新型银杏叶内酯微球的制备工艺研究

目的 对银杏叶内酯微球的制备工艺进行优化.方法 采用乳化溶剂挥发法制备银杏叶内酯微球,采用以微球的粒径,载药量,体外释放等为评价指标,进行工艺筛选.结果 银杏叶内酯微球粒径为(56.62±0.39)μm,载药量为(80.66%±0.90%),银杏叶内酯微球在pH为7.4的溶液中均匀缓慢释放2周.结论 本研究的制备工艺合理可行,微球的粒径均一,包封率高,在pH 7.4的磷酸盐缓冲盐中可匀速释放2周.     

荆芥内酯纳米粒冻干针剂的稳定性研究

目的对荆芥内酯(ST)纳米粒的胶体溶液和冻干针剂进行稳定性研究。方法以纳米粒的外观、pH值、粒径、分散度、包封率和载药量为指标,分别考察胶体溶液和冻干针剂在4℃和25℃条件下放置6个月的物理稳定性。结果胶体溶液和冻干针剂在4℃条件下稳定性较好,且冻干针剂比胶体溶液的稳定性更高。结论荆芥内酯纳米粒冻干针剂宜在4℃条件下保存。      

Box-Behnken响应面法优化索拉非尼PLGA-TPGS聚合物纳米粒的处方与工艺

目的 优化索拉非尼聚乳酸-羟基乙酸共聚物［poly（lactic-co-glycolic acid）,PLGA］-维生素E-聚乙二醇1000琥珀酸酯（D-ɑ-tocopheryl polyethylene glycol 1000 succinate, TPGS）聚合物纳米粒的处方与制备工艺。方法 采用乳化-溶剂挥发法制备纳米粒,以包封率和载药量为评价指标,采用Box-Behnken响应面法考察索拉非尼与PLGA的质量比、有机相与水相的容积比、乳化剂维生素E-聚乙二醇1000琥珀酸酯（TPGS）的浓度因素对制备的影响,得到最优工艺参数,并对最优处方与工艺下纳米粒药物的体外释放、形态和粒径进行考察。 结果 最佳处方为：索拉非尼与PLGA的质量比为1∶11.56;有机相与水相的容积比为1∶5.56;乳化剂TPGS的浓度为0.03%。制备的优化纳米粒形态均一,平均粒径为249.6 nm,包封率为89.78%,载药量为9.41%。体外索拉非尼在含1%吐温-80的磷酸盐缓冲液（pH 5.0、pH 7.4）中呈二相释放,120 h累积释放率分别为80.69%±4.70%和40.67%±3.77%。结论 所优选的索拉非尼PLGA-TPGS纳米粒处方与工艺合理可行,体外实验具有明显的缓释作用,可为后期体内、体外研究提供实验基础。     

水飞蓟宾纳米粒的制备及其理化性质研究

目的 制备水飞蓟宾纳米粒并对其进行质量评价。方法 采用乳化-蒸发-固化法制备水飞蓟宾纳米粒,以包封率、多分散指数、载药量等为评价指标优化制备工艺。考察体外释药规律,考察3~5 ℃、15~25 ℃、37 ℃(相对湿度为75%)条件下纳米粒的稳定性。结果 以硬脂酸和表面活性剂为载体材料,优化工艺制备的水飞蓟宾纳米粒包封率为96.88%,多分散指数为0.168,载药量为7.55%。差示量热分析确证形成了纳米粒,水蓟宾以无定形态分散在纳米粒内。纳米粒体外释放缓慢,可用Higuchi方程拟合。纳米粒静置观察具有良好的稳定性。结论 采用乳化-蒸发-固化法可制备得到水飞蓟宾纳米粒,工艺简便,粒径和分散度小,包封率和载药量高,体外释药缓慢,稳定性好。     

聚乳酸-羟基乙酸共聚物载肝细胞生长因子纳米粒的构建及生物学活性评价

目的探究制备聚乳酸-羟基乙酸共聚物（PLGA）纳米粒的优化条件,构建肝细胞生长因子（HGF）纳米粒,评价其包封率、 载药量、回收率、释放度和生物学活性。方法采用复乳溶剂挥发法制备牛血清白蛋白（BSA）PLGA纳米粒,通过正交试验设计, 以粒径较小,包封率、载药量和回收率较高为考察指标,优化纳米粒的制备条件;选取优化条件制备HGF纳米粒,分别采用BCA 试剂盒和HGF-ELISA试剂盒检测BSA纳米粒和HGF纳米粒的包封率、载药量和释放度,通过CCK8增殖实验评价HGF纳米粒 的生物活性。结果优化条件下制备的HGF 纳米粒大小均匀,粒径234.4±4.8 nm,包封率（77.75±3.04）%,回收率（49.33± 9.34）%,体外释放度曲线表现为先突释,后缓释;HGF纳米粒可以促进角质形成细胞的增殖。结论复乳溶剂挥发法-优化条件 下制备的HGF纳米粒具有较高包封率,良好的缓释效果和生物学活性。     

黄芩素PLGA纳米粒的制备及制剂学性质研究

[目的] 优化影响黄芩素聚乳酸/羟基乙酸共聚物（PLGA）纳米粒成型工艺参数,并评价优化工艺后所制纳米粒的制剂学性质。[方法] 采用乳化-溶剂挥发法制备黄芩素PLGA纳米粒,以粒径、包封率为评价指标,单因素实验考察了聚乙烯醇（PVA）浓度、PLGA型号、PLGA分子量、PLGA浓度、水相与有机相体积比、丙酮与无水乙醇体积比、药物与PLGA的比例共7个参数对纳米粒成型工艺的作用规律。[结果] 优化处方工艺制备的纳米粒包封率为（95.03±1.33）%、平均粒径为（126.80±4.50） nm、Zeta电位（-21.30±0.23） mV.[结论] 乳化-溶剂挥发法制备的黄芩素PLGA纳米粒圆整,粒径均一。     

界面聚合法制备反义核酸氰基丙烯酸正丁酯纳米粒的研究及稳定性考察

目的 优化制备包裹反义寡核苷酸a-氰基丙烯酸正丁酯纳米粒(ASODN in NP)并考察稳定性.方法 以氰基丙烯酸正丁酯(butyleyanoacrylate,BCA)为载药材料,采用界面聚合法制备ASODN in NP;在单因素考察的基础上,采用正交设计优化处方和制备工艺;用透射电镜观察其形态;马尔文激光粒度分析仪测定粒径;高效液相色谱法测定载药量和包封率;用含7 mol/L尿素的20%聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳考察载药纳米粒在体外血清中的稳定性.结果 按优化工艺条件,制得的载药纳米粒,其形态规整、无黏连、大小均匀,平均粒径为94.9 nm,包封率和载药量分别为 96.7%、10.1%,在体外血清中稳定性好并优于传统的吸附法制备的纳米粒.结论 本实验制备的ASODN in NP具有较好的稳定性,较高包封率和载药量.     

O-羧甲基乳糖酰化壳聚糖-聚乳酸阿霉素纳米粒的制备及其物理化学性质的测定

目的制备具有肝靶向性的O-羧甲基乳糖酰化壳聚糖-聚乳酸阿霉素纳米粒,并对纳米粒药物含量、包封率和粒径大小进行检测。方法制备出O-羧甲基乳糖酰化壳聚糖-聚乳酸阿霉素纳米粒,并通过紫外分光光度计测定纳米粒的载药量以及包封率,激光粒度分析仪及电镜测量粒径大小。结果电镜及激光粒度分析仪检测证实纳米粒大小均匀,粒径(197±32)nm,载药量为(44.79±4.27)μg/mg,包封率(67.34±3.32)%。结论该实验制备的纳米粒其粒径小,载药量及包封率高。     

有机溶剂对乳化-溶剂挥发法制备PLGA纳米粒的影响

目的 以生物可降解材料聚（乳酸-羟基乙酸）共聚物(PLGA)为载体,采用乳化-溶剂挥发法制备包载荧光标记物香豆素-6的纳米粒,考察有机溶剂组成对纳米粒制备的影响.方法 选用不同配比的二氯甲烷与乙酸乙酯混合溶剂作为有机相制备香豆素-6-PLGA纳米粒,测定纳米粒粒径与包封率.结果 纳米粒粒径随着乙酸乙酯比例增加而减小,包...     

星点设计-效应面优化黄芩苷乳酸-羟基乙酸共聚物纳米粒制备工艺研究

目的：优化黄芩苷乳酸-羟基乙酸共聚物纳米粒的处方工艺。方法：采用改进的复乳化-溶剂挥发法制备黄芩苷PLGA纳米粒,以纳米粒的包封率、载药量、粒径及总评＂归一值＂为评价指标,采用中心复合设计-效应面优化法考察聚乙烯醇（PVA）浓度与PLGA浓度对制备工艺的影响,对结果进行多元线性回归和二项式拟合,效应面法优选最佳工艺条件,并进行预测分析,同时采用扫描电镜和粒度分布仪观察纳米粒的表面形态和粒径分布。结果：从复相关系数上看,各指标二项式拟合方程均优于多元线性回归方程,根据优化工艺条件下制得纳米粒大小均匀,表面光滑圆整,平均粒径为（186.23±2.98）nm,包封率为（68.23±1.93）%,载药量为（8.44±0.58）%。结论：优化的黄芩苷乳酸-羟基乙酸共聚物纳米粒制备工艺稳定可行,可以用于生产。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.