行车荷载作用下冲填土变形特性试验研究

本文以上海临港新城冲填土地层分布区的道路在车辆振动荷载作用下路基变形为研究对象,以一定的动应力、不同的振动频率来模拟车辆振动荷载,进行了振动三轴试验研究,试验结果表明:在固结比相同,振动幅值相同的情况下,轴向应变随着振动次数的增加呈线性增大;轴向应变随孔隙水压力的增加先缓慢增长,当孔压比达到一定值后,轴向应变会迅速增加,直到破坏;轴向应变与剪应变和径向应变呈良好的线性关系。     

变围压条件下粉质黏土动孔压特性试验研究

为研究变围压条件下粉质黏土的孔压发展规律及强度特性,利用GDS振动三轴试验系统开展了不排水和部分排水时粉质黏土变围压循环三轴试验,研究了变围压应力路径对粉质黏土动孔压变化的影响规律。结果表明:变围压条件下,粉质黏土孔压主要由弹性孔压和残余孔压两部分组成。不排水条件时,粉质黏土最大孔压比随应力路径斜率和循环动应力比增加而增大,最小孔压受循环围压影响较小;部分排水试验时,最大孔压比曲线(r_u~(max)~N)和最小孔压比曲线(r_u~(min)~N)表现为先升后降;当振动次数N2500次后,孔压变化逐渐趋于平稳。最大(小)孔压比均随着循环动应力比的增大而增大,但循环围压幅值对孔压比的影响却不同。最大孔压比r_u~(max)的稳定值随着循环围压幅值的增大而增大,最小孔压比r_u~(min)的稳定值随着循环围压幅值的增大而减小。上述研究成果可为交通循环荷载作用下粉质黏土的强度特性理论研究提供科学依据,为地基灾变控制研究提供技术支撑。     

饱和土和衬砌相互作用的圆形隧洞动力特性

利用 Darcy 渗透定律,通过引入衬砌和土体的相对渗透系数,建立了隧洞边界部分透水条件。将土骨架视为具有分数导数粘弹性本构关系的粘弹性体,基于 Biot 理论,通过界面连续性条件在频率域内给出了简谐轴对称荷载或流体压力作用下饱和粘弹性土-弹性衬砌系统耦合振动时饱和土、衬砌的位移、应力、孔隙水压力表达式,并通过算例分别考察了简谐轴对称荷载、流体压力作用下的分数导数阶数、材料参数比、渗透系数对系统的径向位移幅值 U 、孔隙水压力幅值P 的影响,结果表明：随着分数导数阶数和材料参数比的增加,系统的响应幅值逐渐减小;随着渗透系数κ的增加,轴对称荷载作用下的土体位移幅值和孔隙水压力幅值逐渐减小,当κ大于100时,U 和 P 值无明显变化,流体压力作用下的土体位移幅值和孔隙水压力幅值逐渐增大,当κ大于1时, U 和 P 值无明显变化。     

动荷载作用下高速铁路风积土地基动力特性试验研究

根据辽西地区的地震资料和波速测试资料,通过动三轴试验,进行了地震冲击荷载和列车振动荷载两种动荷载作用下辽西风积土地基的动力特性试验研究。研究结果表明,风积土的动强度、动变形和动模量等指标与荷载类型、持续时间、振动频率和动应力幅值等条件有关。在地震荷载作用下,动荷载频率和动应力幅值越大、震动持续时间越长,其产生的动应变越大;在高速列车振动荷载作用下,土的动强度和动抗剪强度随振动次数的增加而降低;固结比相同时,动弹性模量Ed和动剪切模量Gd随固结压力的增大而增大;随动应变εd的增大而减小,且初始时刻减小速度明显,之后逐渐变缓。     

循环荷载下硅藻土应变和孔压特性

针对嵊州硅藻土的高结构性及地基应力场的复杂多变，应用GDS 动三轴仪进行不同围压和不同循环应力比下的不排水循环加载试验，分析应力-应变滞回曲线演化、应变累积特性、回弹特性及孔压特性．研究表明：循环应力比及围压对原状硅藻土应变和孔压的发展规律影响明显，随着循环应力比的增加，滞回曲线由线性状态转变为非线性状态，且逐渐向x 轴倾斜，累计应变和回弹应变都随着循环应力比的增加而略微增加，但总应变基本小于2 %；残余孔压比随循环应力比增大而增大，范围为0.1~0.5．并且存在一个临界循环应力比，其值随有效围压的增大而减小，范围为0.8~2.2，当循环应力比大于该值时，试样内部产生一个破裂面迅速发生破坏．在相同循环应力比下，试样的应变随着有效围压的增大而增大．     

基于动量原理的大坡度沥青路面动水压力计算及影响因素分析Calculation and influence factors analysis for hydrodynamic pressure of asphalt pavement with large slope based on momentum theorem

在多雨地区长大纵坡沥青路面是雨天事故多发区域。应用动量定理,建立了沥青路面动水压力的力学计算模型,并系统分析了车辆荷载、行车速度和道路纵坡对动水压力的影响。结果表明,当水膜厚度＜3 mm时,动水压力随车速及车辆荷载的增大而增大,上坡时,动水压力随着纵坡坡度的增大而增大,下坡时,动水压力随着纵坡坡度的增大而减小。当水膜厚度＞3 mm时,动水压力随车速、车辆荷载增大而增大,上坡时,动水压力随着纵坡坡度的增大而增大,下坡时,动水压力随着纵坡坡度的增大呈先缓慢增加然后又缓慢减小的变化趋势;无论是上坡还是下坡,动水压力都随着车轮半径的增大而增大。本研究成果为多雨地区长大纵坡沥青路面重载交通高速行车易发生交通事故提供了理论分析依据。     

基于动量原理的大坡度沥青路面动水压力计算及影响因素分析

在多雨地区长大纵坡沥青路面是雨天事故多发区域。应用动量定理,建立了沥青路面动水压力的力学计算模型,并系统分析了车辆荷载、行车速度和道路纵坡对动水压力的影响。结果表明,当水膜厚度3mm时,动水压力随车速及车辆荷载的增大而增大,上坡时,动水压力随着纵坡坡度的增大而增大,下坡时,动水压力随着纵坡坡度的增大而减小。当水膜厚度3mm时,动水压力随车速、车辆荷载增大而增大,上坡时,动水压力随着纵坡坡度的增大而增大,下坡时,动水压力随着纵坡坡度的增大呈先缓慢增加然后又缓慢减小的变化趋势;无论是上坡还是下坡,动水压力都随着车轮半径的增大而增大。本研究成果为多雨地区长大纵坡沥青路面重载交通高速行车易发生交通事故提供了理论分析依据。     

受移动简谐力作用的多孔弹性半平面问题

研究了匀速移动的振动荷载作用下半无限多孔饱和固体中产生的应力和孔隙水压力．应用Fourier变换求解该问题的控制偏微分方程,考虑了荷载的移动速度及振动频率对多孔饱和固体中应力与孔隙水压力的影响,并与相应的弹性介质的解答进行了比较．结果显示多孔饱和半平面中应力和孔隙水压力随荷载的移动速度与振动频率的增加而增大,多孔饱和固体在移动荷载下的动力响应与相应的单相弹性固体的动力响应有较大的差别。     

邯郸与太原两地粉土动力特性的试验研究

对邯郸5个工程场区和太原1个工程场区的粉土进行了循环荷载幅值为不规则变化的动模量试验。试验研究发现,粉土的动模量衰减的比砂土慢;其动模量衰减到最大动模量的85%时,开始表现出塑性特征,因此,在动模量衰减到最大动模量的85%之前降低循环动荷载的幅值,动模量仍能大部分回到初始值。粘粒含量的变化使粘粒在粉土中表现出不同的作用,当粘粒含量小于10%时,动强度随粘粒含量的增加而降低;当粘粒含量大于10%后,动强度随粘粒含量的增加而增加。     

交通荷载作用下安宁地区超固结重塑红黏土的动力特性试验研究

针对中石油云南石化铁路专用线高填路基填料红黏土,通过GDS振动三轴仪进行了一系列不同超固结比、围压、动应力幅值条件下重塑红黏土的循环加载动三轴试验,重点分析了不同因素对该地区超固结重塑红黏土的临界动应力、累积轴向动应变、动弹性模量以及动强度的影响规律。试验结果表明:超固结重塑红黏土在交通荷载作用下的临界动应力随超固结比、围压的增大而线性增大;超固结重塑红黏土的动强度与超固结比、围压成正比关系,循环振动次数对超固结红黏土的动内摩擦角影响较小,而对动黏聚力影响较大。上述试验结果可为该地区超固结重塑红黏土作为路基填料的工程提供一定实用价值。     

卸荷条件下粉质粘土变形性状研究

通过室内应力控制的三轴试验研究卸荷条件下土体的应力-应变关系和孔隙水压力变化特征,得到变形模量的确定方法。研究表明:在初始偏压应力固结条件下,无论是轴向压力保持不变而侧向压力不断卸荷,还是轴向压力和侧向压力同时卸荷,其应力-应变关系均表现为较好的双曲线函数关系。而且,侧向固结压力愈大,强度值愈大。在卸荷过程中,随剪切应力的增大和剪切应变的发展,土样呈现剪胀趋势并在后期产生较大的负孔隙水压力。不排水条件下由于负孔隙水压力的存在,土样的表观强度略有增大。     

循环荷载下岩石阻尼行为的试验研究

为了深入地了解岩石的阻尼特性,利用WDT–1500多功能材料试验机,对砂岩、砾岩和砂砾岩进行了循环荷载试验,研究了岩石的动剪切模量和阻尼参数对应力、应变幅值和应力水平的响应特性,得到了动弹性模量和阻尼参数随应力幅值、应力水平及含水率的变化规律,讨论了其变化机理。证实了双曲线关系能够描述分级循环荷载作用下岩石的应力-应变关系,得到了动剪切模量和阻尼比与动应力、动应变之间的关系,建立了不同应力水平和不同应力幅值条件下岩石的动剪切模量与阻尼比关系模型,结果表明该模型能够描述分级循环荷载过程中阻尼行为。     

Several contributions to soil compactibility induced by cyclic loading test

To investigate the soil compactibility during the cyclic loading, three different kinds of paddy field soils were prepared so as to clarify interrelationships among stress amplitude ratio, bulk density, soil water content and pore water pressure. The presetting values of specimen include the soil water content(percent dry basis) and bulk density of 25% d.b. and 1.1 Mg/m³ respectively. The relation between the number of cyclic loading and axial strain exhibited an asymptotically increasing trend, converging toward a specific value for each experimental condition. Possible effect caused by elastic–plastic characteristics could be recognized, when axial strain for 0.5 Hz excitation becomes greater than the one of 1.0 Hz under same stress amplitude ratio. When the stress amplitude ratio took 0.1, the absolute value of axial strain of 0.5 Hz was greater than the one of 1.0 Hz, whereas its decreasing trend was recognized in the sequence of silt, clay and silty sand. The qualitative relations between pore water pressure and number of cyclic loading were also examined to scrutinize the effect of effective water pressure to the soil compactibility.     

Exploring the undrained cyclic behavior of methane-hydrate-bearing sediments using CFD–DEM

Based on the mechanical experimental results of methane hydrate (MH), a bond contact model considering the rate-dependency of MH is proposed. A CFD–DEM scheme considering fluid compressibility is used to simulate a series of undrained cyclic shear tests of numerical methane-hydrate-bearing sediment (MHBS) samples. The dynamic behavior, including stress–strain relationship, dynamic shear modulus, and damping ratio, is investigated. In addition, the force chains, contact fabric and averaged pure rotation rate (APR) are examined to investigate the relationships between micromechanical variables and macromechanical responses in the DEM MH samples. The effects of temperature, confining pressure and MH saturation are also analyzed. Due to the micro-structural strengthening by the MH bonds, no obvious change in microscopic quantities is observed, and the samples remain at the elastic stage under the applied low-shear stress level. When confining pressure and MH saturation increase, the dynamic elastic modulus increases, while the damping ratio decreases. An increasing temperature (leading to weakening of MH bonds) can lower the dynamic elastic modulus, but has almost no impact on the damping ratio. On the contrary, an increasing cyclic shear stress level lowers the damping ratio, but has almost no effect on the dynamic elastic modulus.     

频繁动力扰动对围压卸载中高储能岩体的动力学影响

基于冬瓜山铜矿深部巷道围岩开挖过程中面临的高应力和频繁爆破扰动问题，利用改进的SHPB动静组合加载系统，开展了频繁动力扰动对围压卸载中高储能岩体动力学影响的研究。研究结果表明，围压卸载中的矽卡岩受到动力扰动时，其动态峰值应力和弹性模量随动力扰动次数非线性变化。围压卸载中的高储能矽卡岩受到动力扰动时会释放能量。轴压促使岩样内微裂隙轴向发育，造成岩样抵抗动力扰动能力减弱；围压减缓岩样内微裂隙轴向发育，造成岩样抵抗动力扰动能力增强。动力扰动对微裂隙扩展有促进作用，使围压卸载中的岩样由拉伸破坏向剪切破坏转变。     

Micro-scale behavior of granular materials during cyclic loading

This study presents the micro-scale behavior of granular materials under biaxial cyclic loading for differ- ent confining pressures using the two-dimensional （2D） discrete element method （DEM）. Initially, 8450 ovals were generated in a rectangular frame without any overlap. Four dense samples having confining pressures of 15, 25, 50, and 100 kPa were prepared from the initially generated sparse sample. Numeri- cal simulations were performed under biaxial cyclic loading using these isotropically compressed dense samples. The numerical results depict stress-strain-dilatancy behavior that was similar to that observed in experimental studies. The relationship between the stress ratio and dilatancy rate is almost indepen- dent of confining pressures during loading but significantly dependent on the confining pressures during unloading. The evolution of the coordination number, effective coordination number and slip coordina- tion number depends on both the confining pressures and cyclic loading. The cyclic loading significantly affects the microtopology of the granular assembly. The contact fabric and the fabric-related anisotropy are reported, as well. A strong correlation between the stress ratio and the fabric related to contact normals is observed during cyclic loading, irrespective of confining pressures.     

Fluid pressure response in poroelastic materials subjected to cyclic loading

When cyclic loading is applied to poroelastic materials, a transient stage of interstitial fluid pressure occurs, preceding a steady state. In each stage, the fluid pressure exhibits a characteristic mechanical behavior. In this study, an analytical solution for fluid pressure in two-dimensional poroelastic materials, which is assumed to be isotropic, under cyclic axial and bending loading is presented, based on poroelasticity. The obtained analytical solution contains transient and steady-state responses. Both of these depend on three dimensionless parameters: the dimensionless stress coefficient; the dimensionless frequency; and, the axial-bending loading ratio. We focus particularly on the transient behavior of interstitial fluid pressure with changes in the dimensionless frequency and the axial-bending loading ratio. The transient properties, such as half-value period and contribution factor, depend largely on the dimensionless frequency and have peak values when its value is about 10. This suggests that, under these conditions, the transient response can significantly affect the mechanical behavior of poroelastic materials.     

Micro-scale behavior of granular materials during cyclic loading

This study presents the micro-scale behavior of granular materials under biaxial cyclic loading for different confining pressures using the two-dimensional (2D) discrete element method (DEM). Initially, 8450 ovals were generated in a rectangular frame without any overlap. Four dense samples having confining pressures of 15, 25, 50, and 100 kPa were prepared from the initially generated sparse sample. Numerical simulations were performed under biaxial cyclic loading using these isotropically compressed dense samples. The numerical results depict stress–strain–dilatancy behavior that was similar to that observed in experimental studies. The relationship between the stress ratio and dilatancy rate is almost independent of confining pressures during loading but significantly dependent on the confining pressures during unloading. The evolution of the coordination number, effective coordination number and slip coordination number depends on both the confining pressures and cyclic loading. The cyclic loading significantly affects the microtopology of the granular assembly. The contact fabric and the fabric-related anisotropy are reported, as well. A strong correlation between the stress ratio and the fabric related to contact normals is observed during cyclic loading, irrespective of confining pressures.