Serum soluble interleukin-2 receptor,interleukin-6, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha levels in children with celiac disease: response to treatment

OBJECTIVES: T-cell mediated immune response to dietary gluten and cytokines release are important for the enteropathy seen in celiac disease. We investigated the serum levels of soluble interleukin-2 receptor, interleukin-6, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha in celiac children before and after gluten exclusion. METHODS: Cytokine levels were determined using enzyme immunoassay in serum from 12 untreated celiac patients, 16 treated celiac patients on a gluten-free diet for at least two years, and from 26 control children. Eight of 12 untreated patients were also investigated at 6 and 12 months after gluten exclusion. Serum IgA antiendomysium antibodies were also assayed by indirect immunofluorescence. RESULTS: Soluble interleukin-2 receptor and interleukin-6 levels were significantly increased in untreated celiac patients compared with treated and control children. There was no difference in the tumor necrosis factor-alpha levels between the groups. Soluble interleukin-2 receptor levels were the only ones significantly decreased at 12 months after gluten exclusion. However, soluble interleukin-2 receptor and interleukin-6 levels at 12 months were significantly higher compared with controls. Antiendomysium antibodies had a diagnostic sensitivity of 100% and the titers decreased significantly after 12 months of gluten exclusion. A significant positive correlation was found between antiendomysium antibody titers with both soluble interleukin-2 receptor and interleukin-6 values. CONCLUSIONS: The serum soluble interleukin-2 receptor and interleukin-6 levels may be used as a noninvasive measure of celiac disease activity and response to treatment.     

Serum levels of interleukin-1 receptor antagonist and tumor necrosis factor-alpha are elevated in children with Langerhans cell histiocytosis

PURPOSE: Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) is a rare disease with variable prognosis in which lesions and clinical features suggest that pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines may be involved in its pathogenesis. The authors wished to evaluate whether serum levels of interleukin-1 receptor agonist (IL-1Ra) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) are elevated in children with LCH and decrease after chemotherapy. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Circulating levels of IL-1Ra and TNF-alpha were measured in 23 and 8 children with LCH, respectively, and 7 pediatric controls using commercially available ELISA kits. All patients fulfilled the Histiocyte Society LCH Protocols criteria for diagnosis, stratification, and treatment. RESULTS: Pretreatment concentrations of IL-1Ra and TNF-alpha were found to be significantly elevated in patients with LCH compared with controls. Among LCH substages, a significant difference in IL-1Ra values was observed between individuals with single-system single-site disease vs. multisystem disease with risk-organ dysfunction. In all eight patients evaluated, IL-1Ra levels decreased after 6 weeks of chemotherapy. Lower values of TNF were observed in three patients after treatment. A positive and significant correlation between IL-1Ra and TNF serum concentrations was found. CONCLUSIONS: Patients with LCH have elevated levels of IL-1Ra and TNF, which decrease after chemotherapy.     

肥胖儿童血浆脂联素与肿瘤坏死因子-α的变化及意义

目的儿童肥胖症与血浆脂联素（ADPN）和肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF-α）水平的变化密切相关。该文通过分析肥胖儿童血浆ADPN和TNF-α的变化及其相互关系,探讨儿童肥胖症的发病原因,为儿童肥胖症的预防提供科学依据。方法265名儿童随机分为肥胖组（147人）和正常对照组（118人）,分别测定腰围（WC）,臀围,腰臀比（WHR）,体脂百分比（%BF）,收缩压（SBP）,舒张压（DBP）,甘油三酯（TG）,总胆固醇（TC）,高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（HDL-C）,低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（LDL-C）,空腹血糖（FBG）,空腹胰岛素（FINS）,ADPN,TNF-α,计算稳态模型胰岛素抵抗指数（HOMA-IR）,并分析ADPN,TNF-α与体质量指标、糖脂代谢指标及二者的相关关系。结果①肥胖组儿童ADPN水平低于正常组儿童（P<0.05）,且与TNF-α,BMI,WHR,HOMA-IR,%BF,FINS,SBP,TG呈显著负相关（均P<0.05）;②肥胖组儿童TNF-α水平高于正常组儿童(P<0.01),且与BMI,WHR,%BF,FINS,HOMA-IR,TG,SBP呈显著正相关（P<0.01）,与HDL（P<0.05）呈负相关;③多元逐步回归分析显示ADPN,BMI和TNF-α是影响BF%的主要因素（R2=0.926）,且ADPN和TNF-α的交互作用有统计学意义。结论 肥胖儿童ADPN水平显著下降、TNF-α水平显著升高,且均是影响儿童体脂的主要因素。ADPN与TNF-α的交互作用提示二者在机体内可相互影响,共同参与儿童肥胖的形成。［中国当代儿科杂志,2009,11（1）：47-50］     

Serum leptin levels and their relationship to tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-6 in neonatal sepsis

Circulating leptin concentrations are raised in animal models of inflammation and sepsis and leptin production is also increased in rodents by administration of endotoxin or cytokines. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of sepsis on serum leptin concentration and whether circulating leptin was related to tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) release in newborn infants. Plasma leptin, TNF-alpha and IL-6 were measured in 20 neonates with culture-proven sepsis as soon as sepsis was diagnosed and after recovery and in 15 healthy control infants. There was no significant difference in plasma leptin levels between septic and control infants (p > 0.05); there was also no difference in plasma leptin levels in septic neonates before and after therapy (p > 0.05). No relationship between leptin and TNF-alpha (r = 0.16, p > 0.05) or IL-6 (r = 0.12, p > 0.05) was identified. These findings suggest that a major role of leptin in acute neonatal sepsis appears unlikely.     

Tumor necrosis factor-alpha levels in short children

Growth hormone has been suggested to modulate the release of cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFalpha) and interleukin-1 (IL-1). Moreover, TNFalpha synthesis has been shown to be decreased in hypophysectomized rodents. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of GH status on TNFalpha levels in a group of 44 short prepubertal children. Among them, 13 children aged 9.8 +/- 3.5 years were growth hormone (GH) deficient and the other 31 short children had normal growth velocity, normal GH response to provocative testing, and did not suffer from any chronic disease, thus this group was diagnosed as having idiopathic short stature (ISS). A group of 40 age- and sex-matched healthy children was used as controls. No significant differences in basal TNFalpha levels (pg/ml) were found between the GH deficient, ISS children and healthy controls. Furthermore, there was no correlation between TNFalpha and basal serum concentrations of GH or peak GH levels after stimulation. Similarly, TNFalpha values did not correlate with either IGF-I or IGFBP-3 serum concentrations.     

单纯性肥胖症儿童糖耐量及胰岛素分泌功能测定

目的　了解单纯性肥胖症儿童胰岛素分泌功能与糖耐量减低 (IGT)的发生。方法　测定单纯性肥胖症儿童 3 0例空腹及餐后血糖、胰岛素水平。如空腹血糖 (FPG) <6.1mmol/L ,服糖后 2h血糖≥ 7.8mmol/L并 <11mmol/L即为IGT ,若服糖后 2h血糖 <7.8mmol/L为糖耐量正常 (NGT)。计算胰岛素敏感性指数。结果　葡萄糖耐量 (OGTT)结果显示 ,单纯性肥胖症例 3 0中 ,IGT 14例 ( 48% ) ;肥胖儿童FPG( 4.92±1.2 3mmol/L)和正常儿童 ( 4.5 1± 0 .5 8mmol/L)无差异 (P >0 .0 5 ) ;空腹胰岛素 (FINS) ( 3 0 .99± 2 7.71) μIU/L水平明显高于正常儿童 ( 10 .2 3± 2 .3 5 ) (P <0 .0 1)。胰岛素敏感性指数 (IAI) ( - 5 .0 2± 0 .2 3 )明显低于正常儿童 ( - 3 .83± 0 .19) (P <0 .0 1)。肥胖儿童IGT组BMI、FINS、FPG较NGT组高 ,无显著性差异 (P >0 .0 5 ) ;服糖 2h胰岛素 (INS 2 )及 2h血糖明显高于NGT组 (P <0 .0 1) ;IGT组ISI(由OGTT计算 )明显低于NGT组 (P<0 .0 0 1)。 3 0例肥胖儿童BMI与FINS、INS2、2h血糖明显正相关 (分别为r =0 .69　P <0 .0 1;r =0 .41　P <0 .0 5 ;r =0 .3 9　P <0 .0 5 ) ,与ISI明显负相关 (r =- 0 .3 8　P <0 .0 5 )。结论　肥胖儿童存在明显的胰岛素抵抗现象 ,且肥胖程度越重 ,机体对胰岛素     

Increased frequency of alleles associated with elevated tumor necrosis factor-alpha levels in children with Kawasaki disease

Genetic polymorphisms influence the magnitude of the cytokine response after an inflammatory stimulus. To determine whether such polymorphisms might play a role in Kawasaki disease (KD), we analyzed white and Japanese children with KD and control populations for two polymorphic loci in which the A allele is associated with high tumor necrosis factor-alpha secretion. The lymphotoxin-alpha+250 A/A genotype was overrepresented among white children with KD compared with controls (0.59 versus 0.36; p = 0.013). The tumor necrosis factor-alpha-308 A/G genotype was overrepresented among whites with KD who had coronary artery abnormalities compared with those with normal echocardiograms (0.36 versus 0.09; p = 0.044). No significant difference was seen at either locus between Japanese children with KD and Japanese controls. The increased frequency of the high secretor alleles in white children with KD suggests that these loci may be related to susceptibility to KD and to outcome after disease.     

Haplotypes of tumor necrosis factor gene and tracheal aspirate fluid levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha in preterm infants

Individual variability in the production of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) has been attributed to genetic factors. We examined whether alleles of TNF gene (lymphotoxin-alpha+250, TNF-alpha-308, and TNF-alpha-238) affect tracheal aspirate fluid (TAF) levels of TNF-alpha among preterm infants at risk of bronchopulmonary dysplasia. TAF samples were collected within 48 h of birth and 7, 14, 21, and 28 d later. Haplotypes [designated using the nucleotide bases in the chromosome order (lymphotoxin-alpha+250, TNF-alpha-308, TNF-alpha-238)] of TNF were correlated with levels of TNF-alpha. Diplotypes of TNF (genotypes of haplotypes) classified as high, intermediate, or low based on their relation to TAF TNF-alpha levels were also correlated with TNF-alpha levels. The most frequent (and reference haplotype) was AGG. The GGG haplotype was associated with the lowest TAF TNF-alpha levels on day 7 among African American infants (p < 0.008). Sequential changes in levels of TNF-alpha correlated with infants' diplotype status [high (HH), intermediate (HL), low (LL)]. Fetal chorioamnionitis but not bronchopulmonary dysplasia was associated with infants' diplotypes (p < 0.005). Haplotypes of the TNF gene influence TAF levels of TNF-alpha. Diplotypes of TNF are associated with fetal chorioamnionitis.     

Serum soluble interleukin-2 receptors and tumor necrosis factor-α in hematological malignancies of childhood

The levels of soluble interleukin-2 receptors (sIL-2R) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) were determined in the serum of 61 children with hematological malignancy, including 20 patients with leukemia and 16 with lymphoma in active state of malignancy, and 20 patients with leukemia and 5 with lymphoma in complete remission. In addition, serum samples from 15 healthy children were used as controls. It was found that the mean serum levels of sIL-2R and TNF were significantly increased in active malignancy (207.0±17.1 pmol/L for sIL-2R; 209.7±35.0 pg/mL for TNF) compared to the remission status and normal controls (P<0.001). No such difference was observed between leukemia and lymphoma groups. It was concluded that serum sIL-2R and TNF are of potential value in the diagnosis and follow up of patients with neoplastic diseases.     

肺炎支原体肺炎患儿血清白细胞介素-6及可溶性白细胞介素-6受体活性变化及意义

目的：为正确认识肺炎支原体肺炎(MPP)患儿免疫状态，该研究检测了MPP和非肺炎支原体肺炎患儿血清白细胞介素6(IL6)及可溶性白细胞介素6受体(sIL6R)的变化，探讨其对MPP和非MPP患儿病情的影响，并为选择合理的MPP治疗手段提供理论依据。方法：用ELISA法检测MPP患儿(n=41)及非MPP患儿(n=20)急性期和恢复期血清IL-6及sIL-6R含量。结果：①MPP 患儿血清IL-6急性期和恢复期分别为 2.01±0.41，1.12±0.67 ng/L；sIL-6R急性期和恢复期分别为 1.87±0.25，1.92±0.27 μg/L，均明显高于正常对照组 0.37±0.52 ng/L，1.71±0.15 μg/L，差异有显著性(P<0.01)；MPP患儿恢复期血清IL-6含量较急性期明显下降，差异有显著性(P<0.01)，而sIL-6R恢复期与急性期比较差异无显著性(P>0.05)；②非MPP患儿血清IL-6急性期及恢复期分别为1.56±0.26，0.84±0.63 ng/L，明显高于正常对照组，差异有显著性(P<0.01或P<0.05)，而血清sIL-6R与对照组比较差异无显著性(P>0.05)；非MPP患儿急性期血清IL-6高于恢复期，差异有显著性(P<0.05)，血清sIL-6R急性期与恢复期比较差异无显著性(P>0.05)；③MPP患儿急性期血清IL-6、sIL-6R含量较非MPP患儿急性期升高(P<0.01或P<0.05)；MPP患儿恢复期血清IL-6含量与非MPP患儿恢复期的差异无显著性(P>0.05)；MPP患儿恢复期血清sIL-6R含量明显高于非MPP患儿恢复期(P<0.01)。结论：MPP患儿血清IL-6及sIL-6R改变较非MPP患儿明显，提示MPP患儿免疫功能改变较非MPP患儿显著，IL-6及sIL-6R参与了MPP的发生和发展，有必要对MPP患儿进行免疫调节治疗。     

肥胖症儿童血清抵抗素水平与胰岛素抵抗关系的研究

目的探讨肥胖症儿童血清抵抗素水平与高胰岛素血症和(或)胰岛素抵抗的关系。方法采用酶联免疫法测定34例肥胖儿童,31例正常对照的血清抵抗素水平。分析血清抵抗素与体重指数、体脂百分比、腰臀比及空腹血糖、空腹胰岛素水平、胰岛素抵抗指数、胰岛β细胞功能指数的相关关系。结果(1)肥胖组及对照组抵抗素浓度(对数转换值3.1±0.5)高于对照组(对数转换值2.7±0.8)(P<0.05)。(2)抵抗素与性别、年龄、收缩压、舒张压无相关关系;与体重指数、体脂百分比、腰臀比呈正相关(相关系数分别为r=0.299、0.304、0.322,P<0.01);与空腹血糖及空腹胰岛素水平呈正相关(相关系数为r=0.299和r=0.303,P<0.05);与胰岛素抵抗指数呈正相关(r=0.324,P<0.01),与胰岛β细胞功能指数无相关关系。(3)多元逐步回归分析表明,胰岛素抵抗指数为影响抵抗素最为显著的因素(R2=0.105);标准化偏回归系数0.279(P<0.01)。结论肥胖症儿童血清抵抗素水平较正常儿童增高,并与肥胖程度,脂肪分布密切相关。抵抗素可能与肥胖症儿童发生高胰岛素血症和(或)胰岛素抵抗有关。     

Ghrelin serum levels during oral glucose tolerance test in prepubertal obese children with insulin resistance

BACKGROUND: An involvement of ghrelin in glucose metabolism has been suggested; nevertheless, the relationship between ghrelin and insulin resistance (IR) remains unclear. AIMS: 1. To investigate the effect of glucose loading on ghrelin in prepubertal obese children with IR. 2. To assess possible correlations between IR and changes in circulating ghrelin. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Twenty prepubertal obese, insulin-resistant and 18 age- and sex-matched lean children were studied. Fasting glucose, insulin and ghrelin levels were measured. In the obese group, measurements were repeated during an OGTT. RESULTS: Ghrelin levels were decreased at 60 min, but thereafter increased to baseline values. The fall in circulating ghrelin was negatively correlated with IR and the respective rise in insulin levels. CONCLUSIONS: In prepubertal, insulin-resistant obese children, ghrelin is significantly suppressed shortly after glucose intake. It is possible that the above effect is attenuated by IR and the resultant increase in insulin levels.     

儿童紫癜性肾炎肿瘤坏死因子α基因多态性分析

目的：探讨肿瘤坏死因子α（TNF-α）-308G/A基因多态性与儿童紫癜性肾炎（HSPN）的关系。方法应用聚合酶链反应（PCR）扩增产物直接测序方法对110例过敏性紫癜（HSP组）汉族儿童进行TNF-α-308G/A基因型分析,包括紫癜性肾炎52例（HSPN组）,无合并肾炎58例（单纯HSP组）。酶联免疫吸附法检测血浆TNF-α水平。90例健康汉族儿童作为对照组。结果HSP组TNF-α-308基因型分布频率与对照组比较差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。HSPN组GA基因型（29%）、A等位基因频率（18%）均明显高于单纯HSP组（分别为10%和7%,P<0.05）,其中GA+AA 基因型患儿血浆TNF-α水平（7.1±2.3 pg/mL）较GG基因型患儿（5.7±1.5 pg/mL）明显升高（P<0.05）。结论TNF-α-308G/A 基因多态性与HSP儿童肾脏损害的发生有关,A等位基因可能是儿童HSPN的易感基因。     

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目的探讨血清脂联素水平与高胰岛素血症和(或)胰岛素抵抗的联系。方法采用酶联免疫法测定2004-02—2004-12在天津医科大学总院就诊的34例肥胖儿童和31例正常对照的血清脂联素水平。分析血清脂联素与人体参数、体脂分布及糖代谢中各指标的相关关系。结果(1)肥胖组脂联素水平低于对照组(P<0.001)。(2)脂联素与性别、年龄无相关关系;与收缩压、舒张压呈负相关(相关系数分别为r=-0.369,r=-0.405,P<0.01);与BMI、腰臀比和SF呈负相关(相关系数分别为r=-0.330,r=-0.282和r=-0.350,P<0.01);与空腹血糖、空腹胰岛素水平呈负相关(相关系数r=-0.264和r=-0.357,P<0.01);与HOMA-R呈负相关(P<0.01),与HOMA-β无相关关系。(3)多元回归分析表明,HOMA-R是影响脂联素最为显著的因素,R2=0.122;标准化偏回归系数-0.369(P<0.01)。结论肥胖症儿童血清脂联素水平较正常儿童降低。血清脂联素水平的变化,是影响空腹血糖、空腹胰岛素水平、HOMA-R的重要因素。低脂联素血症可能参与胰岛素抵抗的发生。     

危重患儿血糖与胰岛素水平的临床分析

Objective To analyse the changes of blood glucose and insulin levels in children with critical illness,and to investigate the mechanism of hyperglycemia in critical illness.Methods Blood glucose and insulin levels were detected among 51 critically ill children hospitalized in our PICU from January to December,2007,which were compared with those of 15 healthy children.Results (1) All the patients had hyperglycemia after admission within 2Ah,septic shock patients showed the highest level with the maximum value of 27.30 mmol/L The dally mean blood glucose levels of the first 5 days after admission peaked on the admission day.(2) Within 24 h after admission,the blood insulin levels of patients with pulmonary infection,intracranial infection,septic shock and congenital heart disease were(17.65±16.85) mU/L,(13.45±7.33) mU/L,(16.24±12.41) mU/L,(6.75±3.22) mU/L respectively.The blood insulin levels of all the patients within the first 5 days after admission wrere higher than that of healthy children[(8.70±6.57) mU/L].According to blood glucose level on admission day,the patients were divided into normoglycemia and hyperglycemia group,and the blood insulin levels of the former and the letter were(5.44 ± 3.38) mU/L and (14.22±12.29) mU/L respectively.(3) The mean of PIM Ⅱscore of the patients averaged 12.96±16.82,and the mortality rate was 15.6%.The blood glucose level and the insulin level within 24 h after admission were(10.97±5.76) mmol/L and(49.46±90.35) mU/L in dead cases and(8.73±2.58) mmol/L and(11.91±11.24) mU/L for the survivals,and both the blood glucose level and insulin level had significant difference between the dead cases and survivals(P ＜0.05).(4) The scatter graphic analysis did not show significant linear relation between blood glucose and insulin,nor did it show significant linear relation between PIM Ⅱ and insulin levei,or blood glucose.Condusion Hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinemia are common in critical illness,which reflects indirectly the severity and prognosis of the disease.Hyperglycemia may be related to relative insulin insufficiency or insulin resistance;however,the definite relationship can not be confirmed until more reliable clinical data were available in the future.     

危重患儿血糖与胰岛素水平的临床分析

Objective To analyse the changes of blood glucose and insulin levels in children with critical illness,and to investigate the mechanism of hyperglycemia in critical illness.Methods Blood glucose and insulin levels were detected among 51 critically ill children hospitalized in our PICU from January to December,2007,which were compared with those of 15 healthy children.Results (1) All the patients had hyperglycemia after admission within 2Ah,septic shock patients showed the highest level with the maximum value of 27.30 mmol/L The dally mean blood glucose levels of the first 5 days after admission peaked on the admission day.(2) Within 24 h after admission,the blood insulin levels of patients with pulmonary infection,intracranial infection,septic shock and congenital heart disease were(17.65±16.85) mU/L,(13.45±7.33) mU/L,(16.24±12.41) mU/L,(6.75±3.22) mU/L respectively.The blood insulin levels of all the patients within the first 5 days after admission wrere higher than that of healthy children[(8.70±6.57) mU/L].According to blood glucose level on admission day,the patients were divided into normoglycemia and hyperglycemia group,and the blood insulin levels of the former and the letter were(5.44 ± 3.38) mU/L and (14.22±12.29) mU/L respectively.(3) The mean of PIM Ⅱscore of the patients averaged 12.96±16.82,and the mortality rate was 15.6%.The blood glucose level and the insulin level within 24 h after admission were(10.97±5.76) mmol/L and(49.46±90.35) mU/L in dead cases and(8.73±2.58) mmol/L and(11.91±11.24) mU/L for the survivals,and both the blood glucose level and insulin level had significant difference between the dead cases and survivals(P ＜0.05).(4) The scatter graphic analysis did not show significant linear relation between blood glucose and insulin,nor did it show significant linear relation between PIM Ⅱ and insulin levei,or blood glucose.Condusion Hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinemia are common in critical illness,which reflects indirectly the severity and prognosis of the disease.Hyperglycemia may be related to relative insulin insufficiency or insulin resistance;however,the definite relationship can not be confirmed until more reliable clinical data were available in the future.     

危重患儿血糖与胰岛素水平的临床分析

Objective To analyse the changes of blood glucose and insulin levels in children with critical illness,and to investigate the mechanism of hyperglycemia in critical illness.Methods Blood glucose and insulin levels were detected among 51 critically ill children hospitalized in our PICU from January to December,2007,which were compared with those of 15 healthy children.Results (1) All the patients had hyperglycemia after admission within 2Ah,septic shock patients showed the highest level with the maximum value of 27.30 mmol/L The dally mean blood glucose levels of the first 5 days after admission peaked on the admission day.(2) Within 24 h after admission,the blood insulin levels of patients with pulmonary infection,intracranial infection,septic shock and congenital heart disease were(17.65±16.85) mU/L,(13.45±7.33) mU/L,(16.24±12.41) mU/L,(6.75±3.22) mU/L respectively.The blood insulin levels of all the patients within the first 5 days after admission wrere higher than that of healthy children[(8.70±6.57) mU/L].According to blood glucose level on admission day,the patients were divided into normoglycemia and hyperglycemia group,and the blood insulin levels of the former and the letter were(5.44 ± 3.38) mU/L and (14.22±12.29) mU/L respectively.(3) The mean of PIM Ⅱscore of the patients averaged 12.96±16.82,and the mortality rate was 15.6%.The blood glucose level and the insulin level within 24 h after admission were(10.97±5.76) mmol/L and(49.46±90.35) mU/L in dead cases and(8.73±2.58) mmol/L and(11.91±11.24) mU/L for the survivals,and both the blood glucose level and insulin level had significant difference between the dead cases and survivals(P ＜0.05).(4) The scatter graphic analysis did not show significant linear relation between blood glucose and insulin,nor did it show significant linear relation between PIM Ⅱ and insulin levei,or blood glucose.Condusion Hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinemia are common in critical illness,which reflects indirectly the severity and prognosis of the disease.Hyperglycemia may be related to relative insulin insufficiency or insulin resistance;however,the definite relationship can not be confirmed until more reliable clinical data were available in the future.     

危重患儿血糖与胰岛素水平的临床分析

Objective To analyse the changes of blood glucose and insulin levels in children with critical illness,and to investigate the mechanism of hyperglycemia in critical illness.Methods Blood glucose and insulin levels were detected among 51 critically ill children hospitalized in our PICU from January to December,2007,which were compared with those of 15 healthy children.Results (1) All the patients had hyperglycemia after admission within 2Ah,septic shock patients showed the highest level with the maximum value of 27.30 mmol/L The dally mean blood glucose levels of the first 5 days after admission peaked on the admission day.(2) Within 24 h after admission,the blood insulin levels of patients with pulmonary infection,intracranial infection,septic shock and congenital heart disease were(17.65±16.85) mU/L,(13.45±7.33) mU/L,(16.24±12.41) mU/L,(6.75±3.22) mU/L respectively.The blood insulin levels of all the patients within the first 5 days after admission wrere higher than that of healthy children[(8.70±6.57) mU/L].According to blood glucose level on admission day,the patients were divided into normoglycemia and hyperglycemia group,and the blood insulin levels of the former and the letter were(5.44 ± 3.38) mU/L and (14.22±12.29) mU/L respectively.(3) The mean of PIM Ⅱscore of the patients averaged 12.96±16.82,and the mortality rate was 15.6%.The blood glucose level and the insulin level within 24 h after admission were(10.97±5.76) mmol/L and(49.46±90.35) mU/L in dead cases and(8.73±2.58) mmol/L and(11.91±11.24) mU/L for the survivals,and both the blood glucose level and insulin level had significant difference between the dead cases and survivals(P ＜0.05).(4) The scatter graphic analysis did not show significant linear relation between blood glucose and insulin,nor did it show significant linear relation between PIM Ⅱ and insulin levei,or blood glucose.Condusion Hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinemia are common in critical illness,which reflects indirectly the severity and prognosis of the disease.Hyperglycemia may be related to relative insulin insufficiency or insulin resistance;however,the definite relationship can not be confirmed until more reliable clinical data were available in the future.     

危重患儿血糖与胰岛素水平的临床分析

Objective To analyse the changes of blood glucose and insulin levels in children with critical illness,and to investigate the mechanism of hyperglycemia in critical illness.Methods Blood glucose and insulin levels were detected among 51 critically ill children hospitalized in our PICU from January to December,2007,which were compared with those of 15 healthy children.Results (1) All the patients had hyperglycemia after admission within 2Ah,septic shock patients showed the highest level with the maximum value of 27.30 mmol/L The dally mean blood glucose levels of the first 5 days after admission peaked on the admission day.(2) Within 24 h after admission,the blood insulin levels of patients with pulmonary infection,intracranial infection,septic shock and congenital heart disease were(17.65±16.85) mU/L,(13.45±7.33) mU/L,(16.24±12.41) mU/L,(6.75±3.22) mU/L respectively.The blood insulin levels of all the patients within the first 5 days after admission wrere higher than that of healthy children[(8.70±6.57) mU/L].According to blood glucose level on admission day,the patients were divided into normoglycemia and hyperglycemia group,and the blood insulin levels of the former and the letter were(5.44 ± 3.38) mU/L and (14.22±12.29) mU/L respectively.(3) The mean of PIM Ⅱscore of the patients averaged 12.96±16.82,and the mortality rate was 15.6%.The blood glucose level and the insulin level within 24 h after admission were(10.97±5.76) mmol/L and(49.46±90.35) mU/L in dead cases and(8.73±2.58) mmol/L and(11.91±11.24) mU/L for the survivals,and both the blood glucose level and insulin level had significant difference between the dead cases and survivals(P ＜0.05).(4) The scatter graphic analysis did not show significant linear relation between blood glucose and insulin,nor did it show significant linear relation between PIM Ⅱ and insulin levei,or blood glucose.Condusion Hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinemia are common in critical illness,which reflects indirectly the severity and prognosis of the disease.Hyperglycemia may be related to relative insulin insufficiency or insulin resistance;however,the definite relationship can not be confirmed until more reliable clinical data were available in the future.