氯代异氰尿酸类产品的生产和应用

介绍氯代异氰尿酸类产品——三氯异氰尿酸、二氯异氰尿酸和二氯异氰尿酸钠的生产工艺、消毒、杀菌及漂白应用情况。     

Analysis and characterization of edible oils by chemometric methods

Chemometric techniques have been used to group samples with similar features as well as to discriminate among experimental data on edible oils. The objective of this study was to provide a simple method for differentiating vegetable oil types and to classify unknown samples using analytical techniques commonly used in the edible oil industry. We used principal component analysis to study the relationship between FA composition, tocopherol levels, CIF (Commission Internationale de l'Eclairage) parameters, and a photometric color index. The total variance in the original data matrix was established mainly by three principal components. Data processing allowed the oil samples to be identified and created a 2-D map as a fingerprint of the oil types. This analysis can be used successfully to differentiate vegetable oil types and classify them as crude or refined oils.     

Solvent effect on synthesis of zirconia support for tungstated zirconia catalysts

Solvothermal reaction of zirconium n-butoxide (ZNB) in different solvent media, such as 1,3-pentanediol, 1,4-butanediol, 1,5-pentanediol and 1,6-hexanediol resulted in the formation of zirconium dioxide (ZrO₂) nanostructure. Then, the 15%W/ZrO₂ (WZ) catalysts using different zirconia supports were prepared by impregnation method. The effects of solvent on preparation of zirconia on the catalytic performance of WZ catalysts in esterification of acetic acid and methanol at 60 °C were investigated. The experimental results showed that ZrO₂ particles prepared in 1,4-butanediol (ZrO₂-BG) have a spherical shape, while in other glycols the samples were irregularly-shaped particles. The reaction results of esterification illustrated that the W/ZrO₂-BG catalysts had high surface acidity and showed high acetic acid conversion. The W/ZrO₂-PeG catalysts (ZrO₂ particles prepared in 1,5-pentanediol, PeG) exhibited the lowest surface acidity among other samples due to strong interaction of proton species and the zirconia supports as proven by TGA. One of the possible reasons can be attributed to different amounts of carbon residue on the surface of catalysts.     

溶剂结晶法直接制备HMX粒度分级产品

在丙酮－乙酸乙酯溶剂中，加入醋酐法生产的粗品α-HMX，根据结晶，转晶原理，通过控制适当的工艺条件和恰当的操作方式，使α-HMX全部转化为β－HMX，同时直接制备出A、C、D、F四个不同粒度级别的产品。     

Study of the oligoester maleinates containing an isocyanuric ring by infrared spectroscopy

Processes taking place in crosslinked oligoester maleinates containing an isocyanuric ring were studied by means of infrared and ESR spectroscopy and heating from 110° to 600°C. By determining the optical density of the carbonyl groups at 1690 cm^?1, of the CH₂? groups at 1460 cm^?1, ether and ester groups at 1120 and 1260 cm^?1, and vinyl groups at 935 and 990 cm^?1, their mutation by hardening and tempering of the polymers was followed. The investigation shows that the carbonyl absorption of the oligoester maleinates containing an isocyanuric ring is double and that of the oligoester propylene-glycol maleinate phthalate is single. By modification of the isocyanuric oligoester maleinates with phthalic, adipic, sebacic, and other acids, and increase of the speed of isomerization of maleric groupings to fumaric is observed. By building of isocyanuric links in oligoester maleinates, a more stable structure is obtained. Above 330°C, isocyanuric links probably regroup into polycyanic links. The typical carbonyl absorption precipitously decreases at 400°C and disappears altogether at 600°C. On the basis of the investigations carried out, it is assumed that, in the process of hardening and thermodestruction of the polymers investigated, and radical processes obviously play an essential part     

无溶剂合成Me3SiOMeRSiMe3〔R=O(CH2)2N(CH3)2〕的研究

利用无溶剂加热方法,以N,N－二甲基乙醇胺(DMEA)和七甲基三硅氧烷（MDHM）为原料,合成Me3SiOMeRSiMe3〔R=O(CH2)2N(CH3)2〕。讨论了反应中反应时间,反应温度,反应物摩尔比,催化剂浓度等因素对反应转化率的影响。采用正交实验,对以无溶剂加热法合成MDHM型三硅氧烷叔胺的工艺进行优化,并利用减压蒸馏分离提纯和气相色谱技术确定纯后产物纯度,并且经过质谱分析和核磁共振鉴定产物的结构。     

Solvent extraction of aflatoxins from contaminated agricultural products

Solvent extraction of agricultural products has been suggested as an effective means of removing aflatoxins from mold-damaged commodities. The use of various polar solvents such as the azeotrope of acetone-hexane-water and of 2-propanol-water, aqueous acetone, and aqueous ethanol has been reported in the literature. This paper examines the overall aspects of solvent extraction, in particular the use of the azeotrope of 2-propanol-water, to remove aflatoxins from prepress solvent extracted cottonseed meal.     

Solvent effect on microstructure of yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) particles in solvothermal synthesis

Using methanol or methanol/2-propanol mixtures as reaction media, yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) particles were synthesized with a solvothermal route. The particles were characterized with X-ray diffractometry (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), laser diffraction technique, and nitrogen adsorption isotherms. Results indicated that cubic/tetragonal YSZ nanocrystals with crystal size lower than 5 nm were obtained and the crystal size depends on solvent composition, reaction temperature and reaction time. For the same reaction temperature and reaction time, the solvent composition also controls YSZ crystal agglomeration behaviour. According to the DLVO theory and analysis of experimental results, the solvent effect on microstructures of YSZ particles in solvothermal synthesis has been discussed. In addition, the mechanism of particle microstructure evolution during solvothermal synthesis has been suggested.     

Solvent effect on catalytic synthesis of chiral compouds with lipase and penicillin G acylase

生物酶催化合成手性药物和中间体具有高效、节能和环境友好等突出的优势,本文从提高催化反应效率的角度,评述了非水相酶催化反应的溶剂效应——溶剂体系对酶的活性和对映选择性的调控作用;介绍了动力学控制合成β-内酰胺类抗生素的不同溶剂体系,包括有机物-水共溶剂体系、有机物-水不共溶剂体系、反胶束体系和双水相体系。提出利用溶剂效应调控动力学合成体系,会有效提高酶催化合成β-内酰胺类抗生素的产率和合成与水解比S/H值,从而实现底物的有效利用。     

Application of chemometric methods to synchronous UV fluorescence spectra of petroleum oils

Fluorescence spectroscopy offers the possibility to make qualitative and quantitative analysis of crude oils. Its sensitivity and selectivity permit its use for oils exploration and production. The study describes a novel approach for identification and discrimination of oils by chemometric treatment of synchronous ultraviolet fluorescence (SUVF) spectra which are usually studied by indexes method.Clusters of samples are obtained according to their geographic origin on a 3D plane using SUVF indexes and in the space of principal components for PCA method. Evaluation of oils composition is performed with MCR-ALS algorithm by extracting spectra of families representing aromatic structures.A PLS calibration, built with spectra intensities as input and oils origin as output allows to identify oils chosen for the prediction. Results show that mathematical exploration of full spectral region leads rapidly to classify and predict some oils properties according to their geochemistry.     

Solvent effects on the products of soybean oil extraction

Summary Ethanol, isopropanol, isobutanol, ethylene dichloride, trichloroethylene, carbon tetrachloride, and hexane (b.p. range 30° to 60°C.) were used as solvents for the extraction of soybean oil and the comparative effect of the solvent on the color and other properties of the oil, meal, and isolated protein was measured. Ethanol extraction gave the best results with respect to the color of oil, meal, and protein, and it also served as a debittering agent for the soybean meal. One of the laboratories of the Bureau of Agricultural and Industrial Chemistry, Agricultural Research Administration, U. S. Department of Agriculture.     

管道化制备三氯异氰尿酸工艺研究

针对三氯异氰尿酸生产工艺的不足之处,提出了改用管道化反应技术,开发了管道反应器连续式生产三氯异氰尿酸的工艺,进而提高了产品质量,减少了三废,提高了生产的安全性。     

Solvent free synthesis of coumarin derivative by the use of AlSBA-1 molecular sieves

AlSBA-1 molecular sieves were synthesized successfully and used for the synthesis of coumarins through Pechmann condensation. The synthesized AlSBA-1 catalysts were characterized by XRD, BET, SEM, FTIR, TGA techniques. The synthesized materials possess large surface area with mesopores. Pechmann condensation of 3-methoxyphenol and ethyl acetoacetate was carried out under solvent free condition and 7-methoxy-4-methylcoumarin was the main product. The selectivity of the product was found to be 74.04%. Among the synthesized catalysts, AlSBA-1(2) showed high activity than others due to high density of acid sites. Hence, AlSBA-1 molecular sieves a better choice of catalyst for the synthesis of coumarins.     

HZSM-5型分子筛绿色催化合成7-羟基-4-甲基香豆素

首次以HZSM-5分子筛为催化剂,以间苯二酚和乙酰乙酸乙酯为原料,在无溶剂条件下合成了标题化合物。实验结果表明:HZSM-5分子筛对Pechmann反应有很高的催化活性,具有催化剂用量(0.3 g/0.1 mol间苯二酚)少、产率较高(达96.7%)、后处理简单和无污染、可重复循环利用(循环使用5次产率高达90%以上)等优点。HZSM-5分子筛催化合成标题化合物反应的最佳条件为:V(间苯二酚)∶V(乙酰乙酸乙酯)=1∶1,催化剂用量0.3 g/0.1 mol间苯二酚,反应1.5 h,反应温度约105℃。     

液相化学法制备纳米粉体材料的研究进展

液相化学法是制备纳米粉体材料的常用方法。从方法的改进与完善、技术的组合与创新方面综述了液相法制备纳米粉体材料的研究进展。总结了我国在纳米粉体材料研究中所取得的成果 ,最后指出了今后急需解决的问题     

不同方法制备二甲醚合成催化剂的物相表征

采用共沉淀法、浸渍法、机械混合法、胶体沉淀法制备了成分相同的二甲醚合成催化剂,通过X射线衍射法和电镜扫描法对催化剂进行了表征。结果发现,4种制备方法中,浸渍法制备的催化剂物相效果最理想,各成分分散均匀,粒径较小,无结块、烧结现象。     

无溶剂合成甲基二羟乙基烯丙基氯化铵

引言近十年来,特别是近几年来,有机化学工作者将无溶剂条件下的有机化学反应提出来进行专门的研究。大量研究结果证明[1-4],许多有机化学反应可以在无溶剂下进行,取得了令人欣喜的结果。与有溶剂条件下的有机反应相比,无溶剂条件下的有     

微波辐射无溶剂催化合成季戊四醇双缩苯甲醛

微波辐射下采用硫酸氢钾作催化剂,无溶剂合成季戊四醇双缩苯甲醛.考察了微波辐射时间、辐射功率、原料配比、催化剂用量对产率的影响.实验表明,当微波辐射功率为465 W、辐射时间为5 min、苯甲醛用量为30 mmol、季戊四醇用量为15 mmol、硫酸氢钾用量为0.3 mmol时,产率可达84.5%.