微生物生产共轭亚油酸的研究

介绍了共轭亚油酸的结构、性质、作用和机理 ,以及微生物生产共轭亚油酸的研究进展     

利用微生物生产共轭亚油酸研究

该文介绍功能性油脂共轭亚油酸结构及其主要生理功能、生物合成机制及微生物生产共 轭亚油酸研究进展;主要对产生共轭亚油酸的各种微生物及其作用机制进行讨论,重点介绍利用乳 酸茵生产共轭亚油酸研究情况。     

生物合成共轭亚油酸菌种的筛选与鉴定

从传统泡菜和生牛乳中筛选出一株乳酸菌ZS2058能生物合成共轭亚油酸,经API系统鉴定为植物乳杆菌(Lactobacillusplantarum).该菌株在MRS培养基中将质量分数11.6%的亚油酸(1.024mg/mL)转化为共轭亚油酸,经气相色谱分析证实c9,t11 18∶2占75.9%,t10,c12 18∶2占24.1%.     

乳酸菌UV_3-9包埋固定化技术发酵产共轭亚油酸

采用包埋法将乳酸菌UV3-9固定化处理后,对该固定化乳酸菌小球进行了发酵生产共轭亚油酸(CLA)的研究。结果显示,固定化小球的最佳直径为2～3 mm,固定化小球在氯化钙和硼酸混合液中需浸泡过夜;固定后的小球发酵产CLA最佳条件为:发酵温度37℃,初始pH 6.5,发酵时间28 h,底物LA添加量为0.3%,CLA最大产量达到92.061μg/mL。该固定化乳酸菌小球已完成了7批次的共轭亚油酸发酵,其产量均在80.476μg/mL以上。而且固定化UV3-9的CLA发酵产量是游离UV3-9的1.28倍。     

乳酸菌合成共轭亚油酸及其应用研究进展

共轭亚油酸(conjugated linoleic acid,CLA)是一种具有多种生理活性的功能性脂肪酸,在食品、保健品中具有广阔的应用前景。然而,天然来源的CLA含量很低,不能满足人类需求。乳酸菌可以合成CLA,且广泛用于食品加工领域,利用乳酸菌开发富含CLA的功能食品是当今的研究热点。为推动CLA功能食品的研究开发,该文对合成共轭亚油酸乳酸菌的研究进展、合成共轭亚油酸乳酸菌的益生性研究以及将产CLA乳酸菌应用到食品和饲料中的研究现状进行综述,并对利用乳酸菌合成CLA进而应用于功能食品进行展望。     

Bacterial Production of Conjugated Linoleic and Linolenic Acid in Foods: A Technological Challenge

Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) and conjugated linolenic acid (CLNA) isomers are present in foods derived from ruminants as a result of the respective linoleic acid (LA) and α-linolenic acid (LNA) metabolism by ruminal microorganisms and in animals’ tissues. CLA and CLNA have isomer-specific, health-promoting properties, including anticarcinogenic, antiatherogenic, anti-inflammatory, and antidiabetic activity, as well as the ability to reduce body fat. Besides ruminal microorganisms, such as Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens, many food-grade bacteria, such as bifidobacteria, lactic acid bacteria (LAB), and propionibacteria, are able to convert LA and LNA to CLA and CLNA, respectively. Linoleate isomerase activity, responsible for this conversion, is strain-dependent and probably related to the ability of the producer strain to tolerate the toxic effects of LA and LNA. Since natural concentrations of CLA and CLNA in ruminal food products are relatively low to exert their health benefits, food-grade bacteria with linoleate isomerase activity could be used as starter or adjunct cultures to develop functional fermented dairy and meat products with increased levels of CLA and CLNA or included in fermented products as probiotic cultures. However, results obtained so far are below expectations due to technological bottlenecks. More research is needed to assess if bacterial production kinetics can be increased and can match food processing requirements.     

Conjugated Linoleic Acid and Fatty Acid Composition of Yogurt Produced from Milk of Cows Fed Soy Oil and Conjugated Linoleic Acid

ABSTRACT: Yogurt was processed from milk from Holstein cows whose diets were supplemented with soy oil (5%) and/or conjugated linoleic acids (CLA, 1%) to determine the effect of processing and dietary supplementation on CLA and fatty acid composition. Processing and storage for 7 d did not significantly affect CLA or fatty acid composition. CLA contents of milk and yogurt increased 2.8- and 2-fold by soy oil and CLA supplementation, respectively. Contents of saturated fatty acids decreased and trans -octadecenoic acids increased with the soy-oil-supplementation. The addition of CLA to soy-oil-supplemented diets did not significantly affect the CLA and fatty acid composition of the yogurt.     

共轭亚油酸生物合成及其对肠道菌群影响的研究进展

共轭亚油酸(CLA)是一种人和动物自身无法合成但又不可缺少的脂肪酸,它具有抗癌、抗肥胖、抗动脉粥样硬化、抗糖尿病等潜在生理功能,被广泛用作食品营养补充剂。由于天然CLA来源较少、化学合成副产物较多,而利用乳酸菌生物合成的CLA结构单一且转化效率高,是一种有前景的合成方法。目前微生物将亚油酸(LA)转化为CLA的机制主要有2种,即以瘤胃微生物为主的生物氢化合成和乳酸菌为代表的多酶系合成。现有研究表明,CLA具有调节肠道菌群的作用,并指出其潜在生理功能可能与其对肠道微生态的影响密切相关。文章总结了CLA生物合成和影响因素,分析了CLA的生物合成机制以及其对肠道菌群的调节作用,为进一步筛选出高产CLA菌株和CLA的产业化应用提供理论依据。     

Effect of Dietary Starch or Micro Algae Supplementation on Rumen Fermentation and Milk Fatty Acid Composition of Dairy Cows

Two experiments with rumen-fistulated dairy cows were conducted to evaluate the effects of feeding docosahexaenoic acid (DHA; C22:6 n-3)-enriched diets or diets provoking a decreased rumen pH on milk fatty acid composition. In the first experiment, dietary treatments were tested during 21-d experimental periods in a 4 × 4 Latin square design. Diets included a control diet, a starch-rich diet, a bicarbonate-buffered starch-rich diet, and a diet supplemented with DHA-enriched micro algae [Schizochytrium sp., 43.0 g/kg of dry matter intake (DMI)]. Algae were supplemented directly through the rumen fistula. The total mixed ration consisted of grass silage, corn silage, soybean meal, and a standard or glucogenic concentrate. The glucogenic and buffered glucogenic diet had no effect on rumen fermentation and milk fatty acid composition because, unexpectedly, no reduced rumen pH was detected. The algae diet had no effect on rumen pH but provoked decreased butyrate and increased isovalerate molar proportions in the rumen. In addition, algae supplementation affected rumen biohydrogenation of linoleic and linolenic acid as reflected in the modified milk fatty acid composition toward increased conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) cis-9 trans-11, CLA trans-9 cis-11, C18:1 trans-10, C18:1 trans-11, and C22:6 n-3 concentrations. Concomitantly, on average, a 45% decrease in DMI and milk yield was observed. Based on these drastic and impractical results, a second animal experiment was performed for 20 d in which 9.35 g/kg of total DMI of algae were incorporated in the concentrate and supplemented to 3 rumen-fistulated cows. Algae concentrate feeding increased rumen pH, which was associated with decreased rumen short-chain fatty acid concentrations. Moreover, a different shift in rumen short-chain fatty acid proportions was observed compared with the first experiment because molar proportions of butyrate, isobutyrate, and isovalerate increased, whereas acetate molar proportion decreased. The milk fatty acid profile changed as in experiment 1. However, the decrease in DMI and milk yield was less pronounced (on average 10%) at this algae supplementation level, whereas milk fat percentage decreased from 47.9 to 22.0 g/kg of milk after algae treatment. In conclusion, an algae supplementation level of about 10 g/kg of DMI proved effective to reduce the milk fat content and to modify the milk fatty acid composition toward increased CLA cis-9 trans-11, C18:1 trans, and DHA concentrations.     

生物转化法生产共轭亚油酸及其研究进展

共轭亚油酸（CLA）是一种具有多种重要生理功能的天然脂肪酸，具有抗癌、抗动脉粥样硬化、抗糖尿病、调节免疫等多种功能。论述了利用生物转化法合成共轭亚油酸的生产菌株、培养条件和培养模式以及利用基因工程等菌株改良手段以提高生产效率的国内外研究进展；并简述了生物法工业化生产共轭亚油酸的前景。     

Increase of Conjugated Linoleic Acid Content in Milk by Fermentation with Lactic Acid Bacteria

ABSTRACT: The objectives of this study were to identify the factors and procedures responsible for increasing the conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) content in fermented milk. Fourteen lactic acid bacteria were screened for CLA-producing ability using sunflower oil (containing 70% linoleic acid) as a substrate. Among the screened strains, Lactococcus lactis I-01 showed the highest CLA-producing ability. The optimal concentration of sunflower oil for CLA production was 0.1 g/L in whole milk, which accounted for 0.25% of total milk fat. Our results demonstrated that CLA formation in fermented milk could be affected by numerous factors such as bacterial strain, cell number, optimal substrate concentration, and the period of incubation at neutral pH.     

共轭亚油酸合成原料的研究进展

共轭亚油酸(Conjugated Linoleic Acid,CLA)具有抗肿瘤、减少脂肪蓄积、调节机体免疫力、抗动脉粥样硬化、调节血糖血压、预防骨质疏松等多种生理活性,已经被广泛应用于医药、食品、保健品、化妆品等领域。由于CLA天然来源较少,以亚油酸为底物人工合成制备CLA成为了人们获取CLA的主要途径。本文系统介绍了游离脂肪酸、烷烃酯、甘油酯等不同形式的亚油酸及来源广泛、价格低廉的天然油脂在CLA生产中的运用,并综述了食品发酵中CLA的合成,为优化CLA原料利用、经济高效地获取CLA提供了参考。     

共轭亚油酸微胶囊化的乳化工艺研究

研究了喷雾干燥法制备共轭亚油酸微胶囊的乳化工艺.采用大豆分离蛋白、麦芽糊精、玉米糖浆为壁材,以蔗糖酯为乳化剂,讨论了微胶囊效果评价标准和均质对乳化工艺的影响,并通过正交设计确定了最佳乳液制备的最佳工艺条件,即：预热温度80℃,预热时间60min,乳化温度30℃,乳化时间90min,乳化剂用量为水液的1.5%（W/V）,在此条件下的微胶囊化产率和效率可分别达到96.19%和82.98%.     

超临界CO2萃取玉米油中的共轭亚油酸的研究

对超临界CO2萃取玉米油中的共轭亚油酸（CLA）进行了研究,结果表明其萃取最佳条件为：萃取压力30MPa、萃取温度50℃、萃取时间2h。此时共轭亚油酸的含量为0．85mg／mL。     

一株嗜酸乳杆菌突变株转化亚油酸为共轭亚油酸条件的研究

以嗜酸乳杆菌为出发菌株，用紫外诱变方法，得到一株共轭亚油酸转化量较高的突变株，其转化亚油酸为共轭亚油酸的最佳条件为：反应温度35℃，pH值4．0，保温时间48h，亚油酸与培养液的比例为1000mg：100ml，在此条件下共轭亚油酸的产率达38．1％。在1mmol／L浓度下，Na^ 、Fe^2 、Mg^2 有助于提高共轭亚油酸的产量，而Hg^2 、Co^2 、Cu^2 、Mn^2 、Fe^3 不利于共轭亚油酸的合成。用超声波处理细胞后，共轭亚油酸的产率显著提高。     

瘤胃细菌生物合成共轭亚油酸的累积特性

为了解瘤胃细菌生物合成共轭亚油酸(CLA)的特性,通过毛细管电泳(CE)分析,发现瘤胃细菌生物合成CLA的主要异构体有c9,t11-CLA、t10,c12-CLA和t9,t11-CLA 3种。在厌氧和有氧条件下,瘤胃细菌均能合成CLA,且氧气有利于CLA的累积,随反应时间的延长,CLA的量呈现先增加后减少的变化趋势。结果表明瘤胃细菌参与了反刍动物体内CLA异构体的生物合成与代谢,瘤胃细菌生物合成CLA异构体的特异性还有待更深入的研究。     

海蓬子籽油亚油酸共轭化产物的抗肿瘤作用

目的:探讨海蓬子籽油亚油酸共轭化产物体外抗肿瘤活性。方法:以含有73.52%亚油酸的海蓬子籽油为原料,利用化学法转化制备共轭亚油酸(conjugated linoleic acid,CLA),采用国标法和小鼠急性毒性实验对共轭化油进行理化指标分析和急性毒性评价,MTT法检测共轭化油对人肿瘤细胞的生长抑制作用。结果:共轭化油中c9,t11-CLA和t10,c12-CLA含量为68.75%,理化指标符合相关产品要求。小鼠急性毒性LD50>20g/kg,属无毒级。共轭化油对食道癌EC109细胞和乳腺癌HTB-22细胞均有较强抑制作用,对宫颈癌HeLa细胞无抑制活性,对正常人胚肾细胞293T无毒性,对EC109细胞的IC50为111.9μg/mL。结论:利用海蓬子籽油转化的共轭亚油酸产物对人肿瘤细胞有较强的生长抑制作用,但其作用具有选择性。     

一株嗜酸乳杆菌合成共轭亚油酸的条件优化

以嗜酸乳杆菌(Lactobacillus acidophilus)1.1854为出发菌株,经紫外诱变和诱导处理,获得1株共轭亚油酸(CLA)高产菌株,通过五因素二次正交旋转组合设计对该菌株合成共轭亚油酸的条件进行了优化。其优化条件为:培养温度37℃、pH值4.5～5.5、LA浓度0.1%、接种量5%～7%、培养时间24h,此时CLA产率达31.2%。     

共轭亚油酸生理功能及其应用

共轭亚油酸(CLA)具有抗癌、抗动脉粥样硬化、改善脂肪代谢、骨组织代谢和减肥等多种生理活性,是一种具有保健功能脂肪酸。该文综述天然活性物质共轭亚油酸涵义界定、功能特性、CLA安全性与推荐摄入量及其在食品中应用前景。     

米糠油提取物对共轭亚油酸的抗氧化作用研究

本文采用乙醇，异丙醇和乙酸乙酯为溶剂提取米糠油，得到富含天然抗氧化剂的米糠油提取物，其提取得率分别为26.8％，67．1％和82．8％。将提取物添加到共轭亚油酸中进行60℃氧化试验，结果农咧，虽然不同溶剂的提取物显示不同的抗氧化活性，但对于CLA的抗氧化效果均优于BHT，其中以异丙酣提取物的抗氧化效果最好，表明米糠油的异丙醇提取物可以作为CLA良好的天然抗氧化剂。