功能化离子液体在缩醛（酮）反应中催化性能的研究

研究了磺酸功能化离子液体在缩醛(酮)反应中的催化性能.系统考察了离子液体催化剂、反应时间、反应温度、底物用量比和催化剂用量等因素的影响以及底物的适用性.研究结果表明:磺酸功能化离子液体[C4H8SO3Hm im]p-TSA是缩醛(酮)反应有效的催化剂,其催化活性主要由阳离子决定;该催化体系具有很好的重复使用性,经十次循环后催化活性未见明显降低.     

吗啉基功能化酸性离子液体催化苯酚-叔丁醇选择性烷基化反应

研究了吗啉基磺酸功能化离子液体催化苯酚与叔丁醇的烷基化反应.考察不同的功能化离子液体、反应时间、反应温度、苯酚与叔丁醇的摩尔比以及离子液体的用量等反应条件对烷基化反应的影响,并考察了离子液体的循环使用.研究结果表明离子液体用量为20%苯酚时,在最佳优化条件下苯酚的转化率和选择性分别为92.4%和64.1%;离子液体重复使用三次,其催化活性不变.     

SO3H-功能化离子液体的合成及用于催化酯化反应的研究

采用两步法制备了一种基于4-二甲氨基吡啶(DMAP)的SO3H-功能化Brnsted酸性离子液体,并将其应用于催化1,4-丁二醇与乙酸的酯化反应。DMAP与1,3-丙烷磺酸内酯(PS)反应生成单一的两性离子化合物,收率接近100%。该离子液体对1,4-丁二醇与乙酸的酯化反应催化活性较高,在温度为40℃时酯化率可达88.1%,选择性为100%,催化剂易与产物分离,且可以循环使用。     

磺酸功能化离子液体催化3-羟基丙酸甲酯酯交换聚合反应

以磺酸功能化咪唑离子液体为催化剂,以3-羟基丙酸甲酯为原料,采用自身酯交换法合成了具有生物可降解性能的聚羟基脂肪酸酯.系统考察了离子液体种类、反应温度以及聚合反应时间对反应性能的影响,同时采用红外、核磁、热分析等手段对产物进行表征.研究结果表明:阴离子为CF3SO-3的磺酸功能化离子液体在120℃的低温下催化聚合反应所得聚酯Mw可达10 159,收率82.1%;通过水洗方法可有效去除产物中的离子液体催化剂,从而避免催化剂污染产物.     

新型异核双阳离子型磺酸功能化离子液体的合成及其催化活性

合成了三种基于1-吗啉基-3-咪唑基丙烷异核双阳离子的新型二磺酸功能化BrΦsted酸性离子液体:1-[4-(4-磺酸丁基)吗啉基-3-[3-(4-磺酸丁基)咪唑基]丙烷二(三氟甲烷磺酸)盐{A,[(C4SO3H)m(C4SO3H)i]p(OTf)2}、1-[4-(4-磺酸丁基)吗啉基-3-[3-(4-磺酸丁基)咪唑基]丙烷二硫酸氢盐{B,[(C4SO3H)m(C4SO3H)i]p(HSO4)2}及1-[4-(4-磺酸丁基)吗啉基-3-[3-(4-磺酸丁基)咪唑基]丙烷二磷酸二氢盐{C,[(C4SO3H)m(C4SO3H)i]p(H2PO4)2}.其结构经FT-IR、MS、NMR等确认.选择吗啉、甲基咪唑单磺酸功能化离子液体作为对照组,以苯甲醛与环己酮之间的交叉Aldol缩合反应考察了其催化活性.用Hammett方法测定了其酸性,实验结果表明,所合成的三种双磺酸功能化离子液体的催化能力比单磺酸功能化离子液体的强,其酸性次序与催化活性相一致.其中,阴离子为三氟甲烷磺酸根的离子液体对18种Aldol缩合反应底物有极好的适应性,并且催化活性最强,产率高达90%,在重复使用10次后,仍保持较高的反应活性.关键词二磺酸功能化离子液体;合成;催化活性;Hammett方法;交叉Aldol缩合反应;重复使用     

磺酸功能化双核离子液体催化合成双酚F

合成并表征了4种具有Brnsted酸性的磺酸功能化咪唑类离子液体催化剂,考察了其在催化苯酚、甲醛合成双酚F反应中的催化活性.结果表明磺酸功能化双核离子液体双-(3-磺酸丙基-1-咪唑)亚丁基硫酸氢盐([DPSIM][HSO4]2)不仅催化活性最佳,还提高了4,4’-双酚F异构体的含量.以[DPSIM][HSO4]2为催化剂,在苯酚与甲醛摩尔比30∶1、离子液体催化剂质量浓度6.8%、反应温度90℃、反应时间60 min的优化条件下,双酚F收率可达94.1%,同时提出了其催化合成双酚F的反应机理.该离子液体催化剂腐蚀性低,易分离回收,在重复使用6次后,双酚F收率仍在70%以上.     

吗啡啉碱性离子液体催化合成油酸甲酯

采用两步法合成了由阳离子N-甲基-N-丁基吗啡啉和阴离子氢氧根搭配的[Nbmm]OH新型碱性离子液体。实验利用FT-IR、元素分析和TGA分别对该离子液体的化学结构和热稳定性进行了表征。结果表明,该离子液体的热稳定性超过200℃。对该离子液体的溶解性能进行了考察, 结果表明,该离子液体能与强极性溶剂互溶,而且其水溶液的碱性较强。为了考察该离子液体对酯化反应的催化活性,实验过程中以油酸和甲醇反应生成油酸甲酯的酯化反应为模型反应,评价该离子液体的催化活性。结果表明,当反应温度60℃、酸醇比为1:6、离子液体加入量为原料总质量的15%、反应10 h时,油酸转化率达93.9%,而且该离子液体易于从反应体系中分离,可以循环使用。     

吗啡啉功能化酸性离子液体的合成、表征及其催化酯化性能

制备和表征了三种新型质子酸离子液体: 吗啡啉硫酸氢盐([Hnhm]HSO4)、4-甲基吗啡啉硫酸氢盐 ([Hnmm]HSO4)和SO3H-功能化的4-(3-磺丙基)吗啡啉硫酸氢盐([C3SO3Hnhm]HSO4). 以氯乙酸(CAA)和乙醇合成氯乙酸乙酯的酯化反应考察了它们的酸性和催化活性, 并与1-(3-磺酸基)丙基-3-甲基咪唑硫酸氢盐、1-(3-磺丙基)吡啶硫酸氢盐、1-(3-磺丙基)-2-吡咯烷酮硫酸氢盐等三种具有不同氮杂环的SO3H-功能化酸性离子液体以及浓硫酸相对照. 结果表明, 上述SO3H-功能化离子液体对酯化反应的催化性能比非SO3H-功能化的[Hnhm]HSO4和[Hnmm]HSO4都高, 等同甚至优于浓硫酸. 当反应条件为: n(EtOH)∶n(CAA)∶n([C3SO3Hnhm]HSO4)＝1.3∶1∶0.2, 反应温度80 ℃, 反应时间3 h, 酯收率可达93.4%. 而且离子液体经真空干燥重复使用9次, 催化活性仍无明显下降. 以[C3SO3Hnhm]HSO4催化乙酸和不同醇的酯化反应获得较高的酯收率和选择性, 离子液体跟酯产物均能自动分相. 还考察了SO3H-功能化酸性离子液体对奥氏体316不锈钢的腐蚀性. 尽管SO3H-功能化离子液体与硫酸的酸性相近, 但对钢试样的腐蚀率不到硫酸的1/3.     

酸性离子液体的合成和光谱表征

合成了基于N-甲基咪唑、2-吡咯烷酮阳离子的两个Br nsted酸性离子液体系列:[Hmim]HSO4/BF4、[Hnhp]HSO4/BF4以及两种—SO3H功能化酸性离子液体1-(3-磺酸基)丙基-3-甲基咪唑硫酸氢盐([C3SO3Hmim]HSO4)、N-(3-磺酸基)丙基吡咯烷酮硫酸氢盐([C4SO4Hnnp]HSO4)。其中,[Hnhp]HSO4/BF4,[C4SO4Hnnp]HSO4是本实验设计合成的新型酸性离子液体,而咪唑类离子液体用于对照。上述6种离子液体均以核磁共振、电喷雾质谱、红外光谱和紫外光谱分析法对结构加以表征并确认;并以它们作为溶剂和催化剂对乙酸、乙醇酯化反应进行初步试验,结果表明所合成的新型酸性离子液体(尤其是引入磺酸基的)是酯化反应较理想的绿色液体酸催化剂。     

具有催化活性功能化离子液体制备技术取得进展

中国科学院兰州化学物理研究所羰基合成与选择氧化国家重点实验室分子催化与技术研究组近年来开展了功能化离子液体的制备方法与应用研究,成功制备了含磺酸酯基侧链室温离子液体并应用于催化醇酸酯化反应,近日获得国家发明专利。     

Acidic Ionic Liquids as Efficient and Environmentally Benign Medium for the Synthesis of 2-Phenylbenzimidazole

2‐Substituted benzimidazoles have been synthesized in excellent yields under solvent‐free conditions using a series of acidic ionic liquids as catalysts. The results indicate that SO₃H‐functionalized ionic liquids show higher catalytic activities than other acidic ionic liquids. The effects of reaction conditions such as the amounts of ionic liquids, the ratio of reactants were investigated. A Hammett method was used to determine the acidity order of these ionic liquids and the results were found to be relevant to the catalytic activities observed in the synthesis reaction. Besides, the reaction mechanism was stimulated using DFT method.     

离子液体对淀粉酶催化反应的影响

用分光光度法研究了二烷基咪唑氯类和二烷基咪唑磷酸酯类离子液体对淀粉酶催化反应的影响,通过吸光度的变化来测定淀粉水解的程度。 结果表明,这两类离子液体对淀粉酶催化反应均有明显的抑制作用,其中1-己基-3-甲基咪唑氯[HMIM]Cl的抑制作用最大。 而且,对于相同的阴离子,随着阳离子咪唑环烷基取代基链长的增加,抑制作用也增加。     

Synthesis and Characterization of Ammonium-, Pyridinium-, and Pyrrolidinium-Based Sulfonamido Functionalized Ionic Liquids

New homologous ammonium-, pyridinium-, and pyrrolidinium-based sulfonamido functionalized ionic liquids have been synthesized in two steps using monoethanolamine, methanesulfonyl chloride, and tosyl chloride as precursors with ethanol as solvent. Attempts to synthesize dual amino functionalized ionic liquid containing both a primary and a secondary amine group in the same ionic liquid are also reported. All functionalized ionic liquids were characterized by ¹H and ¹³C NMR. Melting point and thermal stability of the functionalized ionic liquids were measured by differential scanning calorimetry and thermogravimetric analysis.     

离子液体共价键功能化氧化石墨烯负载催化材料催化反应研究进展

氧化石墨烯由于其独特的结构和性能赋予了它作为催化剂的先天优势,功能化的氧化石墨烯为其应用领域的拓展和效果提升提供了更多的发展契机,成为目前的研究趋势,离子液体功能化的氧化石墨烯结合二者自身优势的基础上,并由于协同作用具有更加优异的催化性能,广泛应用于众多反应中.我们针对离子液体共价键功能化的氧化石墨烯负载催化剂常见的催化反应,包括环加成反应,氧化反应,偶联反应,酯交换反应,乌尔曼反应,重排反应,光催化和电催化在近年来的研究进展进行了相关综述.     

D,L‐α‐Tocopherol Synthesis Catalyzed by the Brønsted Acidic Ionic Liquids

Abstract

The synthesis of D,L‐α‐tocopherol from trimethylhydroquinone and isophytol using the Brønsted acidic SO₃H‐functionalized ionic liquids as catalysts was explored. The catalytic activities of the SO₃H‐functionalized ionic liquids were dependent on their anions. The yield of D,L‐α‐tocopherol also depended on the solvent, which was the reaction medium. A yield of 94.3% was obtained using the SO₃H‐functionalized ionic liquid with [BF₄ ^?] anion as catalyst in propylene carbonate/heptane. The reaction mixture exhibited good biphasic behaviors, so that the produced D,L‐α‐tocopherol could be separated by decantation. The SO₃H‐functionalized ionic liquids could be reused after the removal of water.     

含氰基离子液体的合成、表征及流变性质研究

摘要合成、 表征了一系列新的含氰基咪唑类离子液体. 测定了该离子液体的密度、 熔点及溶解性等物理性质, 研究了其在稳态、 瞬态和动态条件下的流变行为. 结果表明, 当剪切速率在0.1～50 s^-1范围内时, 其粘度不随剪切速率的变化而变化, 但随温度升高而降低, 粘流活化能随取代基长度变化呈现规律性变化. 对于1-丁基-3-氰乙基咪唑六氟磷酸盐离子液体, 维持剪切速率不变时, 其剪切应力和粘度均不随时间变化, 且随着温度的升高而降低; 在动态条件下, 在线性粘弹区, 复合粘度和损耗模量G″ 随温度升高而降低. 关键词     

Charge ordering and intermediate range order in ammonium ionic liquids

Molecular dynamics simulations were performed for ionic liquids based on the bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide anion, [NTf(2)], and ammonium cations with increasing length of the alkyl chain and ether functionalized chain. The signature of charge ordering is a sharp peak in the charge-charge structure factor, S(qq)(k), whose intensity is barely affected for longer carbon chain in tetraalkylammonium systems, but decreases in ether functionalized ionic liquids. The first sharp diffraction peak (FSDP) and the corresponding intermediate range order (IRO) are observed in the total S(k) of ionic liquids containing ammonium cations with relatively long chains. The intensity of the FSDP is lower in the total S(k) of the ether derivative in comparison with the tetraalkylammonium counterpart of the same chain length. It is shown that the nature of the IRO is structural heterogeneity of polar and non-polar domains, even though domains defined by chain interactions in the ether derivatives become more polar. Charge correlation in the ether derivative is modified because cations can be coordinated by oxygen atoms of the ether functionalized chain of neighboring cations.     

Multifunctional periodic mesoporous organosilica supported dual imidazolium ionic liquids as novel and efficient catalysts for heterogeneous Knoevenagel condensation

A type of multifunctional periodic mesoporous organosilica supported dual imidazolium ionic liquids PMO-IL-anion have been designed and prepared, characterized and evaluated as heterogeneous catalysts for the Knoevenagel condensation. The as-fabricated supported ionic liquids show good catalytic performances in the Knoevenagel condensation at room temperature, especially the supported ionic liquids PMO-IL-NTf₂ and PMO-IL-PF₆, based on a synergetic effect between the Lewis-base-type sites of dual functionalized imidazolium ionic liquids and active sites of periodic mesoporous organosilica. The best catalytic performance over PMO-IL-NTf₂ was observed with excellent yields of 93～99% in a short time of 20～30 min. In addition, the heterogeneous catalyst offers simple operation for recovery and the recycling test showed that it could be reused for five times without significant loss of catalytic activity, thus making this process economical and environmental-friendly.     

Atom transfer carbonylation using ionic liquids as reaction media

Photo-induced ATC reactions of RI, CO, and amines to produce amides, were examined using ionic liquids, such as [bmim]PF₆ and [bmim]NTf₂, as reaction media in the presence of a catalytic amount of a Pd–carbene complex. When the primary alkyl iodide was used, the yield of the amide was lowered due to competing S_N2 reactions between RI and amines, whereas the reaction of the tertiary alkyl iodides was dependent on the structure of the substrates. ATC reactions of a wide variety of secondary RI proceeded smoothly when ionic liquids were used as reaction media. The Pd-catalyst and ionic liquid could also be recycled.