弹性光网络中基于图着色理论的资源分配算法

传统的波分复用网络采用固定栅格,已无法满足网络需求.提出一种改进的基于图着色理论的路由选择频谱分配(GT-RSA)算法.首先,使用前k条最短路径算法确定备选路由集合,根据各备选路由集合建立备选路由关系图;然后,使用图着色理论的混合整数线性规划模型进行选路,根据分支定界的饱和度最大优先算法得到优解,同时完成频谱的路由着色...     

基于用户需求的改进型CSGC频谱分配算法

针对基于图论着色模型的频谱分配算法目前未能很好解决用户自身需求这一重要问题,研究了基于用户需求的改进型颜色敏感的图论着色(Color Sensitive Graph Coloring,CSGC)频谱分配算法。该算法通过降低已满足需求用户的分配优先级,使系统未满足的带宽需求总量达到最小化,在保证原CSGC算法性能的同时,较好地实现了频谱分配与自身需求相匹配。仿真结果表明该算法是有效的。     

基于图着色模型的弹性光网络频谱分配算法

为了有效降低弹性光网络的频谱碎片程序和阻塞率,提出一种基于图着色模型的弹性光网络频谱分配算法。首先,对弹性光网络建立图着色模型,将频谱分配问题转化为带权值的图上色问题,然后提出了2种改进的上色算法(链式搜索法和改进的贪心算法)。仿真结果表明:与度最大着色算法相比,改进的2种上色算法能更好地优化频谱资源并降低平均链路阻塞率。     

基于干扰图的家庭基站分簇频谱分配算法

为了减小宏用户和家庭基站之间的干扰,有效分配频谱,本文提出了基于图论着色的分簇信道分配算法。该算法在保证满足宏用户信干噪比(signal-to-interference plus noise ratio,SINR)要求的前提下确定每个家庭基站可用的子信道集,再根据构造的家庭基站系统干扰图,动态地给每个用户分配所有可用的频谱资源。本文分别构建无向干扰图和有向权重干扰图,使用了一种基于簇的改进算法,在保证宏用户信干噪比的条件下,尽量提高家庭基站的吞吐量。仿真结果表明,本文算法可以降低宏用户和家庭基站的中断率,同时频谱效率得到提高。     

认知无线电中基于频谱聚合的频谱分配算法

为了使认知用户可成功接入分配的频谱,进一步提高频谱利用率,提出了一种基于频谱聚合的分布式频谱分配算法(SADSA),该算法以图论着色为模型,算法过程考虑了认知用户的带宽需求和认知设备的最大聚合范围,仿真结果表明了该算法在认知用户接入率方面的优越性.     

基于微粒群算法的认知无线电频谱分配

提出了一种基于微粒群算法的认知无线电频谱分配算法,该算法能更好地实现网络总效益,从而提高用户的平均效益,并且使用一种新的目标函数评价算法的性能,通过仿真比较了本算法与颜色敏感图论着色频谱分配算法的性能。计算机仿真结果表明,提出的基于微粒群分配算法与颜色敏感图论着色分配算法相比,该算法能更好地满足网络需求。     

分枝定界在多级动态频谱分配中的应用

针对认知无线电动态频谱分配中认知用户较多,传统优化算法收敛时间较长的问题,本文结合分枝定界原理提出一种多级动态频谱分配算法。首先建立基于用户需求的多级动态频谱分配模型,然后借助图着色理论,将问题转化为函数优化问题,最后借助分枝定界算法,通过把全部可行的解空间不断分割为越来越小的子集,从而实现了对该多级模型的频谱分配。仿真实验采用与遗传算法比较,通过对二者认知用户接入量和系统网络效益的分析比较,表明该算法对处理多级DSA分配问题的优越性,且所提算法具有较小的计算复杂度,具有较高的应用价值。      

一种基于流量需求的动态频谱分配算法

感知无线电是一个解决当前频谱资源紧缺情况的有效手段,其中动态频谱分配技术是一个非常重要的环节.文章首先建立了基于冲突图的需求分配模型,基于此模型提出了一种基于用户需求的动态频谱分配算法,在传统标签机制基础上增加了对感知用户随时间改变的频谱需求的支持.试验结果表明,当每个感知用户对频谱的需求随着时间的变化而变化并且为有限值的情况下,该算法能保证较好的公平性和提供较高的分配效率.     

D2D通信系统中基于QoS的分簇信道分配算法

D2D(Device-to-Device)通信作为第五代移动通信(5G, 5-generation)的关键技术之一,因其高频谱效率、低能耗等优点受到广泛关注。为了更好地满足D2D用户的服务质量(quality of service, QoS)需求,本文引入用户满意度的概念,提出了一种基于QoS的分簇信道分配算法。该算法运用图论着色方法为D2D用户分配信道,可分为三个步骤:首先构建D2D用户间的干扰图,然后在保证蜂窝用户QoS需求的情况下建立D2D用户的可用颜色列表,最后为D2D用户分簇,位于同一簇内的用户可以共享信道。仿真结果表明,本文算法可以有效提高D2D用户的满意度和系统公平性。      

基于用户等待时间的频谱分配改进算法

文章通过对图论着色模型的分析,提出了一种基于用户等待时间的自适应的公平频谱分配改进算法,解决了在频谱资源比较紧张的情况下弱势用户等待时间太长的问题。该算法既考虑到了系统吞吐量,又考虑到了用户的等待时间。本算法能使各次用户有趋于平均的机会使用频谱资源,保证了系统的公平性。仿真结果验证了本算法的正确性。     

Resolution Enhancement Technology:Integrated Process Solutions using OPC

DUV lithography, using the 248 nm wavelength, is a viable manufacturing option for devices with features at 130 nm and less. Given the low kl value of the lithography, integrated process development is a necessary method for achieving acceptable process latitude. The application of assist features for rule based OPC requires the simultaneous optimization of the mask, illumination optics and the resist.Described in this paper are the details involved in optimizing each of these aspects for line and space imaging.A reference pitch is first chosen to determine how the optics will be set. The ideal sigma setting is determined by a simple geometrically derived expression. The inner and outer machine settings are determined, in turn,with the simulation of a figure of merit. The maximum value of the response surface of this FOM occurs at the optimal sigma settings. Experimental confirmation of this is shown in the paper.Assist features are used to modify the aerial image of the more isolated images on the mask. The effect that the diffraction of the scattering bars (SBs) has on the image intensity distribution is explained. Rules for determining the size and placement of SBs are also given.Resist is optimized for use with off-axis illumination and assist features. A general explanation of the material' s effect is discussed along with the affect on the through-pitch bias. The paper culminates with the showing of the lithographic results from the fully optimized system.     

Cost-effective test solutions for smart card and other integrated flash applications

From its emergence in the late 1980s as a lower cost alternative to early EEPROM technologies, flash memory has evolved to higher densities and speedsand rapidly growing acceptance in mobile applications.In the process, flash memory devices have placed increased test requirements on manufacturers. Today, as flash device test grows in importance in China, manufacturers face growing pressure for reduced cost-oftest, increased throughput and greater return on investment for test equipment. At the same time, the move to integrated flash packages for contactless smart card applications adds a significant further challenge to manufacturers seeking rapid, low-cost test.     

An improved parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations

The parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations is improved in this paper. By analyzing the notions of connected components and passes, a conclusion is drawn that the number of passes and the number of eight-connected components are equal. Then the expression of the number of eight-connected components is obtained which replaces the old one in the algorithm. And a reserving condition is proposed by experiments, which alleviates the excess deletion where a diagonal line and a beeline intersect. The experimental results demonstrate that the thinned curve is almost located in the middle of the original curve connectivelv with single pixel width and the processing speed is high.     

Theoretical analysis of the relationship between the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain in the optical-fiber sensors

The relation between the power of the Brillouin signal and the strain is one of the bases of the distributed fiber sensors of temperature and strain. The coefficient of the Bfillouin gain can be changed by the temperature and the strain that will affect the power of the Brillouin scattering. The relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is thought to be linear by many researchers. However, it is not always linear based on the theoretical analysis and numerical simulation. Therefore, errors will be caused if the relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is regarded as to be linear approximately for measuring the temperature and the strain. For this reason, the influence of the parameters on the Brillouin gain coefficient is proposed through theoretical analysis and numerical simulation.     

Novel fiber-optical interferometer with miniaturized probe for in-hole measurements

Today, micro-system technology and the development of new MEMS （Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems） are emerging rapidly. In order for this development to become a success in the long run, measurement systems have to ensure product quality. Most often, MEMS have to be tested by means of functionality or destructive tests. One reason for this is that there are no suitable systems or sensing probes available which can be used for the measurement of quasi inaccessible features like small holes or cavities. We present a measurement system that could be used for these kinds of measurements. The system combines a fiber optical, miniaturized sensing probe with low-coherence interferometry, so that absolute distance measurements with nanometer accuracy are possible.     

Study of waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers

This paper presents a new method to increase the waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers. We find that the propagation constant of the InGaAsP emitting layer can be equal to that of the Si resonant layer through improving the design size of the InP waveguide. The coupling power achieves 42% of the total power in the hybrid lasers when the thickness of the bonding layer is 100 nm. Our result is very close to 50% of the total power reported by Intel when the thickness of the thin bonding layer is less than 5 nm. Therefore, our invariable coupling power technique is simpler than Intel＇s.     

Curved crystal spectrometer for the measurement of X-ray lines from laser-produced plasmas

In order to diagnose the laser-produced plasmas, a focusing curved crystal spectrometer has been developed for measuring the X-ray lines radiated from a laser-produced plasmas. The design is based on the fact that the ray emitted from a source located at one focus of an ellipse will converge on the other focus by the reflection of the elliptical surface. The focal length and the eccentricity of the ellipse are 1350 mm and 0.9586, respectively. The spectrometer can be used to measure the X- ray lines in the wavelength range of 0.2-0.37 nm, and a LiF crystal （200） （2d = 0.4027 nm） is used as dispersive element covering Bragg angle from 30° to 67.5°. The spectrometer was tested on Shengnang- Ⅱ which can deliver laser energy of 60-80 J/pulse and the laser wavelength is 0.35 μm. Photographs of spectra including the 1 s2p ^1P1-1s^2 ^1S0 resonance line（w）, the 1s2p ^3P2-1s^2 1S0 magnetic quadrupole line（x）, the 1s2p ^3P1-1 s^2 ^1S0 intercombination lines（y）, the 1 s2p ^3S~1-1 s^2 ^1S0 forbidden line（z） in helium-like Ti Ⅹ Ⅺ and the 1 s2s2p ^2P3/2-1 s622s ^2S1/2 line（q） in lithium-like Ti Ⅹ Ⅹhave been recorded with a X-ray CCD camera. The experimental result shows that the wavelength resolution（λ/△ 2） is above 1000 and the elliptical crystal spectrometer is suitable for X-ray spectroscopy.     

Preparation and Characterization of TaN ALD Precursors

High purity organic-tantalum precursors for thin film ALD TaN were synthesized and characterized.Vapor pressure and thermal stability of these precursors were studied.From the vapor pressure analysis,it was found that TBTEMT has a higher vapor pressure than any other published liquid TaN precursor,including TBTDET,TAITMATA,and IPTDET.Thermal stability of the alkyl groups on the precursors was investigated using a 1H NMR technique.The results indicated that the tertbutylimino group is the most stable group on TBTDET and TBTEMT as compared to the dialkylamido groups.Thermal stability of TaN precursors decreased in the following order:TBTDET ＞ PDMAT ＞ TBTEMT.In conclusion,precursor vapor pressure and thermal stability were tuned by making slight variations in the ligand sphere around the metal center.     

Electronic Structure of Semiconductor Nanocrystals

This paper reviews our recent development of the use of the large-scale pseudopotential method to calculate the electronic structure of semiconductor nanocrystals, such as quantum dots and wires, which often contain tens of thousands of atoms. The calculated size-dependent exciton energies and absorption spectra of quantum dots and wires are in good agreement with experiments. We show that the electronic structure of a nanocrystal can be tuned not only by its size,but also by its shape. Finally,we show that defect properties in quantum dots can be significantly different from those in bulk semiconductors.     

A rigorous proof of MIMO channel capacity’s increase with antenna number

It is well known that adding more antennas at the transmitter or at the receiver may offer larger channel capacity in the multiple-input multiple-output（MIMO） communication systems. In this letter, a simple proof is presented for the fact that the channel capacity increases with an increase in the number of receiving antennas. The proof is based on the famous capacity formula of Foschini and Gans with matrix theory.