自然单元法的自适应研究

自然单元法(NEM)是一种新兴的无网格数值计算方法,具有前处理简单和易于准确施加本质边界条件等优点.本文基于Z-Z后验误差估计方法,给出了一种自然单元法的误差估计因子和自适应分析细化方案.采用结点处的光滑应变计算相应的恢复应力,并用于构造全域上的恢复应力场.通过结点Voronoi单胞内的能量范数相对误差指示需要进行结点...     

一种新的并行自适应网格有限元算法

给出了一种新的适用于流体力学问题的并行自适应有限元算法。首先，基于初始稀网格上获得的事后误差估算值，应用反复谱对剖分方法对初网格进行划分，使各子域上总体误差近似相等，从而解决并行自适应计算中的负载平衡问题。然后在各处理器上独立地求解整体问题，并进行指定子域上的网格自适应处理。最后将各子域上的自适应网格组合成一个整体网格，应用基于粘接元技术的区域分裂法在该网格上获得最终解。文末给出了数值实验结果。     

基于双重自适应的六面体网格再生成方法

提出了一种以栅格法为基本方法,基于几何特征和物理场量双重自适应的六面体网格再生成方法。首先,依据旧网格的表面曲率和几何特征,采用基于栅格法的几何自适应网格再生成方法,生成密度受控的基础网格;然后,将旧网格的物理场量传递到基础网格中;最后,采用有限元误差估计方法对新网格单元的计算误差进行估计,对误差较大的单元进行加密,减...     

数值流形单元法数学网格自适应

基于数值流形方法和有限覆盖技术,将有限元法的后验误差估计理论及h型网格自适应技术推广应用到数值流形单元法中,提出了数值流形单元法的后验误差估计方法和数学网格自适应技术,并编制了相应的程序。数值算例表明,经过网格自适应,可以在粗糙的初始网格基础上得到质量比较理想的网格,计算结果可达到用户要求的精度。     

自适应多重网格有限元网格生成器研制

基于协调三角形剖分算法、分子表数据结构和Ｚｉｅｎｋｉｅｗｉｃｚ－Ｚｈｕ误差估计方法，本文研制出适用于自适应多重网格有限元的网格生成器。该网格生成器可对复杂的区域进行自适应加密。当荷载作用边界随时间变化及在动力荷载作用下，网格生成器可退化与再加密网格。     

用逐点插入法生成Delaunay四面体自适应网格

介绍一种基于Delaunay算法的四面体自适应网格的自动划分方法。该方法用单元尺度场控制生成网格的疏密分布,在不满足尺度场要求的单元面形心处插入新节点,同时计算新节点单元尺寸参数,实现三维实体的Delaunay四面体自动划分。此方法具有几个特点:一是表面网格与体内网格同步划分,无需区分两者;二是结点与单元同时生成;三是生成网格自适应性好,疏密分布任意。另外,还介绍了三维网格划分中两个相关算法:一个是约束面恢复算法,该算法基于约束面不允许有单元边与之相交的性质而提出的;另一个是将二维射线法推广至三维空间,判断一个点是否在一多面体内,实现了凹多面体的划分。最后通过算例对单元质量进行了评价。本文所述方法是一种有效的四面体自适应单元生成算法。     

有限元分析中的最优离散化在弹性接触问题中的应用

本文提供了一种可作为弹性接触问题有限元分析后处理过程的误差估计方法.这种方法是应用应力平滑过程,通过能量模的形式而建立的.在这种误差估计方法的基础上,实现了有限元网格的自适应局部加密.数值分析实例表明,借助于这种最优离散化过程,可使计算误差平均分配于各个单元,并使总体计算误差降低.     

一种裂纹扩展的有限元仿真分析方法及其实现

为分析含多裂纹体在任意载荷下的断裂过程问题,给出了一种基于有限元的仿真方法及程序.基于商业有限元软件的应力分析结果和合适的断裂力学准则,判断裂纹的扩展以及扩展角;通过对每一个裂纹尖端扩展影响区域进行单元重划分,实现了多裂纹任意扩展的几何描述有限元模型更新.由于只对裂纹扩展区局部进行有限单元更新,网格划分和前期网格结果到新网格的映射的工作量相对较小,典型的裂纹扩展分析实例表明本文方法和程序的有效性.     

自适应网格技术在流体力学界面处理中的应用

自适应网格技术是流体力学数值计算中的重要内容之一．不仅能够处理大变形问题，而且能够大大提高物质界面的计算精度。针对结构网格给出了网格细化结构、误差估计、数据管理、网格产生算法等。通过对强激波双马赫反射及Rayleigh-Taylor界面不稳定性现象进行数值模拟．获得符合精度要求的对激波阵面及物质界面自适应跟踪结果。     

基于自适应网格的材料渗透系数设计

采用基于单元(结点)密度为设计变量进行结构和材料的拓扑优化设计时,有限元网格的密度对优化设计有很大影响. 在以渗透系数为目标进行材料微结构设计时,为了较好地描述单胞中的流固边界,需要将单胞划分为很小的网格,进一步增加了有限元计算和优化分析的规模. 为了降低计算规模, 研究了基于自适应网格的逆均匀化方法,以最大化各向同性等效渗透系数为目标,进行材料微结构设计. 优化迭代过程中,对单胞中流固界面处的网格进行自适应加密,降低优化问题的计算规模. 采用这一算法,对不同初始密度分布得到的单胞优化结果虽然不同,但具有相同的材料微结构,一定程度上说明了该方法的有效性.      

自适应一致性高阶无单元伽辽金法

近来提出的一致性高阶无单元伽辽金法通过导数修正技术大幅度减少了所需积分点数目,并能够精确地通过线性和二次分片试验,显著改善标准无单元伽辽金法的计算效率、精度和收敛性.本文在此基础之上,充分利用无单元法易于在局部区域添加节点的优势,发展了一致性高阶无单元伽辽金法的h型自适应分析方法.根据应变能密度梯度该方法自适应地确定需节点加密的区域,基于背景积分网格的局部多层细化要求生成新的计算节点,同时考虑了节点分布由密到疏渐进过渡的情形.采用相邻两次计算的应变能的相对误差作为自适应过程的停止准则,将所发展自适应无网格法应用于由几何外形、边界外载和体力等因素造成的应力集中问题的计算分析.数值结果表明,所发展方法能够自适应地对高应力梯度区域进行节点加密,自动给出合理的计算节点分布.与已有的标准无网格法的自适应分析相比,所发展方法在计算效率、精度和应力场光滑性等方面均展现出显著优势.与采用节点均匀分布的一致性高阶无单元伽辽金法相比,它大幅度地减少了计算节点数目,有效提高了一致性高阶无单元伽辽金法在分析应力集中等存在局部高梯度问题时的计算效率和求解精度.     

Error estimate and adaptive refinement for incompressible Navier‐Stokes equations using the discrete least squares meshless method

In this paper, an adaptive refinement strategy based on a node‐moving technique is proposed and used for the efficient solution of the steady‐state incompressible Navier–Stokes equations. The value of a least squares functional of the residual of the governing differential equation and its boundary conditions at nodal points is regarded as a measure of error and used to predict the areas of poor solutions. A node‐moving technique is then used to move the nodal points to the zones of higher numerical errors. The problem is then resolved on the refined distribution of nodes for higher accuracy. A spring analogy is used for the node‐moving methodology in which nodal points are connected to their neighbors by virtual springs. The stiffness of each spring is assumed to be proportional to the errors of its two end points and its initial length. The new positions of the nodal points are found such that the spring system attains its equilibrium state. Some numerical examples are used to illustrate the ability of the proposed scheme for the adaptive solution of the steady‐state incompressible Navier–Stokes equations. The results demonstrate a considerable improvement of the results with a reasonable computational effort by using the proposed adaptive strategy. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Collocated discrete least‐squares (CDLS) meshless method: Error estimate and adaptive refinement

Meshless methods are new approaches for solving partial differential equations. The main characteristic of all these methods is that they do not require the traditional mesh to construct a numerical formulation. They require node generation instead of mesh generation. In other words, there is no pre‐specified connectivity or relationships among the nodes. This characteristic make these methods powerful. For example, an adaptive process which requires high computational effort in mesh‐dependent methods can be very economically solved with meshless methods. In this paper, a posteriori error estimate and adaptive refinement strategy is developed in conjunction with the collocated discrete least‐squares (CDLS) meshless method. For this, an error estimate is first developed for a CDLS meshless method. The proposed error estimator is shown to be naturally related to the least‐squares functional, providing a suitable posterior measure of the error in the solution. A mesh moving strategy is then used to displace the nodal points such that the errors are evenly distributed in the solution domain. Efficiency and effectiveness of the proposed error estimator and adaptive refinement process are tested against two hyperbolic benchmark problems, one with shocked and the other with low gradient smooth solutions. These experiments show that the proposed adaptive process is capable of producing stable and accurate results for the difficult problems considered. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Adaptive strategy of the supersonic turbulent flow over a backward‐facing step

An adaptive strategy incorporating mesh remeshing and refining is developed to study the supersonic turbulent flow over a backward‐facing step on a mixed quadrilateral–triangular mesh. In the Cartesian co‐ordinate system, the unsteady Favre‐averaged Navier–Stokes equations with a low‐Reynolds‐number k–εturbulence model are solved using a locally implicit scheme with an anisotropic dissipation model. In the present adaptive strategy, two error indicators for both mesh remeshing and refining, respectively, are presented. The remeshing error indicator incorporates unified magnitude of substantial derivative of pressure and that of vorticity magnitude, whereas the refining error indicator incorporates unified magnitude of substantial derivative of pressure and that of weighted vorticity magnitude. To assess the present approach, the transonic turbulent flow around an NACA 0012 airfoil is performed. Based on the comparison with the experimental data, the accuracy of the present approach is confirmed. According to the high‐resolutional result on the adaptive mesh, the structure of backstep corner vortex, expansion wave and oblique shock wave is distinctly captured. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

An adaptive gradient smoothing method (GSM) for fluid dynamics problems

In this paper, a novel adaptive gradient smoothing method (GSM) based on irregular cells and strong form of governing equations for fluid dynamics problems with arbitrary geometrical boundaries is presented. The spatial derivatives at a location of interest are consistently approximated by integrally averaging of gradients over a smoothing domain constructed around the location. Such a favorable GSM scheme corresponds to a compact stencil with positive coefficients of influence on regular cells. The error equidistribution strategy is adopted in the solution‐based adaptive GSM procedure, and adaptive grids are attained with the remeshing techniques and the advancing front method. In this paper, the adaptive GSM has been tested for solutions to both Poisson and Euler equations. The sensitivity of the GSM to the irregularity of the grid is examined in the solutions to the Poisson equation. We also investigate the effects of error indicators based on the first derivatives and second derivatives of density, respectively, to the solutions to the shock flow over the NACA0012 airfoil. The adaptive GSM effectively yields much more accurate results than the non‐adaptive GSM solver. The whole adaptive process is very stable and no spurious behaviors are observed in all testing cases. The cosmetic techniques for improving grid quality can effectively boost the accuracy of GSM solutions. It is also found that the adaptive GSM procedure using the second derivatives of density to estimate the error indicators can automatically and accurately resolve all key features occurring in the flow with discontinuities. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Adaptive ANCF method and its application in planar flexible cables

In the conventional absolute nodal coordinate formulation (ANCF), the model is pre-meshed, the number, distribution and type of elements are unchangeable during the simulation. In addition, the deformations of a flexible body are space-varying and time-varying, one cannot predict when, where, and how the deformations will occur. Therefore, in order to obtain a satisfactory accuracy during the whole simulation, the model is usually densely meshed, but it will result in a loss of computational efficiency. In this study, an adaptive absolute nodal coordinate formulation (AANCF) is proposed to optimize the accuracy and efficiency of flexible dynamics. The movement features of flexible bodies are analyzed, and the conventional and adaptive ANCF methods are compared. Then the adaptive computation strategy is presented. The discretization errors come from the inability of interpolation functions of individual elements to capture the complexity of the exact solution, so the mesh can be adaptively optimized by changing the element sizes or the orders of interpolation functions during dynamic computation. Important issues of AANCF, including error estimation, mesh updating, and performance of the AANCF model, are analyzed and discussed in detail. A theoretical model of a planar AANCF cable is presented, where the strategies of dividing and merging elements are discussed. Moreover, the continuity of dynamic variables is deduced, and the mean factors that affect the continuity are obtained, which is very important for the subsequent continuity optimization. The simulation results indicate that the distribution of elements varies with time and space, and the elements are denser in large-deformed domains. The AANCF model improved the computational accuracy and efficiency, but the system energy is discontinuous when the elements are merged. Therefore, a continuity-optimized AANCF model is given based on the previous continuity analysis, the results show that the accuracy and continuity of energy are further improved by the continuity-optimized AANCF model.     

稳定节点积分伽辽金无网格法的应力计算方法研究

应力计算是基于稳定节点积分的伽辽金无网格法的重要组成部分.该文着重研究稳定节点积分伽辽金无网格法的应力计算方法,对稳定节点积分方法的变分一致条件进行了讨论.证明当节点代表域内的应变采用非局郎光滑应变时,相应的应力在节点代表域内为常数,稳定节点积分伽辽金无网格离散方程是变分一致的.文中提出了三种节点应力计算方法,研究表明,基于位移梯度的节点应力计算方法不满足变分一致性要求,而采用光滑应变的节点应力计算方法和一致形心应力计算方法满足变分一致性要求.典型数值算例的误差分析表明,满足变分一致性不一定确保得到更为精确的结果.而基于光滑应变的一致形心应力计算方法总是较其它两种方法更为精确.     

三维光弹性中预应力结构的应力冻结研究

本文提出用三维光弹性应力冻结法模拟分析预应力钢筋混凝土结构中的应力。通过模拟体与实体结构的相似性研究,给出了模型载荷比例系数Cq参数,通过参数合理的选取,有效的解决了应力冻结水平预测这一技术关键;用光弹性应力二次冻结法,将结构预应力和负载应力冻结在同一试件中;应分析精度对模型尺寸的要求,采用了精密浇铸的方法制作模型。此外,还研制了受力清晰明确的加载系统。对这些涉及应力冻结的若干关键问题结合工程实例进行探讨。实验应力分析结果与有限元数值法一致性较好。     

基于自适应多可信度多项式混沌-Kriging模型的高效气动优化方法

多可信度代理模型已经成为提高基于代理模型的优化算法效率和可信度水平最有效的手段之一.然而目前流行的co-Kriging和分层Kriging (HK)等多可信度代理模型泛化能力不足,缺乏对高阶/高非线性建模问题的适应性,难以广泛应用.文章基于发展的自适应多可信度多项式混沌-Kriging (MF-PCK)代理模型,在提高建模效率和对高阶/高非线性问题近似准确率的同时,建立了基于该自适应MF-PCK模型的高效全局气动优化方法.在发展的方法中,提出了基于MF-PCK模型的新型变可信度期望改进加点方法,使代理优化算法效率进一步提高.为了验证发展方法的全面表现,将其应用在经典的数值函数算例以及多个跨音速气动外形的确定性优化和稳健优化设计中,并与基于Kriging和HK模型的代理优化算法进行了全面比较.结果表明,发展的新型多可信度全局气动优化方法其优化效率相对于基于Kriging和HK模型的优化效率显著提高,结果更好也更加可靠,并且稳健优化设计效率和结果也更符合工程应用需求,证明了其相对于基于Kriging和HK模型的代理优化算法的显著优势.