3％）,Ⅲ型10例（10．2％）,差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。按手术入路。经腹组切缘阳性率为12．4％（17／137）,经左胸组胃切缘阳性率16．7％（2／12）,均高于经上腹、左胸两切口组的1．1％（1／88）（均P〈0．05）。159例患者（69．7％）发现有淋巴结转移：I型淋巴结转移率4／9．其中胸腔转移2例,上纵隔淋巴结未见转移。Ⅱ型淋巴结转移率66．9％（81／121）,其中胸腔转移32例（26．4％）,腹腔转移81例（66．9％）。IU型淋巴结转移率70．4％（69／98）。其中胸腔转移15例（15．3％）．腹腔转移69例（70．4％）。结论对于Ⅰ型AEG患者,由于其淋巴结转移规律符合食管下段癌,可选用经上腹、左胸两切口以方便清扫胸腔及腹腔淋巴结;对于Ⅱ型患者,由于其较高的胸内淋巴结转移率,应行上腹、左胸两切口以保证肿瘤切除范围及下段食管旁、膈上淋巴结清扫：对于Ⅲ型患者,经腹单一切口可因减少对呼吸功能影响而更具优势．但对于肿瘤病灶较大、外侵明显的病例,可加做开胸手术以保证手术根治性。     

淋巴结转移率对淋巴结清扫不足15枚胃癌患者预后评估的价值

目的 评价淋巴结转移率(MLR)对淋巴结清扫不足15枚胃癌患者预后评估的价值.方法 回顾性分析天津医科大学附属肿瘤医院2003年1月到2007年7月间收治的610例胃癌患者的临床资料.其中淋巴结清扫数目不足15枚者320例,15枚以上者290例,比较两组患者在不同病理N分期(pN分期)和不同淋巴结转移度分期(rN分期)中预后的差异.结果 通过Log-rank检验,确定MLR的界值,按此界值可分为rN1(MLR小于或等于10％)、rN2(MLR大于10％,但小于或等于30％)、rN3(MLR大于30％,但小于或等于60％)和rN4(MLR大于60％)4期.对于淋巴结清扫数目不足15枚者,上述不同rN分期患者的生存差异均无统计学意义(均P＞0.05);在同一rN分期中,不同pN分期之间生存差异亦均无统计学意义(均P＞0.05).对于pN2和pN3a期患者,淋巴结清扫数目不足15枚者与15枚以上者的生存差异有统计学意义(均P＜0.05);但在各个rN分期中,两者间差异均无统计学意义(均P＞0.05).多因素预后分析证实,rN分期是淋巴结清扫数目不足15枚胃癌患者的独立预后因素(P=0.012,RR=1.617,95％CI:1.111～2.354).结论 rN分期能很好地对淋巴结清扫不足15枚胃癌患者的预后进行预测.     

食管胃交界部腺癌的综合治疗

本文对食管胃交界部腺癌的以手术为主的综合治疗的进展进行了全面的复习和总结,Siewert分型对于食管胃交界区域腺癌的手术人路选择比较实用。时于SiewertI型（实际为食管胸下段癌）．目前国内外观点趋于一致．应按食管癌TNM分期标准．首选Ivor—Lewis手术．行扩大二野淋岜结清扫．对于SiewertⅡ型（实际为贲门癌）应选择经左后外切口开胸开膈行食管胃部分切除．但当患者年龄偏大或身体条件差时．可以考虑选择经腹和扩大食管裂孔行食管胃部分切除。SiewertⅢ型（胃癌）．可以考虑选择经腹和扩大食管裂孔或左后外切口开胸开膈行食管胃部分切除．尤其考虑胸腔有可疑淋巴结转移或肿瘤累及EGJ以上食管可能导致上切缘阳性时．要考虑选择左后外切口开胸开膈行食管胃部分切除。围手术期化疗或术前同步放化疗对提高手术切除率或生存率有益．因此．对于肿瘤较大或有明硅淋巴结转移的患者可以考虑术前化疗或同步放化疗以提高R0手术切除率和长期生存．但术前同步放化疗会增加手术并发症风险。术后辅助治疗首选同步放化疗。     

食管胃交界部腺癌的外科治疗

近年来,食管胃交界部腺癌的发病率显著升高,越来越受临床关注。对其治疗除了需要考虑肿瘤的TNM分期、病理类型等相关因素外,还必须格外注意肿瘤所在部位,不同部位肿瘤转移的主要方向存在差别,可能向胸腔或腹腔转移,也可能同时涉及到胸腔与腹腔,手术切除的范围也应有相应的偏重。对不同部位的食管胃交界部腺癌,应根据术前诊断,选择合理的手术入路、切除范围、重建方式以及辅助治疗等。     

食管胃交界腺癌手术治疗现状

正食管胃交界腺癌(adenocarcinoma of the esophagogastric junction,AEG)由于特殊的解剖位置,既有别于食管癌,又不同于胃癌,但又兼具两者特点,其生物学行为特殊,在全球范围内发病率逐年上升~([1])。第7版国际TNM分期,首次将AEG作为一种相对独立的疾病介绍~([2])。关于AEG分型、TNM分期、手术切除范围及手术方式及新辅助治疗等问题仍存较大争议。一、AEG的分型与TNM分期自1998年,国际上广泛接受了德国人提出的     

食管胃交界部腺癌与胸下段食管鳞癌外科治疗结果的比较分析

目的比较食管胃交界部腺癌（AEG）与胸下段食管鳞癌（LESC）生物学行为和临床特点．探索各自合理的手术方式。方法回顾性分析2004年1月至2012年4月间上海交通大学附属胸科医院收治的111例AEG和126例LESC患者的临床资料．比较两组病例手术切除率、淋巴结转移情况及术后并发症发生率的差异。结果AEG组和LESC组患者的手术切除率分别为94．6％（105／111）和97．6％（123／126）,差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。AEG组患者纵隔淋巴结转移率明显低于LESC组f6．3％（7／111）比32．5％（41／126）,P〈0．011,腹腔淋巴结转移率则明显高于LESC组[57．7％（64／111）比34．1％（43／126）,P〈0．01]。SiewertⅠ型和SiewertⅡ型AEG纵隔淋巴结转移率分别为12．5％（4／32）和4．7％（3／64）．而15例siewertⅢ型AEG患者则未发现纵隔淋巴结转移。AEG单纯经腹手术者,中下纵隔淋巴结转移检出率显著低于经胸手术者[0／22比7．9％（7／89）,P〈0．05]：LESC经右胸行二野或三野淋巴结清扫者,上纵隔淋巴结转移检出率明显高于经左胸单一切口者[17．9％（12／67）比0／59,P〈0．01]。两组患者术后并发症发生率分别为23．4％（26／111）和27．0％（34／126）。差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。结论AEG和LESC具有不同淋巴结转移规律,应采用不同的手术方式进行治疗。SiewertⅠ型和Ⅱ型AEG需重视中下纵隔淋巴结的清扫。     

淋巴结转移率对胃癌根治术后患者预后的评估价值

目的评估淋巴结转移率（MLR）分期系统对胃癌根治术后患者预后评估的价值。方法依据MLR分期及第6版、第7版UICC指南N分期这3种分期方法,对1042例胃癌D2根治术后患者进行预后分析。比较3种分期方法预测预后的齐性、相关性和梯度变化曲线,以及受试者工作特征（ROC）曲线下面积（AUC）。结果1042例患者术后5年生存率为47．5％,单因素和多因素预后分析显示,MLR分期（P〈0．01）和第7版N分期（P〈0．05）均为1042例胃癌患者的独立预后因素。MLR分期预测预后的AUC为0．754．高于第6版N分期的0．692和第7版N分期的0．705。与第6版、第7版N分期比较,MLR分期预测预后具有更好的齐性和线性曲线,Akaike信息标准化值更低（7240．017比7364．073和7325．731）。结论MLR分期对胃癌根治术患者的预后预测价值优于UICC指南中的N分期．有望成为一种新的淋巴结分期方法。     

Evaluation of the prognostic value of the metastatic lymph node ratio for gastric cancer

Background

The aim of this study was to investigate the prognostic value of metastatic lymph node (LN) ratio (LNR) compared with pathologic node (pN) category.

Methods

Three hundred ninety-nine patients with gastric cancer with R0 resection were reviewed. LNR, pN, and the number of retrieved LNs were evaluated in node-positive groups with ≥15 or <15 LNs resected and a node-negative group, respectively, by univariate and multivariate analyses. Associations of pN and LNR with the number of retrieved LNs were determined using Spearman's rank correlation test.

Results

LNR and pN were correlated with overall survival. For the node-positive group with ≥15 LNs retrieved, pN and LNR were independent prognostic factors, with the hazard ratio higher for LNR; neither was correlated with the number of retrieved LNs. For the group with <15 LNs retrieved, LNR but not pN was an independent prognostic factor, with LNR uncorrelated with the number of LNs retrieved. For the node-negative group, the number of LNs retrieved retained an independent prognostic factor.

Conclusions

LNR is an independent prognostic factor in node-positive patients with gastric cancer with R0 resection, and it is uninfluenced by the number of LNs retrieved. It may be superior to pN.     

食管胃结合部腺癌淋巴结转移规律探索

目的探讨食管胃结合部腺癌(adenocarcinoma of esophagogastric junction, AEG)的No.4d、5、6、12组淋巴结转移的规律和相关因素。方法回顾2015年6月至2018年5月北京大学肿瘤医院胃肠肿瘤中心一病区行全胃切除的AEG病人的临床及病理资料,分析胃下部淋巴引流区域淋巴结即No.4d、5、6、12组淋巴结的转移率,并分析各临床病理因素与其相关性,计数资料的组间比较采用χ²检验,计量资料的组间比较采用两独立样本t检验。结果该研究共纳入77例病人,其中48例(62.33%)合并淋巴结转移,转移率较高的为No.3、1、7组淋巴结,分别为43.42%、22.08%、22.08%。No.4d、5、6、12组的淋巴结转移率分别为5.26%、3.90%、1.30%、1.37%,胃下部淋巴引流区域淋巴结整体的转移率为9.09%。对各临床病理因素的分析结果显示,仅病理T分期与胃下部淋巴引流区域淋巴结转移相关。结论单中心回顾性数据显示,AEG病人胃下部淋巴引流区域淋巴结整体转移率为9.09%,pT₄期为胃下部淋巴引流...     

Lymph node micrometastases in patients with adenocarcinoma of the esophagogastric junction

Recurrences of adenocarcinoma of the esophagogastric junction are frequent even in patients who are classified as pN0 after radical resection, suggesting that occult nodal metastases may have been missed on routine histologic examination. Immunohistochemical analysis using antibodies to cytokeratin was retrospectively performed in 1301 lymph nodes from 46 patients who tmderwent surgical resection for adenocarcinoma of the esophagogastric junction through a laparotomy and a right thoracotomy. Compared to routinely stained sections, the total number of metastatic lymph nodes was significantly (P = 0.0001) increased when both serial sectioning and anticytokeratin immunohistochemical analysis were performed. Overall 6 (33.3 %) of the 18 patients previously considered NO were recategorized as NI for the presence of micrometastases to lesser curvature nodes. Three of these patients had recurrent disease within the first year of follow-up. Both the probability of survival or no recurrence and the disease-free survival were significantly greater in patients in whom the ratio of invaded to removed lymph nodes was less than 0.2. Anticytokeratin analysis identified occult nodal metastases in one third of our patients with adenocarcinoma of the esophagogastric junction. This modified tumor staging and had an impact on overall and diseasefree survival. Supported by grants from the Fondazione Italiana per la Ricerca sul Cancro and the lstituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Ospedale Maggiore.     

Prognostic significance of lymph node metastases and ratio in esophageal cancer

BACKGROUND: The incidence of carcinoma of the distal esophagus and GE junction is rapidly increasing. A large single-center experience was reviewed to determine the impact of lymph node positivity and ratio on survival. METHODS: All patients undergoing esophagogastrectomy at Thomas Jefferson University Hospital between January 1994 and December 2004 were reviewed. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed using log-rank and Cox proportional hazard models, and survival curves were estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method. RESULTS: Of 173 patients with invasive cancer, 123 (71%) underwent preoperative chemoradiation therapy. The largest number of patients (45%) had adenocarcinoma of the GE junction; 29% of patients had esophageal adenocarcinoma while 14% had squamous cell cancer of the esophagus. Perioperative mortality was 5.7%. Median overall survival of the entire group was 22 months and 5-year overall survival was 27%. The most significant prognostic factor for overall survival was the presence of positive LN (P = 0.01). Additionally, patients with zero involved LN had a 5-year survival of 34%, while patients with 1 to 3 positive LN and >3 positive LN had 5-year survival of 27% and 9%, respectively (P = 0.01). Finally, an increasing ratio of positive to examined LN was linearly associated with a worsening 5-year survival, (P = 0.153). CONCLUSIONS: Increasing number of positive LN in patients with esophageal cancer and increasing ratio of metastatic to examined LN portend a poor prognosis. These factors should play an important role in determining which patients receive adjuvant therapy.