造孔剂种类及含量对高孔隙率多孔陶瓷性能的影响

本文以碳粉和淀粉为造孔剂制备高孔隙率多孔陶瓷,研究了造孔剂的种类和含量对多孔陶瓷气孔率、体积密度和力学性能的影响。结果表明:碳粉和淀粉造孔剂含量分别小于37.5%和25%时,多孔陶瓷形态结构完整,无破损。随着两种造孔剂含量增加,多孔陶瓷气孔率均呈增长趋势,体积密度和抗弯强度相应降低。当造孔剂的含量相同时,该体系中淀粉造孔剂的造孔效果优于碳粉造孔剂,其多孔陶瓷孔隙率最高可达33%、体积密度为1.7 g/cm3。但研究发现,碳粉造孔剂制备的多孔陶瓷强度高于淀粉造孔剂多孔陶瓷。     

造孔剂种类对粉煤灰多孔陶瓷性能的影响研究

以工业废弃物粉煤灰为主要原料,采用添加造孔剂法,分别以淀粉和煤粉为造孔剂,模压成型,在1000℃固相烧结制备粉煤灰多孔陶瓷,用SEM测试分析手段表征不同条件下粉煤灰多孔陶瓷的微观结构变化,研究了造孔剂种类及用量对显气孔率、抗弯强度、吸水率、体积密度、耐酸碱性能的影响.     

SiC多孔陶瓷预成形坯的制备

本文采用真空烧结方法制备SiC多孔陶瓷预成形坯,研究了不同助烧结剂Al2O3-Y2O3、Si、Co和高岭土以及造孔剂羧甲基纤维素(CMC)含量对SiC多孔陶瓷预成形坯气孔率和形貌的影响。结果表明,多元助烧剂Al2O3-Y2O3有利于降低烧结温度和形成液相烧结,并有利于提高SiC多孔陶瓷的孔结构稳定性;羧甲基纤维素含量对烧结预成形坯气孔率和体积密度的影响较大,随着造孔剂CMC含量的增加,SiC多孔陶瓷的气孔率也相应地增加,其体积密度相应减少。     

助烧剂和造孔剂对真空烧结SiC多孔陶瓷性能的影响

以粒度≤0.063mm的SiC为主要原料,分别加入30%(质量分数)的Al2O3-Y2O3与10%的Al2O3-高岭土复合助烧剂,并外加不同量(分别为12.8%、26.3%、30.0%和36.4%)的造孔剂羧甲基纤维素钠(CMC),制样后首先在空气炉中经过300℃2h或1100℃4h的预烧,然后在真空炉中于1550℃4h真空烧结而制备成SiC多孔陶瓷,并研究了助烧剂种类以及造孔剂CMC外加量对SiC多孔陶瓷显微组织、显气孔率及抗折强度的影响。结果显示:采用Al2O3-Y2O3作为助烧剂的SiC多孔陶瓷比Al2O3-高岭土作助烧剂的具有较高的抗折强度,显气孔率稍有减小;随着羧甲基纤维素钠量的增加,加入两种助烧剂的SiC多孔陶瓷均表现为显气孔率增加,抗折强度降低。     

锰渣制多孔材料的制备及其对含汞废水的初步处理

以电解锰渣为原料,采用预处理-混料-陈化-成型-焙烧的方法制多孔材料,并用其对含汞废水进行初步处理的研究。多孔材料制备过程中考察烧结温度、保温时间和造孔剂含量对锰渣多孔材料气孔率、吸水率和体积密度的影响。试验结果表明,制取锰渣多孔材料的最佳条件为:烧结温度为1020℃,保温时间60 min,造孔剂碳粉含量为20%。用该锰渣多孔材料对模拟含汞废水中Hg2+进行吸附,同时对锰渣多孔材料的造孔剂进行了筛选,结果表明选用碳粉做造孔剂为最佳,Hg2+去除率达到56.5%。     

过滤用粉煤灰多孔陶瓷的制备及其渗透性能

以粉煤灰为主要原料,分别添加不同种类(碳粉、木质纤维、电石渣)和不同数量(碳粉添加质量分数为5％～50％,木质纤维添加质量分数为5％～30％,电石渣添加质量分数为0～50％)的造孔剂,以100 MPa压力成型后,在1100℃保温2 h烧结制成多孔陶瓷.结果表明:1)碳粉添加量增多,多孔陶瓷的显气孔率、平均孔径、气体渗透...     

造孔剂对粉煤灰-城市污泥多孔陶瓷性能的影响

以粉煤灰和城市污泥为主要原料,使用淀粉和稻壳为造孔剂,再辅以膨润土、无水硅酸钠为添加剂制备多孔陶瓷。对多孔陶瓷的性能进行了研究,采用XRD、SEM表征多孔陶瓷的微观结构。结果表明,使用稻壳和淀粉作造孔剂都能制备出具有一定的强度和显气孔率的多孔陶瓷,使用稻壳作造孔剂时性能略优于淀粉。当使用40%量稻壳作造孔剂时,可制备出的显气孔率为52.81%,抗折强度9.12 MPa,气孔呈三维连通的优质多孔陶瓷。     

镁渣多孔陶瓷滤球气孔率的调控

以镁工业废渣为主原料,添加一些成孔剂及天然矿物烧结助剂,制备了可用于工业废水及废气处理的高性能镁渣多孔陶瓷滤球。讨论了3种成孔剂的成孔效果和影响气孔率、强度的因素。理化性能和显微结构测试表明,高温成孔剂石墨添加量为20%,烧成温度为1100℃时,样品的显气孔率为56.17%,吸水率为43.76%,体积密度为1.28g/cm3,抗压碎强度为34.21MPa,耐酸性为99.59%,耐碱性为99.81%;低温成孔剂煤粉和白云石的加入也能起到气孔率调控的作用。镁渣多孔陶瓷滤球的气孔分布均匀,呈三维连通状,有利于实现其过滤性能。     

利用不同造孔剂制备Al2O3多孔陶瓷

以炭黑和自制的PS微球（聚苯乙烯微球）、PMMA微球（聚甲基丙稀酸甲酯微球）为造孔剂制备氧化铝多孔陶瓷,通过SEM和其他方法对其强度、密度、外观形貌进行比较。结果表明,用PS微球与PMMA微球为造孔剂的多孔陶瓷在强度、气孔率等这些方面对多孔陶瓷的影响相近,炭黑对多孔陶瓷的各方面影响最大,以炭黑为造孔剂的多孔陶瓷比以PS微球与PMMA微球为造孔剂的多孔陶瓷的强度大、但是气孔率的稳定性差且不易控制。     

NaCl对自蔓延制备多孔金属结合剂的影响

多孔金属结合剂金刚石磨具中气孔的形貌、孔径大小和分布与添加的造孔剂密切相关。以NaCl为可溶性造孔剂,在不同的NaCl含量下分别制备了多孔金属结合剂样品和多孔金属结合剂金刚石样品。研究NaCl含量对多孔金属结合剂的抗折强度、硬度、气孔率、气孔形态和显微结构的影响规律。结果表明:添加NaCl造孔剂后的金属结合剂抗折强度和硬度有所下降,气孔率增加。当添加体积分数5%的NaCl时,使用模具固定制备的样品抗折强度和硬度分别为262.2 MPa和74.1 HRB,均高于不使用模具固定的样品,但是否使用模具固定对金属结合剂的气孔率影响差别不大。     

正交设计优化粉煤灰-煤矸石质多孔陶粒的制备过程

以粉煤灰为主要原料,采用添加造孔剂法制备出了多孔陶粒。为了优化工艺参数,得到性能较好的粉煤灰多孔陶粒,通过正交试验设计,系统地研究了煤矸石的掺量、成孔剂、烧结温度对多孔陶粒的物理化学性能的影响,如气孔率、吸水率、抗压碎强度、物相组成和显微形貌等。研究结果表明,成孔剂是影响多孔陶粒性能的最主要因素。当煤矸石掺量20%、成孔剂15%,经1160℃烧成的多孔陶粒样品有着较大的抗压碎强度,显气孔率也达到58.22%。样品的晶相组成为钙长石,及少量的方石英和赤铁矿。其内部孔隙丰富,大孔与小孔交错分布,是一种兼具较高气孔率和较强力学强度的优质多孔陶瓷。     

不同铝源对SiC/堇青石复相多孔陶瓷的制备及性能影响

以碳化硅、氮化铝、层析氧化铝、氢氧化铝、氟化铝、滑石为主要原料,石墨为造孔剂通过原位反应烧结技术制备碳化硅/堇青石复相多孔陶瓷.研究了含铝化合物种类、烧结温度、石墨含量对SiC/堇青石复相多孔陶瓷相组成、微观结构、气孔率和抗折强度的影响,同时对S0组在1200℃烧结温度下制得的SiC/堇青石复合多孔陶瓷的孔径分布进行了测试分析.结果表明:以AlN为铝源在1200℃下烧结,石墨含量在15％时,堇青石结合SiC多孔陶瓷的抗弯强度和气孔率两项综合性能达到最优,气孔率为31.99％,相应的弯曲强度86.20 MPa.S0组的平均孔径大小在3.0191 μm.     

Preparation and characterization of porous ceramics from nickel smelting slag and metakaolin

Porous ceramics with high porosity and low bulk density were prepared by using nickel slag and metakaolin as the primary raw materials, glass powder as flux, and SiC as the foaming agent. The content of nickel slag and foaming agent had a significant effect on the bulk density, porosity, and flexural strength of the porous ceramics. The porous ceramics with the best properties were obtained at 1100 °C for 30 min with 50 wt% nickel slag, 40 wt% metakaolin, 10 wt% waste glass, and 0.8 wt% SiC. It had a low bulk density (as low as 245 kg/m³), high flexural strength and compressive strength (0.6 MPa and 1.17 MPa, respectively), and high porosity (about 89.8%). The nickel slag was magnetically separated as well. The density of nickel slag powder could be reduced via magnetic separation, and there was no significant change in the crystal structure of the raw material. Compared with porous ceramics prepared using nickel slag without magnetic separation, ceramics subjected to magnetic separation had lower bulk density, higher porosity, and the same phase composition. This study can be used as an indicator for the application of nickel slag in porous ceramics, which is of great significance in providing a great substitute nickel slag towards recovery and utilization.     

梯度多孔载Ag羟基磷灰石陶瓷的制备和性能研究

本文采用添加造孔剂法制备孔隙呈现梯度分布的多孔载Ag羟基磷灰石(Ag-HA)陶瓷.研究了造孔剂分布、烧结温度和载Ag含量对梯度多孔Ag-HA陶瓷孔隙度的影响.分析了烧结产物的物相组成和微观形貌,测量了烧结后梯度多孔Ag-HA陶瓷的压缩性能和抗菌性能.研究结果表明:随着中间层造孔剂含量增加,梯度多孔Ag-HA陶瓷的孔隙度...     

Preparation and performance of lightweight porous ceramics using metallurgical steel slag

In this paper, porous ceramics with high porosity and low bulk density were prepared by using steel slag and kaolin as main raw materials and polyurethane sponge as template. The effects of steel slag particle size, zirconia addition, the solid content of the slurry, and the addition of polycarboxylic acid water-reducing agent on the properties of ceramics were studied. In addition, by adding a surfactant (Sodium dodecyl sulfate) to form fine pores on the original framework of the three-dimensional network porous ceramic, the shortcomings of the single as well as the uncontrollable density and porosity of the porous ceramic, which are produced by the template method, are improved. When the grinding time of steel slag is 90 min, the content of zirconia is 3% wt, the solid content of ceramic slurry is 64% wt, and 0.6% wt polycarboxylic acid water-reducing agent and 0.4% of surfactant are added, the prepared porous ceramic skeleton is clear and good. The porous ceramic has a low bulk density (as low as 157.869 kg/m³), high porosity (about 94.05%) and high compressive strength (0.2 MPa). The crystalline phase of it is mainly composed of anorthite, gehlenite, forsterite and quartz. The addition of zirconia, water-reducing agent and surfactant only changes the macrostructure of porous ceramics, and does not change its crystal phase composition. The preparation of porous ceramics from steel slag not only solves the recycling problem of steel slag, but also provides a good substitute for main raw materials of porous ceramics.     

Al2O3多孔陶瓷的制备和性能研究

采用乙基纤维素为成孔剂制备了Al2O3多孔陶瓷,探讨了工艺参数对其性能的影响。研究结果表明,造孔剂含量、球磨时间及烧结温度均对多孔陶瓷的气孔率和抗折强度有影响。烧结温度的升高使得气孔率降低,但变化不明显,抗折强度明显提高。随造孔剂含量的升高,使得气孔率逐渐上升,超过20％后变化趋于平稳。随着球磨时间的增加,试样呈现气孔率下降和抗折强度升高的趋势。以烧结温度为1580℃,造孔剂含量20％;球磨时间为2．5h的条件下,可获得高显气孔率、抗折强度较高的舢203多孔陶瓷。     

Preparation and properties of porous ceramics from nickel slag by aerogel gelcasting

To further resource industrial solid waste, porous ceramics with high porosity were prepared by a gelcasting method using nickel slag and kaolin as raw materials and hydrophilic nontoxic SiO₂ aerogel as a gelling agent. The effects of nickel slag content, dispersant and solid content on the properties and microstructure of porous ceramics were investigated in detail in terms of density, compressive strength, porosity, phase composition and micromorphology. The results confirmed that a certain amount of nickel slag can effectively improve the porosity of porous ceramics, while the addition of dispersant can promote the flow of the slurry, enhanced the denseness of the raw billet and significantly improved the compressive strength. However, its excessive use had a negative effect on the ceramic density and porosity. At the same time, the solid content played a key role in the performance of porous ceramics prepared by gelcasting, and too much solid content was also not conducive to the generation of pores. When the nickel slag content was 55%, the amount of dispersant was 2%, and the solid content was 60 vol%, the porous ceramic had a better overall performance, the density of the porous ceramic was 510 kg/m³, the compressive strength was 1.3 MPa, and the porosity reached 80.1%. The major crystalline phases of porous ceramics prepared by nickel slag were cordierite and anorthite.     

实验参数对固废基发泡混凝土试块性能的影响研究

以超细粉煤灰和钢渣超微粉为主要原料,配加少量水泥和铝粉发泡剂制备发泡混凝土试块.实验系统考察了不同水灰比、发泡剂掺量、发泡温度对发泡混凝土试块的绝干密度、抗压强度、吸水率和孔隙率的影响.结果表明,铝粉发泡剂掺量从1‰增加到7‰,所得试块的绝干密度和抗压强度分别降低36％和84％;而对应的吸水率和孔隙率增加幅度分别高达79％和30％.水灰比从0.65增加到0.95,所得试块的绝干密度和抗压强度分别降低26％和82％;而对应的吸水率和孔隙率均出现"先增后减"趋势,其中吸水率增加幅度为34％,降低幅度为24％;孔隙率增加幅度为18％,降低幅度为9％.发泡温度从25 ℃增加到90 ℃时,试块的绝干密度和抗压强度整体上呈"先降后升"趋势,绝干密度降幅约为30％,升幅约为60％;抗压强度降幅为50％,升幅高达140％.优化后的实验条件为:铝粉掺量1‰～3‰、水灰比65％～75％、发泡温度40 ℃左右.试块抗压强度与绝干密度随制备条件变化幅度不一致,这说明有可能通过制备工艺优化获得"高强度、低密度"的发泡混凝土产品.     

利用工业废渣生产多微孔胶凝材料的研究

以粉煤灰、电石渣和脱硫石膏为主要原料,掺加少量矿化剂、黏结剂和造孔剂,采用一次低温烧成工艺,制备出具有多微孔结构的新型无机胶凝材料,并对产品性能进行了研究。采用优化配方,在预热温度为400 ℃、焙烧温度为1 220 ℃、保温时间为25 min条件下制备的多微孔胶凝材料,其吸水率为2.10%、表观密度为1.32 g/cm³,3 d抗压强度为8.56 MPa。通过XRD分析可知,合成材料的主要矿物相为硅酸钙和钙铝黄长石。材料采用工业废渣制备,集多孔性和胶凝性,可部分代替水泥和陶粒制成保温砂浆,达到环保节能的目的。