Evaluation of health risks caused by musk ketone

Among the nitro musks, musk ketone (MK) as a synthetic compound with a typical musk odor is widely used in cosmetics. In the European Community the total amount used in fragrances has been reported to be 110 tons/a. Additionally, relevant amounts of MK are used in Indian joss sticks. As a result of its inherently low biodegradability MK has been detected in the aquatic environment (surface water, sediments, edible fish). Moreover, it has been shown that MK concentrates in human fatty tissue and breast milk, indicating that humans are constantly exposed. Several studies provided convincing evidence of lack of a genotoxic potential for MK. However, MK was identified as a strong inducer of phase I enzymes in rodents and a cogenotoxicant in vitro in human derived cells in rather low doses, suggesting that exposure to MK might increase the susceptibility to health hazards caused by carcinogens in humans.     

海南居民对高温天气健康风险的感知

目的了解海南省居民对高温天气健康风险的感知情况。方法以海南省18周岁以上居民为研究对象,采用自填式问卷在海南省沿海地区的海口市、三亚市、定安县、昌江县进行调查,共回收有效问卷1316份。结果调查对象高温天气健康风险感知度平均得分为（2．95±0．95）分,认为高温天气对自己健康危害几乎没有、较小、一般、较大和很大者分别占7．15％、22．41％、42．86％、23．63％和3．95％。多因素Logistic回归分析显示,居住在高温天气频发地区、相关知识了解程度高、健康状况较差、在高温天气中原有疾病加重者、家庭收入低者风险感知度较高,其OR值（95％CI值）分别是1．95（1．33—2．86）、1．91（1．23～2．95）、1．84（1．00。3．37）、3．95（2．99—5．22）、2．99（1．52—5．87）。结论海南省居民对高温天气健康风险感知状况一般,今后应建立有效的高温热浪预警系统,通过适当的风险沟通方式提高公众对高温天气健康风险的感知。     

无锡市南长区居民健康素养评价

目的评价无锡市南长区居民健康素养现状,为确定健康教育重点,制定合理的健康促进策略提供依据。方法采用KISH表法随机抽取480名15-69岁常住居民,进行《全国居民健康素养监测调查问卷》调查,通过中国健康教育中心评价体系进行评分,得出该地区居民健康素养水平,并分析其影响因素。结果有效问卷480份,具备健康素养的占7.5%,标化率为7.9%;基本知识和理念、健康生活方式与行为和健康技能3个维度健康素养分别为14.4%、6.7%和24.6%,科学健康观、传染病预防、慢性病预防、安全与急救、基本医疗和信息获取6类健康问题具备比例分别是29.7%、13.2%、14.8%、25.0%、37.2%和25.2%。Logistic回归分析显示,影响健康素养水平的主要因素有文化程度、居民心理因素。结论我区居民健康素养水平较低,影响居民健康素养水平的主要因素是文化程度和居民心理因素。建议采取针对性的干预措施,提高居民健康素养。     

Intensive hog farming operations,health risks,and quality of life of nearby residents in east Mediterranean

As part of the Mediterranean region, Greece has a high mean temperature. Consequently, the amount of toxic gas emissions from intensive hog farming operations (IHFOs) is greater than that from equivalents in northern Europe and USA. This study evaluated the health-related quality of life (HRQoL) of people who live near IHFOs in central and southern Greece. The collected data from 72-item self-report questionnaires, obtained from 377 residents in vicinity with three IHFOs, have been analyzed. The experimental group consisted of 209 people living within 3 km from IHFOs (near IHFOs), while the control group consisted of 168 people living more than 3 km but less than 5 km away from IHFOs (far IHFOs). There was a statistically significant difference between experimental and control groups in the following: wheezing (26.9 vs. 7.8 %), night-time awakenings due to dyspnea (24.5 vs. 7.2 %), night-time awakenings due to coughing (41.6 vs. 16.8 %), and night or day coughing for at least 3 months per year (42.5 vs. 17.3 %). Subjects living near IHFOs had increased odds for suffering from wheezing, night-time awakenings due to dyspnea, night-time awakenings due to coughing, and night or day coughing for at least 3 months per year. Our research verified that IHFOs adversely affect respiratory and mental health as well as the quality of life of nearby residents.     

上海市宝山区居民健康素养评价

目的了解上海市宝山区居民健康素养现状并予以评价,为今后制定相关计划提供依据。方法采用多阶段随机抽样方法抽取家庭户,进行入户调查,用KISH表法选取调查对象。问卷得分参照有关文献。结果被调查者问卷得分32—93（70．78±11．95）分,优良率为26．67％,合格率为81．67％。除性别外,不同特征人群问卷得分差异均具统计学意义（P〈0．05）,除性别外,不同特征人群同一分类素养得分差异均具统计学意义（P〈0．05）。文化程度、职业水平与问卷得分呈较显著相关性（r值分别为0．642和-0．406）。知晓率位于前8位的题目均为单选和判断题,后8位主要为多选题。结论上海市宝山区居民基本健康素养水平具备率较高,应针对薄弱环节采取进一步强化。     

Obesity and health risks

Childhood obesity is multi-factorial in etiology. Several factors contribute to the etiology of childhood obesity, and childhood obesity is itself associated with significant morbidity. This article focuses on the health risks of childhood obesity and on the prenatal and childhood influences that contribute to the genesis of childhood obesity.     

上海市宝山区居民健康生活方式现况评价

目的了解上海市宝山区居民健康生活方式现状,为制定相关干预措施提供科学依据。方法采用多阶段分层随机抽样的方法,对507名常住居民入户进行问卷调查,用率的描述与χ2检验。结果调查对象听说过全民健康生活方式行动及行动口号分别为51.6%和58.2%;80%以上的调查对象认为健康生活方式应包括合理膳食、适量运动和戒烟限酒;被调查者对平衡膳食及正常血压值范围的知晓率较高,分别达92.2%和82.6%;中等强度有氧运动判断标准,推荐的成人身体活动水平及全民健康生活行动日具体日期的知晓率分别为8.0%,19.8%和20.8%;除47.0%的被调查者认同自觉控制体重是健康生活方式外,其余各类健康生活方式的认同率均超过65.0%;过去1周常吃新鲜蔬菜、水果者分别为90.4%和64.6%;使用限盐勺,使用控油壶及使用BMI(体重指数)或腰围尺的行为发生率分别为32.8%、24.6%和14.0%,女性BMI或腰围尺使用率高于男性(P<0.01)。结论上海市宝山区居民对于什么是健康生活方式的了解达到了一定的程度,但对相关知识知晓率和行为发生率还较低,需进一步普及全民健康知识,树立健康理念,以逐步形成健康行为。     

对农村居民不同艾滋病健康教育方式远期效果的评价

目的了解不同健康教育方式对农村居民艾滋病认知状况远期效果影响,为今后开展艾滋病健康教育工作提供科学依据。方法对随机抽取3个项目县农村居民以不同的方式进行艾滋病相关知识的健康教育,并通过灰色最优聚类对不同方式前后两次调查项目知晓率改变情况进行归类。结果3个项目县两次调查结果表明各调查项目知晓率有升有降,前后比较部分项目有统计学意义;未进行干预的县和采用发放宣传材料干预的县远期影响效果较差,专家集中讲座的方式远期效果为一般,优劣顺序为：专家集中讲座、发放宣传材料、未进行干预。结论健康教育能够提高居民的知晓水平,集中讲座优于发放宣传材料,但无论何种方式其远期效果较差,需要经常反复才能获得较好效果。     

Environmental and health risks of hydroquinone

Hazard assessment of hydroquinone has been evaluated from bibliographical and original data on the physicochemical properties, the environmental behavior, and the biological effects of this aromatic compound. Hydroquinone, which is produced in large amounts and widely used, must be considered as an environmental contaminant. However, it is not persistent. The ecotoxicity of this molecule, which must be linked to its physicochemical properties, varies from species to species. Its acute and chronic toxicity toward higher terrestrial organisms is moderate. Hydroquinone is estimated to be nonmutagenic by the Ames test but induces chromosome aberrations or karyotypic effects in eucaryotic cells. Carcinogenic and teratogenic potentials have been at present inadequately studied. The study underlines the complementarity of QSAR models and experimental approaches when an attempt is made to obtain ecotoxicological profiles of pollutants.     

重庆市不同地区居民社区心理健康服务现状评价

目的 了解重庆城市居民对社区心理健康服务现状的评价,为构建适合重庆城市社区实情的心理健康服务体系提供依据。方法 采用访谈法和《重庆城市社区心理健康服务现状评价问卷》,随机抽取重庆12个区县居民1 340人,调查居民对社区心理健康服务的形式、内容、效果等方面的评价。结果 1 340人中,主城区471人,占35.15%;渝西区461人,占34.40%;三峡库区408人,占30.45%;城市居民对社区心理健康服务现状评价得分分别为,主城区(80.51±20.42)分,渝西区(78.37±24.54)分,三峡库区(76.56±17.74)分,主城区评价总分、对服务效果、服务资源因子评分均高于三峡库区,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.001或P<0.05);不同年龄和不同受教育程度的评价得分差异有统计学意义(P<0.001或P<0.05);有心理问题接受心理健康服务的就医意向:选择亲朋好友求助者为66.70%,选择社区心理健康服务机构为45.60%,选择综合医院心理门诊为39.80%,选择私人心理咨询所为33.90%,选择精神病院者为8.10%;社区居民认为心理健康服务急需各级领导重视、上级给予经费保障、帮助居民认识到心理健康的重要性、提供专门工作场地和设施的比例分别为69.2%、68.40%、59.6%、57.90%;认为心理健康服务工作经费应由上级全额拨款的比例为43.1%。结论 社区心理健康服务在一定程度上得到居民接纳;社区心理健康服务需要社会各界,尤其是政府在政策制度、运行经费、人员配置等方面的大力支持。     

浙江省部分居民家庭合理用药干预研究

目的评估居民家庭合理用药健康教育干预效果,为政府公共卫生决策提供依据。方法在浙江省3个县区12个社区/村所有18～60岁的居民开展合理用药健康教育干预。采用问卷调查的方法评估干预效果。结果干预组居民药物相关知识知晓率为66.00%,错误用药观念的识别率为55.38%,正确储存药品率、定期检查家中药品率和正确处理过期药品率分别为8.03%、18.62%和34.83%,药物不良反应正确处理率为35.15%。与干预前相比,干预组居民的药物相关知识知晓率与错误用药行为识别率和药品不良反应正确处理率有显著提高,但不合理用药行为改善不明显。结论合理用药健康教育干预显著提升了居民的知识水平,今后要继续加强健康教育干预,使居民形成合理用药的健康行为。