粉煤灰掺量对聚乙烯醇纤维增强水泥基复合材料抗硫酸盐侵蚀性能影响的研究

为了研究粉煤灰掺量对聚乙烯醇纤维增强水泥基复合材料(Polyvinyl alcohol fiber reinforced cementitious composites,简写为PVA-FRCC)抗硫酸钠侵蚀的影响,在长期浸泡和干湿循环两种不同的侵蚀环境下,对若干次试验周期后的试件表观形貌变化、质量变化、体积变化、抗压强度和微观结构进行分析研究。试验结果表明,粉煤灰的掺入一定程度上密实了PVA-FRCC,在不同的侵蚀环境下均使其抗硫酸钠侵蚀性能得到改善,质量分数在50%之内时随着掺量的增加而更加明显。     

粉煤灰颗粒增强铝基复合材料的研究与进展

粉煤灰颗粒增强铝基复合材料因低廉的价格与优异的性能日益受到人们关注.介绍了粉煤灰颗粒增强铝基复合材料常用的制备方法(搅拌铸造法、压力浸渗法以及粉末冶金法);指出了各种制备工艺的优缺点;阐述了粉煤灰颗粒增强铝基复合材料优良的性能,特别是其力学性能、耐磨性能、阻尼性能与电磁屏蔽性能;展望了粉煤灰颗粒增强铝基复合材料的发展趋势.     

多相材料断裂的分形特征

测量了多相材料复合涂层的断裂挠度和断口表面的分形维数,分析了复合涂层的断裂特征。结果表明：随着硬质相增加,复合涂层的断裂挠度和断口表面的分形维数降低。     

重质碳酸钙在超细粉碎中的多维分形特征

为了研究重质碳酸钙颗粒在超细粉碎过程中的分形维数以及多维分形特征与研磨时间的关系,对重质碳酸钙颗粒进行湿法研磨,提取不同研磨时间的颗粒,测量其粒度分布,并利用单一分形法和多维分形法计算样品的分形维数,建立分形维数与研磨时间的拟合曲线。结果表明:相对于单一分形法,多维分形法更能准确地描述颗粒的尺寸分布状态;通过分形维数与研磨时间拟合曲线中的峰值,可以判断颗粒的最佳研磨时间范围,这与实验中重质碳酸钙颗粒样品的最佳研磨时间60 min相符,从而优化颗粒超细粉碎过程中的研磨时间参数,减少能源消耗。     

高铁粉煤灰对水泥基材料吸波特性的影响

采用X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、能量色散谱仪(EDS)分析粉煤灰中铁组分矿物组成和分布形态,对高铁粉煤灰颗粒电磁参数及复合高铁粉煤灰水泥浆体的吸波性能进行了试验研究.结果表明,粉煤灰中富集在球形颗粒表面的各种微细氧化铁晶体,是高铁粉煤灰产生电磁损耗的物质基础;高铁粉煤灰颗粒具有较高的介电常数和一定的磁导率,是以介电损耗型为主的电磁波有效损耗介质;高铁粉煤灰水泥基复合材料在2～8GHz波段范围内具有吸波性能,其最小反射率为-13.01dB,同时吸波能力可能与材料电导率有关.     

硅酸盐水泥基结构加固胶的研究

为解决有机类结构加固胶对温度比较敏感，不适合高温或严寒地区使用，以及产生有害气体污染环境的问题，本文以水泥基复合材料为主材料制备水泥基结构加固胶，通过大量基础试验研究和测试评价，尤其是通过加入超细矿物掺合料、外加剂和调整水胶比，以解决普通无机结构胶物理力学性能较低，无法满足植筋等结构加固的技术要求的弱点。研究表明，新型硅酸盐水泥基结构加固胶的力学性能有了大幅度的提高，其中3d抗压强度达到55MPa以上，28d抗压强度接近100MPa。植筋试验表明，结构胶的各项性能指标满足植筋的技术要求，其性能可达到环氧树脂结构胶的水平，耐高温、耐低温性能和经济性远远优于环氧树脂结构胶。     

粉煤灰细度对超高韧性水泥基复合材料性能的影响

为了探究粉煤灰细度对超高韧性水泥基复合材料(ECC)性能的影响,设计对比三组由不同细度粉煤灰制作的ECC试件的抗拉及抗压试验性能,并进行了灰色关联度分析。结果表明:ECC的拉伸应变与粉煤灰细度之间不呈简单的线性关系;对于ECC的抗压强度,其主导因素并非是粉煤灰的细度,而是粉煤灰的活性。在特定条件下,通过改变粉煤灰的细度,可以在不影响基体强度的情况下改善ECC的延性。     

超高韧性水泥基复合材料与活性粉末混凝土界面剪切强度试验研究

该研究使用双面剪切试验对500 d长龄期的超高韧性水泥基复合材料(UHTCC)、活性粉末混凝土(RPC)和UHTCC/RPC界面的剪切强度进行了测试,并结合数字图像相关技术对其破坏过程进行了观测。结果表明,UHTCC、RPC和UHTCC/RPC界面均表现出良好的剪切延性,在加载过程中均未发生脆性破坏。此外,改进浇筑工艺和提高粘结界面的粗糙度均能够提高UHTCC/RPC界面剪切强度。将现有的界面剪切强度计算经验公式与试验结果对比发现现有的经验公式无法准确预测UHTCC/RPC的界面剪切强度。该研究建立了UHTCC/RPC界面剪切试验的有限元分析模型,并使用COHESIVE单元模拟界面行为,模拟结果与试验结果吻合较好。     

用于地聚合物的粉煤灰活性评价研究

由于粉煤灰的非均质性,很难直接预测粉煤灰的活性.本实验研究了不同粉煤灰在不同时间、温度和碱浓度条件下的浸出过程(先将粉煤灰在碱液中溶解,再将其残留物在酸溶液中解离).通过电感耦合等离子体发射光谱仪(ICP)和化学分析表明,温度、反应时间和碱浓度都会影响粉煤灰的溶解速率和浸出含量.粉煤灰中浸出的反应性n(Si)/n(Al)为2.3～2.7,粉煤灰中硅和铝的总浸出量与成型用其制备的地聚合物强度呈正相关.另外,可发现建立在硅酸盐水泥体系上的粉煤灰活性评价体系并不完全适用于地聚合物体系.通过XRD、FTIR和SEM分析可发现,粉煤灰由反应性材料和惰性材料组成,而活性物质在地聚合过程中迅速溶解,酸完全解离在地聚合过程中生成的凝胶,浸出过程更能准确表征粉煤灰中反应性物质的含量.碱溶解?酸解离法可定量估算粉煤灰的反应物含量和反应性n(Si)/n(Al),并简单预测用于地聚合物体系的粉煤灰的潜在反应活性,还可指导粉煤灰地聚合物的配比设计.     

粉煤灰资源的利用

本文详细论述了几种粉煤灰的利用技术,以及在利用中需要重点开发研究的课题。     

粉煤灰涂层材料的控释水特性

提出了一种新型涂层导水纤维的制备方法.用粉煤灰和有机溶剂溶解的EVA混合做涂层材料,选用与膜材成分相同的聚乙烯纤维作为预涂层纤维基体.用比表面积分析仪表征粉煤灰的孔径分布,在环境扫描电子显微镜下观察纤维表面微观真实形貌,用快速水分测定仪测试纤维在不同温度下的连续失水情况.改变土壤的相对含水量,测定了优选配比涂层纤维的失水.结果表明:EVA含量最少的纤维涂层渗水效果最好,涂层纤维的保水功能是由于粉煤灰的多孔产生了毛细孔凝聚现象,该涂层导水纤维对温度以及土壤湿度都具有自调节功能.     

Laboratory compaction of fly ash and fly ash with cement additions

The use of power-industry wastes as a material for earthen structures depends on its compactibility. It has been confirmed that a fly ash/bottom ash mix compacted several times in Proctor's moulds are not representative. The relationship between dry density of solid particles and water content for re-used waste samples was determined. The re-compaction effect on grain-size distribution, density of solid particles, specific surface and sand equivalent of wastes was investigated. Tests were conducted on fly ash samples compacted by the Standard and Modified Proctor methods. Another aim of the paper was to investigate the influence of cement additions on the compactibility of a fly ash/bottom ash mix. Waste samples in the natural state and with different percentages of cement additions (2, 5 and 10%) were compacted by both impact compaction methods to obtain compactibility curves rhod(w). It was found that cement addition resulted in an increased rhod max value, while wopt decreased. Linear regression relationships for changes in compaction parameters after cement stabilisation are also given.     

Effect of curing method on characteristics of cold bonded fly ash aggregates

This paper discusses the influence of normal water curing, autoclaving and steam curing on the properties of a typical class-C fly ash aggregate. The 10% fines value, water absorption, and porosity of aggregates are correlated with SEM and XRD results to understand the influence of various factors and material characteristics. An increase in duration of normal water curing significantly improved the aggregate properties. Autoclaving and steam curing resulted in relatively lower enhancement in the properties as compared to normal water cured aggregate. Between the accelerated curing methods, autoclaved aggregate possessed properties closer to the normal water cured aggregate due to the dense microstructure formation. Continuation of normal water curing, after initially subjecting the aggregates to accelerated curing, exhibited only a marginal improvement in the properties.     

原生粉煤灰涂层导水纤维的制备及其渗水特性试验研究

利用粉煤灰和有机溶剂溶解的EVA混合在聚乙烯纤维基体上涂层,制备新型涂层导水纤维.试验采用比表面积分析仪、环境扫描电子显微镜、快速水分测定仪分别对纤维涂层形貌以及渗水特性进行表征.试验结果表明:在筛选后的比例中,EVA 含量最少的纤维涂层渗水效果最好;该涂层导水纤维对温度以及土壤湿度都具有自调节功能.     

Compressive strength and microstructural characteristics of class C fly ash geopolymer

Geopolymers prepared from a class C fly ash (CFA) and a mixed alkali activator of sodium hydroxide and sodium silicate solution were investigated. A high compressive strength was obtained when the modulus of the activator viz., molar ratio of SiO₂/Na₂O was 1.5, and the proper content of this activator as evaluated by the mass proportion of Na₂O to CFA was 10%. The compressive strength of these samples was 63.4 MPa when they were cured at 75 °C for 8 h followed by curing at 23 °C for 28 d. In FTIR spectroscopy, the main peaks at 1036 and 1400 cm^?1 have been attributed to asymmetric stretching of Al–O/Si–O bonds, while those at 747 cm^?1 are due to the Si–O–Si/Si–O–Al bending band. The main geopolymeric gel and calcium silicate hydrate (C–S–H) gel co-exist and bond some remaining unreacted CFA spheres as observed in XRD and SEM–EXDA. The presence of gismondine (zeolite) was also observed in the XRD pattern.     

改性粉煤灰作橡胶填料的研究

以鸡西发电厂粉煤灰为原料对粉煤灰进行表面改性。从表面改性剂、粉煤灰的粒度、粉煤灰的填加量等几个方面的因素，来探讨改性粉煤灰对橡胶补强性能的影响。实验表明，表面改性后的粉煤灰对橡胶具有较好的补强作用，可替代部分炭黑，可以减少碳黑的用量，降低橡胶的成本，并减少粉煤灰对环境的污染。     

Mechanical characteristics of clay structural ceramics containing coal fly ash

In this work, the mechanical characterization of ceramic products processed from red clay with different amounts of added coal fly ash was investigated. Coal fly ash produced by power plants is a waste material that constitutes an alternative source of minerals for the production of traditional building ceramics, as it is a complex mixture of several oxides such as SiO₂, Al₂O₃, CaO, Fe₂O₃, Na₂O, TiO₂, which are usually present in the composition of such ceramics. A powder technology and firing route was followed for the processing of the clay and coal fly ash based ceramics. Different proportions of waste (10, 25 and 50%, by weight) were added to red clay, and then the mixed powders were pressed to form compacts that were fired at a selected temperature in the range 850–1,150°C. The effects of waste content and of heating conditions on the microstructure and mechanical characteristics of the obtained materials were investigated. The density, porosity, water absorption, flexural strength, hardness and fracture toughness of the produced materials were evaluated. A comparison was made between the properties of the produced ceramics with those of traditional ceramic materials used in construction, e.g. floor or wall tiles, and it was observed that the clay based products with coal fly ash additions may be used in similar applications.     

白云石／粉煤灰纤维的制备及性能研究

利用ACC-Ⅱ高温坩埚电阻炉将一定量的白云石与粉煤灰相混合，经高温熔化、拉丝等工艺进行制备白云石／粉煤灰纤维，通过扫描电镜（SEM）对其结构、形貌和特性进行研究，并讨论白云石含量对粉煤灰纤维性能的影响。结果表明，22％～28％（质量分数）的白云石和粉煤灰混合在高温熔化下，可形成新网状结构的硅酸盐功能材料。并且白云石能够改变粉煤灰纤维的结构、化学组成及性质，使粉煤灰纤维的化学耐久性、柔韧性和耐热强度等方面都有显著提高。     

Study on use of MSWI fly ash in ceramic tile

In this work, MSWI (municipal solid waste incineration) fly ash is used as a blending in production of ceramic tile by taking advantage of its high contents of SiO(2), Al(2)O(3) and CaO. Besides, macro-performance and microstructure of the product as well as its leaching toxicity in practical application were studied by means of XRD, IR and SEM analysis, and leaching toxicity and sequential chemical extraction analysis of the product. It is found that when 20% fly ash is added, the product registers a high compressive strength of 18.6MPa/cm(2) and a low water absorption of 7.4% after being sintered at 960 degrees C. It is found that the glazed tile shows excellent resistance against leaching, in accordance with HVEP stand, of heavy metals with Cd<0.0002ppm, Pb<0.0113ppm and Zn<0.0749ppm, and Hg below the low detection limit. These results show that heavy metals are cemented among the solid lattice in the product and can hardly be extracted. Leaching toxicity of heavy metals in the product, especially Hg, Pb, Zn and Cd, is substantially reduced to less than one-tenth of that in fly ash. In addition, specifications of Hg, Pb, Zn and Cd are largely changed and only a small portion of these heavy metals exists in soluble phases. These results as a whole suggest that the use of MSWI fly ash in ceramic tile constitutes a potential means of adding value.     

Effect of fly ash and slag on the fracture characteristics of high performance concrete

The premature deterioration of concrete structures in aggressive environments has necessitated the development of high performance concrete (HPC). The major difference between conventional concrete and HPC is essentially the use of chemical and mineral admixtures. The improved pore structure of HPC achieved by the use of chemical and mineral admixtures causes densification of paste-aggregate transition zone, which in turn affects the fracture characteristics. Hence, studies were taken up to investigate the effect of fly ash and slag on the fracture characteristics of HPC. Beam specimens (geometrically similar and single size variable notch) with locally available fly ash (25%) and slag (50%) as cement replacement materials were prepared and tested in a servo-controlled Universal Testing Machine (UTM) under displacement control. From the value of the peak load for each beam, various fracture parameters were calculated. The results show that there is a reduction in the fracture energy due to addition of fly ash or slag, which can be attributed to the presence of unhydrated particles of size larger than that of normal flaws in concrete. Also due to densification, the post peak behaviour is steeper for the fly ash or slag based HPC mixes. The results of the investigation are presented in this paper.